Well-known reactions and reagents in

organic chemistry Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.Clayden, ...

include

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* 1,2-Wittig rearrangement * 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition * 2,3-Wittig rearrangement

A

* Abramovitch–Shapiro tryptamine synthesis * Acetalisation * Acetoacetic ester condensation * Achmatowicz reaction *

Acylation In chemistry, acylation (or alkanoylation) is the chemical reaction in which an acyl group () is added to a compound. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent. Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with ...

Acyloin condensation Acyloin condensation is a reductive coupling of two carboxylic esters using metallic sodium to yield an α-hydroxyketone, also known as an acyloin. The reaction is most successful when ''R'' is aliphatic and saturated. The reaction is performe ...

Adams' catalyst Adams' catalyst, also known as platinum dioxide, is usually represented as platinum(IV) oxide hydrate, PtO2•H2O. It is a catalyst for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in organic synthesis. This dark brown powder is commercially available. The ...

* Adams decarboxylation * Adkins catalyst * Adkins–Peterson reaction * Akabori amino acid reaction * Alcohol oxidation * Alder ene reaction * Alder–Stein rules * Aldol addition *

Aldol condensation An aldol condensation is a condensation reaction in organic chemistry in which two carbonyl moieties (of aldehydes or ketones) react to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone (an aldol reaction), and this is then followed by dehydration to ...

* Algar–Flynn–Oyamada reaction *

Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution In organic chemistry, alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines. The reaction name is based on the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations. The reaction is acid catalyzed and the reaction ...

* Alkyne trimerisation * Alkyne zipper reaction * Allan–Robinson reaction * Allylic rearrangement * Amadori rearrangement * Amine alkylation * Angeli–Rimini reaction *

Andrussov oxidation The Andrussow process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst. :2 CH4 + 2 NH3 + 3 O2 → 2 HCN + 6 H2O The process is based on a reaction ...

Appel reaction The Appel reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chloride using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride. The use of carbon tetrabromide or bromine as a halide source will yield alkyl bromides, whereas using carbo ...

* Arbuzov reaction, Arbusow reaction *

Arens–Van Dorp synthesis The Arens–van Dorp synthesis is a name reaction in organic chemistry. It describes the addition of lithiated ethoxyacetylenes to ketones to give propargyl alcohols, which can undergo further reaction to form α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, or esters ...

, Isler modification * Aromatic nitration * Arndt–Eistert synthesis * Aston–Greenburg rearrangement *

Auwers synthesis The Auwers synthesis is a series of organic reactions forming a flavonol from a coumarone. This reaction was first reported by Karl von Auwers in 1908.K. v. Auwers, E. Auffenberg, "Über Cumaranone und Hydrindone", '' Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.'', 52, ...

Aza-Cope rearrangement Rearrangements, especially those that can participate in cascade reactions, such as the aza-Cope rearrangements, are of high practical as well as conceptual importance in organic chemistry, due to their ability to quickly build structural complexi ...

Azo coupling In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an organic reaction between a diazonium compound () and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (). In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the ...

B

Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis The Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis (1882) is an organic reaction in which indigo is prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and acetone The reaction was developed by von Baeyer in 1880 to produce the first synthetic indigo at laboratory ...

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation The Baeyer–Villiger oxidation is an organic reaction that forms an ester from a ketone or a lactone from a cyclic ketone, using peroxyacids or peroxides as the oxidant. The reaction is named after Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger who ...

, Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement * Bakeland process (Bakelite) * Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement, Baker–Venkataraman transformation * Baldwin's Rules * Bally–Scholl synthesis * Balz–Schiemann reaction * Bamberger rearrangement * Bamberger triazine synthesis * Bamford–Stevens reaction *

Barbier reaction The Barbier reaction is an organometallic reaction between an alkyl halide (chloride, bromide, iodide), a carbonyl group and a metal. The reaction can be performed using magnesium, aluminium, zinc, indium, tin, samarium, barium or their salts. ...

* Barbier–Wieland degradation * Bardhan–Sengupta phenanthrene synthesis * Barfoed's test * Bargellini reaction *

Bartoli indole synthesis The Bartoli indole synthesis (also called the Bartoli reaction) is the chemical reaction of ortho-substituted nitroarenes and nitrosoarenes with vinyl Grignard reagents to form substituted indoles. The reaction is often unsuccessful without sub ...

, Bartoli reaction *

Barton decarboxylation The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted to a thiohydroxamate ester (commonly referred to as a Barton ester). The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydroge ...

Barton reaction The Barton reaction, also known as the Barton nitrite ester reaction, is a photochemical reaction that involves the photolysis of an alkyl nitrite to form a δ-nitroso alcohol. Discovered in 1960, the reaction is named for its discoverer, Nobel Lau ...

* Barton–Kellogg reaction * Barton–McCombie reaction, Barton deoxygenation * Barton-Zard Synthesis * Barton vinyl iodine procedure *

Baudisch reaction In organic chemistry, the Baudisch reaction is a process for the synthesis of nitrosophenols using metal ions. Although the products are of limited value, the reaction is of historical interest as an example of metal-promoted functionalization of a ...

* Bayer test *

Baylis–Hillman reaction The Baylis–Hillman reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction between the α-position of an activated alkene and a carbon electrophile such as an aldehyde. Employing a nucleophilic catalyst, such as a tertiary amine and phosphine, this rea ...

Bechamp reaction In organic synthesis the Béchamp reaction is used for producing arsonic acids from activated aromatic substrates. The reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution, using arsenic acid as the electrophile. The reaction proceeds according to ...

* Bechamp reduction * Beckmann fragmentation *

Beckmann rearrangement The Beckmann rearrangement, named after the German chemist Ernst Otto Beckmann (1853–1923), is a rearrangement of an oxime functional group to substituted amides. The rearrangement has also been successfully performed on haloimines and nitrone ...

* Bellus–Claisen rearrangement *

Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, or BZ reaction, is one of a class of reactions that serve as a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, resulting in the establishment of a nonlinear chemical oscillator. The only common element in ...

* Benary reaction *

Benedict's reagent Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution) is a chemical reagent and complex mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. It is often used in place of Fehling's ...

* Benkeser reaction *

Benzidine rearrangement Benzidine (trivial name), also called 1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (systematic name), is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4NH2)2. It is an aromatic amine. It is a component of a test for cyanide. Related derivatives are used in the produ ...

* Benzilic acid rearrangement *

Benzoin condensation The benzoin addition is an addition reaction involving two aldehydes. The reaction generally occurs between aromatic aldehydes or glyoxals, and results in formation of an acyloin Acyloins or α-hydroxy ketones are a class of organic compounds w ...

Bergman cyclization The Masamune-Bergman cyclization or Masamune-Bergman reaction or Masamune-Bergman cycloaromatization is an organic reaction and more specifically a rearrangement reaction taking place when an enediyne is heated in presence of a suitable hydrogen d ...

* Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis *

Bergmann degradation The Bergmann degradation is a series of chemical reactions designed to remove a single amino acid from the carboxylic acid (C-terminal) end of a peptide. First demonstrated by Max Bergmann in 1934, it is a rarely used method for sequencing peptides ...

* Bergmann–Zervas carbobenzoxy method *

Bernthsen acridine synthesis The Bernthsen acridine synthesis is the chemical reaction of a diarylamine heated with a carboxylic acid (or acid anhydride) and zinc chloride to form a 9-substituted acridine. Using zinc chloride, one must heat the reaction to 200-270 °C f ...

* Bestmann's reagent * Betti reaction * Biginelli pyrimidine synthesis * Biginelli reaction *

Bingel reaction The Bingel reaction in fullerene chemistry is a fullerene cyclopropanation reaction to a methanofullerene first discovered by C. Bingel in 1993 with the bromo derivative of diethyl malonate in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or DBU ...

Birch reduction The Birch reduction is an organic reaction that is used to convert arenes to cyclohexadienes. The reaction is named after the Australian chemist Arthur Birch and involves the organic reduction of aromatic rings in an amine solvent (traditionally ...

* Bischler–Möhlau indole synthesis * Bischler–Napieralski reaction *

Biuret test Biuret is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is a white solid that is soluble in hot water. A variety of organic derivatives are known. The term "biuret" also describes a family of organic compounds with the chemical formula , where ...

Blaise ketone synthesis The Blaise ketone synthesis (named after Edmond Blaise) is the chemical reaction of acid chlorides with organozinc compounds to give ketones. The reaction was claimed to bring excellent yields by Blaise, however, investigators failed to obtain ...

Blaise reaction The Blaise reaction is an organic reaction that forms a β-ketoester from the reaction of zinc metal with a α-bromoester and a nitrile. The reaction was first reported by Edmond Blaise (1872–1939) in 1901. The final intermediate is a metaloimin ...

* Blanc reaction * Blanc chloromethylation * Blum–Ittah aziridine synthesis * Bodroux reaction * Bodroux–Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis * Bogert–Cook synthesis * Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis * Bohn–Schmidt reaction * Boord olefin synthesis *

Borodin reaction Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin ( rus, link=no, Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir’yevich Borodin , p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr pɐrˈfʲi rʲjɪvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈdʲin, a=RU-Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin.ogg, ...

* Borsche–Drechsel cyclization * Bosch–Meiser urea process *

Bosch reaction The Bosch reaction is a catalytic chemical reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) that produces elemental carbon (C, graphite), water, and a 10% return of invested heat. CO2 is usually reduced by H2 to carbon in presence of ...

Bouveault aldehyde synthesis The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an alkyl or aryl halide with a formyl group using a ''N'',''N''-disubstituted formamide. For primary alkyl halides this produc ...

* Bouveault–Blanc reduction *

Boyland–Sims oxidation The Boyland–Sims oxidation is the chemical reaction of anilines with alkaline potassium persulfate, which after hydrolysis forms ''ortho''-hydroxyl anilines. The reaction is generally performed in water at room temperatures or below, using equim ...

* Boyer Reaction *

Bredt's rule Bredt's rule is an empirical observation in organic chemistry that states that a double bond cannot be placed at the bridgehead of a bridged ring system, unless the rings are large enough. The rule is named after Julius Bredt, who first discussed ...

Brook rearrangement In organic chemistry the Brook rearrangement refers to any ,''n''carbon to oxygen silyl migration. The rearrangement was first observed in the late 1950s by Canadian chemist Adrian Gibbs Brook (1924–2013), after which the reaction is named. The ...

* Brown hydroboration * Bucherer carbazole synthesis * Bucherer reaction *

Bucherer–Bergs reaction The Bucherer–Bergs reaction is the chemical reaction of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) or cyanohydrins with ammonium carbonate and potassium cyanide to give hydantoins. The reaction is named after Hans Theodor Bucherer. ''Overall Reac ...

* Buchner ring enlargement * Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction * Buchwald–Hartwig amination * Bunnett reaction * Burgess reagent

C

* Cadiot–Chodkiewicz coupling * Cadogan-Sundberg indole synthesis * Camps quinoline synthesis *

Cannizzaro reaction The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a chemical reaction which involves the base-induced disproportionation of two molecules of a non-enolizable aldehyde to give a primary alcohol and a carboxylic acid. ...

* Carbohydrate acetalisation *

Carbonyl reduction In organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the organic reduction of any carbonyl group by a reducing agent. Typical carbonyl compounds are ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides. Carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides ...

Carbonylation Carbonylation refers to reactions that introduce carbon monoxide into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. The term carbony ...

Carbylamine reaction The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene. Illustrative is the ...

* Carroll reaction * Castro–Stephens coupling *

Catalytic reforming Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-oc ...

* Catellani Reaction * CBS reduction * Chan–Lam coupling * Chapman rearrangement *

Cheletropic reaction In organic chemistry, cheletropic reactions, also known as chelotropic reactions,Chelotropic reaction
IUPAC GoldBook

* Chichibabin pyridine synthesis * Chichibabin reaction * Chiral pool synthesis * Chugaev elimination * Ciamician–Dennstedt rearrangement *

Claisen condensation The Claisen condensation is a carbon–carbon bond forming reaction that occurs between two esters or one ester and another carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong base, resulting in a β-keto ester or a β-diketone. It is named after Ra ...

Claisen rearrangement The Claisen rearrangement is a powerful carbon–carbon bond-forming chemical reaction discovered by Rainer Ludwig Claisen. The heating of an allyl vinyl ether will initiate a ,3sigmatropic rearrangement to give a γ,δ-unsaturated carbonyl, ...

* Claisen–Schmidt condensation *

Clemmensen reduction Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones (or aldehydes) to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist. The orig ...

Collins reagent Collins reagent is the complex of chromium(VI) oxide with pyridine in dichloromethane. This metal-pyridine complex, a red solid, is used to oxidize primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and secondary alcohols to the corresponding keton ...

Combes quinoline synthesis The Combes quinoline synthesis is a chemical reaction, which was first reported by Combes in 1888. It involves the condensation of unsubstituted anilines (1) with β-diketones (2) to form substituted quinolines (4) after an acid-catalyzed ring closu ...

* Conia reaction * Conrad–Limpach synthesis * Cook–Heilbron thiazole synthesis * Cope elimination *

Cope rearrangement The Cope rearrangement is an extensively studied organic reaction involving the ,3sigmatropic rearrangement of 1,5-dienes. It was developed by Arthur C. Cope and Elizabeth Hardy. For example, 3-methyl-hexa-1,5-diene heated to 300 °C yield ...

* Corey reagent * Corey–Bakshi–Shibata reduction *

Corey–Fuchs reaction The Corey–Fuchs reaction, also known as the Ramirez–Corey–Fuchs reaction, is a series of chemical reactions designed to transform an aldehyde into an alkyne. The formation of the 1,1-dibromoolefins via phosphine-dibromomethylenes was origina ...

Corey–Gilman–Ganem oxidation In organic chemistry, an aldehyde () is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure . The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl grou ...

Corey–Kim oxidation The Corey–Kim oxidation is an oxidation reaction used to synthesise aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols. It is named for American chemist and Nobel Laureate Elias James Corey and Korean-American chemist Choung Un Kim. ...

* Corey-Nicolaou macrolactonization * Corey–Posner, Whitesides–House reaction * Corey-Seebach reaction * Corey–Winter olefin synthesis * Corey–Winter reaction * Cornforth rearrangement *

Coupling reaction A coupling reaction in organic chemistry is a general term for a variety of reactions where two fragments are joined together with the aid of a metal catalyst. In one important reaction type, a main group organometallic compound of the type R-M (R = ...

* Crabbé reaction * Craig method * Cram's rule of asymmetric induction * Creighton process * Criegee reaction * Criegee rearrangement * Cross metathesis * Crum Brown–Gibson rule * Curtius degradation * Curtius rearrangement, Curtius reaction * Cyanohydrin reaction

D

Dakin reaction The Dakin oxidation (or Dakin reaction) is an organic redox reaction in which an '' ortho''- or ''para''-hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde or 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or ketone reacts with hydrogen peroxide in base to form a ...

(aka Dakin oxidation) *

Dakin–West reaction The Dakin–West reaction is a chemical reaction that transforms an amino-acid into a keto-amide using an acid anhydride and a base, typically pyridine. It is named for Henry Drysdale Dakin (1880–1952) and Randolph West (1890–1949). In 2016 Sch ...

* Danheiser annulation * Danheiser benzannulation * Darapsky degradation * Darzens condensation, Darzens–Claisen reaction, Glycidic ester condensation * Darzens halogenation * Darzens synthesis of unsaturated ketones * Darzens tetralin synthesis * Davis' reagent, Davis oxidation *

Davis–Beirut reaction The Davis–Beirut reaction is ''N,N''-bond forming heterocyclization that creates numerous types of 2''H''-indazoles and indazolones in both acidic and basic conditions The Davis–Beirut reaction is named after Mark Kurth and Makhluf Haddadin ...

* De Kimpe aziridine synthesis *

Dehydration reaction In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule or ion. Dehydration reactions are common processes, the reverse of a hydration reaction. Dehydration reactions in organic ch ...

Dehydrogenation In chemistry, dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen, usually from an organic molecule. It is the reverse of hydrogenation. Dehydrogenation is important, both as a useful reaction and a serious problem. At ...

* Delepine reaction * DeMayo reaction * Demjanov rearrangement * Demjanow desamination * Dess–Martin oxidation *

Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition The Diazoalkane 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (an organic reaction) between a 1,3-dipole diazo compound (notably diazomethane) and a dipolarophile. When the dipolarphile is an alkene, the reaction product is a pyrazol ...

* Diazotisation * DIBAL-H selective reduction *

Dieckmann condensation The Dieckmann condensation is the intramolecular chemical reaction of diesters with base to give β-keto esters. It is named after the German chemist Walter Dieckmann (1869–1925). The equivalent intermolecular reaction is the Claisen condensat ...

* Dieckmann reaction * Diels–Alder reaction * Diels–Reese reaction * Dienol–benzene rearrangement * Dienone–phenol rearrangement * Dimroth rearrangement * Di-π-methane rearrangement * Directed ortho metalation * Doebner modification *

Doebner reaction The Doebner reaction is the chemical reaction of an aniline with an aldehyde and pyruvic acid to form quinoline-4-carboxylic acids.Bergstrom, F. W. ''Chem. Rev.'' 1944, ''35'', 156. (Review) The reaction serves as an alternative to the Pfitzinger ...

* Doebner–Miller reaction, Beyer method for quinolines * Doering–LaFlamme carbon chain extension * Dötz reaction * Dowd–Beckwith ring expansion reaction *

Duff reaction The Duff reaction or hexamine aromatic formylation is a formylation reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of benzaldehydes with hexamine as the formyl carbon source. It is named after James Cooper Duff, who was a chemist at the Col ...

* Dutt–Wormall reaction * Dyotropic reaction

E

* E1cB elimination reaction * Eder reaction *

Edman degradation Edman degradation, developed by Pehr Edman, is a method of sequencing amino acids in a peptide. In this method, the amino-terminal residue is labeled and cleaved from the peptide without disrupting the peptide bonds between other amino acid residu ...

Eglinton reaction The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far the oldest acetylenic coupling and is based on cuprous salts like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like oxygen. The base in its original scope is amm ...

* Ehrlich–Sachs reaction * Einhorn variant * Einhorn–Brunner reaction *

Elbs persulfate oxidation The Elbs persulfate oxidation is the organic reaction of phenols with alkaline potassium persulfate to form ''para''-diphenols. The reaction is generally performed in water at room temperatures or below, using equimolar quantities of reagents. ...

* Elbs reaction * Electrochemical fluorination *

Electrocyclic reaction In organic chemistry, an electrocyclic reaction is a type of pericyclic rearrangement where the net result is one pi bond being converted into one sigma bond or vice versa. These reactions are usually categorized by the following criteria: * Reac ...

* Electrophilic halogenation * Electrophilic amination *

Elimination reaction An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 r ...

* Emde degradation * Emmert reaction * Enders SAMP/RAMP hydrazone-alkylation reaction *

Ene reaction In organic chemistry, the ene reaction (also known as the Alder-ene reaction by its discoverer Kurt Alder in 1943) is a chemical reaction between an alkene with an allylic hydrogen (the ene) and a compound containing a multiple bond (the enophile ...

Enyne metathesis An enyne metathesis is an organic reaction taking place between an alkyne and an alkene with a metal carbene catalyst forming a butadiene. This reaction is a variation of olefin metathesis. The general scheme is given by ''scheme 1'': : When the ...

Epoxidation In organic chemistry, an epoxide is a cyclic ether () with a three-atom ring. This ring approximates an equilateral triangle, which makes it strained, and hence highly reactive, more so than other ethers. They are produced on a large scale ...

* Erlenmeyer synthesis, Azlactone synthesis *

Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino-acid synthesis The Erlenmeyer–Plöchl azlactone and amino acid synthesis, named after Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer who partly discovered the reaction, is a series of chemical reactions which transform an ''N''-acyl glycine to various other amino acids ...

* Eschenmoser fragmentation * Eschenmoser sulfide contraction *

Eschweiler–Clarke reaction The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. Reductive amination reactions such as this on ...

* Ester pyrolysis * Ether cleavage * Étard reaction * Evans aldol * Evans–Saksena reduction * Evans–Tishchenko reaction

F

Favorskii reaction The Favorskii reaction is an organic chemistry reaction between an alkyne and a carbonyl group, under base (chemistry), basic conditions. The reaction was discovered in the early 1900s by the Russian chemist Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii. When ...

* Favorskii rearrangement * Favorskii–Babayan synthesis * Fehling test * Feist–Benary synthesis * Fenton reaction * Ferrario reaction * Ferrier carbocyclization * Ferrier rearrangement *

Fétizon oxidation Fétizon oxidation is the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols utilizing the compound silver(I) carbonate absorbed onto the surface of celite also known as Fétizon's reagent first employed by Marcel Fétizon in 1968. It is a mild reagent, ...

* Fiesselmann thiophene synthesis *

Finkelstein reaction The Finkelstein reaction named after the German chemist Hans Finkelstein, is an SN2 reaction (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular reaction) that involves the exchange of one halogen atom for another. It is an equilibrium reaction, but the react ...

* Fischer indole synthesis *

Fischer oxazole synthesis The Fischer oxazole synthesis is a chemical synthesis of an oxazole from a cyanohydrin and an aldehyde in the presence of anhydrous hydrochloric acid.Wiley, R. H. The Chemistry of Oxazoles. '' Chem. Rev.'' 1945, ''37'', 401. () This method was di ...

* Fischer peptide synthesis *

Fischer phenylhydrazine and oxazone reaction Osazones are a class of carbohydrate derivatives found in organic chemistry formed when Reducing sugar, reducing sugars are reacted with excess of phenylhydrazine at boiling temperatures. Formation Osazone formation was developed by Emil Fisch ...

* Fischer glycosidation * Fischer–Hepp rearrangement *

Fischer–Speier esterification Fischer esterification or Fischer–Speier esterification is a special type of esterification by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction was first described by Emil Fischer and Arthur Speier ...

Fischer Tropsch synthesis Fischer is a German occupational surname, meaning fisherman. The name Fischer is the fourth most common German surname. The English version is Fisher. People with the surname A * Abraham Fischer (1850–1913) South African public official * A ...

* Fleming–Tamao oxidation * Flood reaction * Folin–Ciocalteu reagent *

Formox process The Formox process produces formaldehyde. Formox is a registered trademark owned by Johnson Matthey. The process was originally invented jointly by Swedish chemical company Perstorp and Reichhold Chemicals . Industrially, formaldehyde is produced b ...

* Forster reaction * Forster–Decker method * Fowler process * Franchimont reaction * Frankland synthesis * Frankland–Duppa reaction * Fráter–Seebach alkylation *

Free radical halogenation In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl-substituted aromatics under application of UV light. The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform ( ...

* Freund reaction * Friedel–Crafts acylation * Friedel–Crafts alkylation *

Friedländer synthesis The Friedländer synthesis is a chemical reaction of 2-aminobenzaldehydes with ketones to form quinoline derivatives. It is named after German chemist Paul Friedländer (1857–1923). This reaction has been catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid, ...

* Fries rearrangement * Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement * Fujimoto–Belleau reaction * Fujiwara–Moritani reaction * Fukuyama coupling * Fukuyama indole synthesis * Fukuyama reduction

G

* Gabriel ethylenimine method * Gabriel synthesis * Gabriel–Colman rearrangement, Gabriel isoquinoline synthesis * Gallagher–Hollander degradation * Gassman indole synthesis * Gastaldi synthesis * Gattermann aldehyde synthesis * Gattermann Koch reaction * Gattermann reaction * Geminal halide hydrolysis * Gewald reaction * Gibbs phthalic anhydride process *

Gilman reagent A Gilman reagent is a lithium and copper ( diorganocopper) reagent compound, R2CuLi, where R is an alkyl or aryl. These reagents are useful because, unlike related Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents, they react with organic halides to ...

Glaser coupling The Glaser coupling is a type of coupling reaction. It is by far the oldest acetylenic coupling and is based on cuprous salts like copper(I) chloride or copper(I) bromide and an additional oxidant like oxygen. The base in its original scope is amm ...

* Glycol cleavage *

Gomberg–Bachmann reaction The Gomberg–Bachmann reaction, named for the Russian-American chemist Moses Gomberg and the American chemist Werner Emmanuel Bachmann, is an aryl-aryl coupling reaction via a diazonium salt. : The arene compound (here benzene) is reacted wi ...

* Gomberg–Bachmann–Hey reaction * Gomberg radical reaction * Gould–Jacobs reaction * Graebe–Ullmann synthesis * Grignard degradation * Griesbaum coozonolysis *

Grignard reaction The Grignard reaction () is an organometallic chemical reaction in which alkyl, allyl, vinyl, or aryl-magnesium halides (Grignard reagent) is added to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone. This reaction is important for the formation of ...

* Grob fragmentation *

Grubbs' catalyst Grubbs catalysts are a series of transition metal carbene complexes used as catalysts for olefin metathesis. They are named after Robert H. Grubbs, the chemist who supervised their synthesis. Several generations of the catalyst have been develo ...

Olefin metathesis Olefin metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the scission and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds. Because of the relative simplicity of olefin metathesis, it often create ...

* Grundmann aldehyde synthesis * Gryszkiewicz–Trochimowski and McCombie method * Guareschi–Thorpe condensation *

Guerbet reaction The Guerbet reaction, named after Marcel Guerbet (1861–1938), is an organic reaction that converts a primary alcohol into its β-alkylated dimer alcohol with loss of one equivalent of water. The process is of interest because it converts simple i ...

* Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis

H

* Hajos–Parrish–Eder–Sauer–Wiechert reaction * Haller–Bauer reaction *

Haloform reaction In chemistry, the haloform reaction is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (, where X is a halogen The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), ...

Halogen addition reaction A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. The general chemical formula of the halogen addition reaction is: :C=C + X2 → X−C−C� ...

* Halohydrin formation reaction *

Hammett equation The Hammett equation in organic chemistry describes a linear free-energy relationship relating reaction rates and equilibrium constants for many reactions involving benzoic acid derivatives with meta- and para-substituents to each other with ju ...

* Hammick reaction * Hammond principle or Hammond postulate * Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis * Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis, Hantzsch pyridine synthesis * Hantzsch pyridine synthesis, Gattermann–Skita synthesis, Guareschi–Thorpe condensation, Knoevenagel–Fries modification * Hantzsch–Collidin synthesis * Harries ozonide reaction * Haworth methylation * Haworth Phenanthrene synthesis * Haworth reaction * Hay coupling * Hayashi rearrangement * Heck reaction * Hegedus indole synthesis * Helferich method * Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation *

Hemetsberger indole synthesis The Hemetsberger indole synthesis (also called the Hemetsberger–Knittel synthesis) is a chemical reaction that thermally decomposes a 3-aryl-2-azido-propenoic ester into an indole-2-carboxylic ester In chemistry, an ester is a compound der ...

* Hemetsberger–Knittel synthesis * Henkel reaction, Raecke process, Henkel process *

Henry reaction The Henry reaction is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry. Discovered in 1895 by the Belgian chemist Louis Henry (1834–1913), it is the combination of a nitroalkane and an aldehyde or ketone in the presence ...

, Kamlet reaction * Herz reaction, Herz compounds * Herzig–Meyer alkimide group determination * Heumann indigo synthesis * Hiyama coupling * Hydration reaction * Hydroamination * Hydrodesulfurization * Hydrogenolysis *

Hydrosilylation Hydrosilylation, also called catalytic hydrosilation, describes the addition of Si-H bonds across unsaturated bonds."Hydrosilylation A Comprehensive Review on Recent Advances" B. Marciniec (ed.), Advances in Silicon Science, Springer Science, 2009 ...

* Hinsberg indole synthesis * Hinsberg oxindole synthesis *

Hinsberg reaction The Hinsberg reaction is a chemical test for the detection of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. The reaction was first described by Oscar Hinsberg in 1890. In this test, the amine is shaken well with Hinsberg reagent in the presence of aqueo ...

* Hinsberg separation * Hinsberg sulfone synthesis *

Hirao coupling The Hirao coupling (also called the Hirao reaction or the Hirao cross-coupling) is the chemical reaction involving the palladium- catalyzed cross-coupling of a dialkyl phosphite and an aryl halide to form a phosphonate In organic chemistry, ph ...

* Hoch–Campbell ethylenimine synthesis * Hock rearrangement * Hofmann bromamide reaction * Hofmann degradation, Exhaustive methylation * Hofmann elimination * Hofmann Isonitrile synthesis,

* Hofmann product *

Hofmann rearrangement The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one fewer carbon atom. The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to gi ...

* Hofmann–Löffler reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction * Hofmann–Martius rearrangement * Hofmann's rule * Hofmann–Sand reaction * Homo rearrangement of steroids * Hooker reaction * Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction *

Hoesch reaction The Hoesch reaction or Houben–Hoesch reaction is an organic reaction in which a nitrile reacts with an arene compound to form an aryl ketone. The reaction is a type of Friedel-Crafts acylation with hydrogen chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst. ...

* Hosomi–Sakurai reaction * Houben–Fischer synthesis * Hudlicky fluorination * Huisgen cycloaddition * Hunsdiecker reaction, Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction * Hurd-Mori 1,2,3-thiadiazole synthesis *

Hydroboration In organic chemistry, hydroboration refers to the addition of a hydrogen-boron bond to certain double and triple bonds involving carbon (, , , and ). This chemical reaction is useful in the organic synthesis of organic compounds. Hydroboration p ...

* Hydrocarbon cracking * Hydrohalogenation

I

* Indium mediated allylation * Ing–Manske procedure * Ipso substitution * Ireland–Claisen rearrangement * Isay reaction * Ishikawa reagent * ''trans-cis'' isomerism * Ivanov reagent, Ivanov reaction

J

* Jacobsen epoxidation * Jacobsen rearrangement * Janovsky reaction * Japp–Klingemann reaction * Japp–Maitland condensation * Jocic reaction * Johnson–Claisen rearrangement *

Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction The Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky reaction (sometimes referred to as the Corey–Chaykovsky reaction or CCR) is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for the synthesis of epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes. It was discovered in 1961 b ...

Jones oxidation The Jones oxidation is an organic reaction for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carboxylic acids and ketones, respectively. It is named after its discoverer, Sir Ewart Jones. The reaction was an early method for the oxidation of ...

* Jordan–Ullmann–Goldberg synthesis *

Julia olefination The Julia olefination (also known as the Julia–Lythgoe olefination) is the chemical reaction used in organic chemistry of phenyl sulfones (1) with aldehydes (or ketones) to give alkenes (olefins)(3) after alcohol functionalization and reductive ...

, Julia–Lythgoe olefination

K

* Kabachnik–Fields reaction * Kharasch–Sosnovsky reaction * Keck asymmetric allylation * Ketimine Mannich reaction * Ketone halogenation * Kiliani–Fischer synthesis * Kindler reaction * Kishner cyclopropane synthesis * Knoevenagel condensation * Knorr pyrazole synthesis *

Knorr pyrrole synthesis The Knorr pyrrole synthesis is a widely used chemical reaction that synthesizes substituted pyrroles (3). The method involves the reaction of an α-amino-ketone (1) and a compound containing an electron-withdrawing group (e.g. an ester as shown) � ...

* Knorr quinoline synthesis * Koch–Haaf reaction * Kochi reaction * Koenigs–Knorr reaction *

Kolbe electrolysis __NOTOC__ The Kolbe electrolysis or Kolbe reaction is an organic reaction named after Hermann Kolbe. The Kolbe reaction is formally a decarboxylative dimerisation of two carboxylic acids (or carboxylate ions). The overall reaction is: : If a ...

* Kolbe nitrile synthesis *

Kolbe–Schmitt reaction The Kolbe–Schmitt reaction or Kolbe process (named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt) is a carboxylation chemical reaction that proceeds by heating sodium phenoxide (the sodium salt of phenol) with carbon dioxide under pressure (100 at ...

* Kornblum oxidation * Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement * Kostanecki acylation * Kowalski ester homologation * Krapcho decarboxylation * Krische allylation * Kröhnke aldehyde synthesis * Kröhnke oxidation * Kröhnke pyridine synthesis * Kucherov reaction * Kuhn–Winterstein reaction * Kulinkovich reaction *

Kumada coupling In organic chemistry, the Kumada coupling is a type of cross coupling reaction, useful for generating carbon–carbon bonds by the reaction of a Grignard reagent and an organic halide. The procedure uses transition metal catalysts, typically ...

L

Larock indole synthesis The Larock indole synthesis is a heteroannulation reaction that uses palladium as a catalyst to synthesize indoles from an ortho-iodoaniline and a disubstituted alkyne. It is also known as Larock heteroannulation. The reaction is extremely versatil ...

* Lawesson's reagent * Lebedev process * Lehmstedt–Tanasescu reaction * Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis * Letts nitrile synthesis *

Leuckart reaction The Leuckart reaction is the chemical reaction that converts aldehydes or ketones to amines by reductive amination in the presence of heat. The reaction, named after Rudolf Leuckart, uses either ammonium formate or formamide as the nitrogen do ...

* Leuckart thiophenol reaction * Leuckart–Wallach reaction * Leuckart amide synthesis * Levinstein process * Ley oxidation * Lieben iodoform reaction,

* Liebeskind–Srogl coupling * Liebig melamine synthesis * Lindlar catalyst * Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation *

Lombardo methylenation In organic chemistry, the Lombardo methylenation is a name reaction that allows for the methylenation of carbonyl compounds with the use of Lombardo's reagent, which is a mix of zinc, dibromomethane, and titanium tetrachloride. Applications The L ...

* Lossen rearrangement * Lucas' reagent * Luche reduction

M

Maillard reaction The Maillard reaction ( ; ) is a chemical reaction between Amino acid, amino acids and Reducing sugar, reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor. Searing, Seared steaks, fried dumplings, cookies and other kinds of biscuits, b ...

Madelung synthesis The Madelung synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces (substituted or unsubstituted) indoles by the intramolecular cyclization of N-phenylamides using strong base at high temperature. The Madelung synthesis was reported in 1912 by Walter Ma ...

* Malaprade reaction, Periodic acid oxidation *

Malonic ester synthesis The malonic ester synthesis is a chemical reaction where diethyl malonate or another ester of malonic acid is alkylated at the carbon alpha (directly adjacent) to both carbonyl groups, and then converted to a substituted acetic acid. The major ...

Mannich reaction In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl () functional group by formaldehyde () and a primary or secondary amine () or ammonia (). ...

Markó–Lam deoxygenation The Markó–Lam deoxygenation is an organic chemistry reaction where the hydroxy functional group in an organic compound is replaced by a hydrogen atom to give an alkyl group. The Markó-Lam reaction is a variant of the Bouveault–Blanc reduction ...

* Markovnikov's rule, Markownikoff rule, Markownikow rule * Marschalk reaction * Martinet dioxindole synthesis * McDougall monoprotection * McFadyen–Stevens reaction * McMurry reaction * Meerwein arylation *

Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction The Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction in organic chemistry is the reduction of ketones and aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols utilizing aluminium alkoxide catalysis in the presence of a sacrificial alcohol. The advantages of th ...

* Meisenheimer rearrangement * Meissenheimer complex *

Menshutkin reaction In organic chemistry, the Menshutkin reaction converts a tertiary amine into a quaternary ammonium salt by reaction with an alkyl halide. Similar reactions occur when tertiary phosphines are treated with alkyl halides. The reaction is the meth ...

* Metal-ion-catalyzed σ-bond rearrangement * Mesylation * Merckwald asymmetric synthesis * Metallo-ene reaction * Methylation * Meyer and Hartmann reaction * Meyer reaction * Meyer synthesis * Meyer–Schuster rearrangement *

Michael addition In organic chemistry, the Michael reaction or Michael addition is a reaction between a Michael donor (an enolate or other nucleophile) and a Michael acceptor (usually an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl) to produce a Michael adduct by creating a carbon ...

, Michael system * Michael condensation *

Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction The Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction (also called the Arbuzov reaction) is the chemical reaction of a trivalent phosphorus ester with an alkyl halide to form a pentavalent phosphorus species and another alkyl halide. The picture below shows the most c ...

* Midland Alpine borane reduction * Mignonac reaction *

Milas hydroxylation The Milas hydroxylation is an organic reaction converting an alkene to a vicinal diol, and was developed by Nicholas A. Milas in the 1930s. The cis-diol is formed by reaction of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide and either ultraviolet light or a cat ...

of olefins * Minisci reaction * Mislow–Evans rearrangement *

Mitsunobu reaction The Mitsunobu reaction is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into a variety of functional groups, such as an ester, using triphenylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate such as diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) or diisopropyl azodicarboxylat ...

* Miyaura borylation * Modified Wittig-Claisen tandem reaction * Molisch's test *

Mozingo reduction The Mozingo reduction, also known as Mozingo reaction or thioketal reduction, is a chemical reaction capable of fully reducing a ketone or aldehyde to the corresponding alkane via a dithioacetal. The reaction scheme is as follows: The ketone o ...

* Mukaiyama aldol addition ( Mukaiyama reaction) * Mukaiyama hydration * Myers' asymmetric alkylation

N

* Nametkin rearrangement * Narasaka–Prasad reduction * Nazarov cyclization reaction * Neber rearrangement * Nef reaction *

Negishi coupling The Negishi coupling is a widely employed transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The reaction couples organic halides or triflates with organozinc compounds, forming carbon-carbon bonds (C-C) in the process. A palladium (0) specie ...

* Negishi zipper reaction *

Nenitzescu indole synthesis The Nenitzescu indole synthesis is a chemical reaction that forms 5-hydroxyindole derivatives from benzoquinone and β-aminocrotonic esters. This reaction was named for its discoverer, Costin Nenițescu, who first reported it in 1929. It can b ...

* Nenitzescu reductive acylation * Newman–Kwart rearrangement * Nicholas reaction * Niementowski quinazoline synthesis * Niementowski quinoline synthesis * Nierenstein reaction * NIH shift * Ninhydrin test * Nitroaldol reaction * Nitrone-olefin 3+2 cycloaddition * Normant reagents *

Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation In chemistry, the Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation refers to methodology for enantioselective reduction of ketones and related functional groups. This methodology was introduced by Ryoji Noyori, who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001 for c ...

* Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction *

Nucleophilic acyl substitution Nucleophilic acyl substitution describe a class of substitution reactions involving nucleophiles and acyl compounds. In this type of reaction, a nucleophile – such as an alcohol, amine, or enolate – displaces the leaving group of an acyl deriv ...

O

* Ohira–Bestmann reaction * Olah reagent *

* Oppenauer oxidation * Ostromyslenskii reaction, Ostromisslenskii reaction *

Overman rearrangement The Overman rearrangement is a chemical reaction that can be described as a Claisen rearrangement of allylic alcohols to give allylic trichloroacetamides through an imidate intermediate. The Overman rearrangement was discovered in 1974 by Larry Ove ...

* Oxidative decarboxylation * Oxo synthesis * Oxy-Cope rearrangement * Oxymercuration * Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones *

Ozonolysis In organic chemistry, ozonolysis is an organic reaction where the unsaturated bonds of alkenes (), alkynes (), or azo compounds () are cleaved with ozone (). Alkenes and alkynes form organic compounds in which the multiple carbon–carbon b ...

P

* Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis * Paal–Knorr synthesis * Paneth technique * Passerini reaction *

Paternò–Büchi reaction The Paternò–Büchi reaction, named after Emanuele Paternò and George Büchi, who established its basic utility and form, is a photochemical reaction, specifically a 2+2 photocycloaddition, which forms four-membered oxetane rings from an excit ...

* Pauson–Khand reaction * Payne rearrangement *

Pechmann condensation The Pechmann condensation is a synthesis of coumarins, starting from a phenol and a carboxylic acid or ester containing a β-carbonyl group. The condensation is performed under acidic conditions. The mechanism involves an esterification/transes ...

Pechmann pyrazole synthesis Pyrazole is an organic compound with the chemical formula, formula C3H3N2H. It is a heterocycle characterized by a 5-membered ring of three carbon atoms and two adjacent nitrogen atoms, which are in Arene substitution pattern, ortho-substitution. ...

* Pellizzari reaction * Pelouze synthesis *

Peptide synthesis In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds. Peptides are chemically synthesized by the condensation reaction of the carboxyl ...

* Perkin alicyclic synthesis *

Perkin reaction The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin that is used to make cinnamic acids. It gives an α,β-unsaturated aromatic acid or α-substituted β-aryl acrylic acid by the aldol condensation of a ...

* Perkin rearrangement *

Perkow reaction The Perkow reaction is an organic reaction in which a trialkyl phosphite ester reacts with a haloketone to form a dialkyl vinyl phosphate and an alkyl halide. In the related Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction the same reactants are known to form a be ...

* Petasis reaction *

Petasis reagent The Petasis reagent, named after Nicos A. Petasis, is an organotitanium compound with the formula Cp2Ti(CH3)2. It is an orange-colored solid. Preparation and use The Petasis reagent is prepared by the salt metathesis reaction of methylmagnesium ...

* Peterson olefination * Peterson reaction * Petrenko-Kritschenko piperidone synthesis * Pfau–Plattner azulene synthesis * Pfitzinger reaction * Pfitzner–Moffatt oxidation * Phosphonium coupling *

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored i ...

* Piancatelli rearrangement * Pictet–Gams isoquinoline synthesis * Pictet–Hubert reaction * Pictet–Spengler tetrahydroisoquinoline synthesis * Pictet–Spengler reaction * Piloty–Robinson pyrrole synthesis *

Pinacol coupling reaction A pinacol coupling reaction is an organic reaction in which a carbon–carbon bond is formed between the carbonyl groups of an aldehyde or a ketone in presence of an electron donor in a free radical process. The reaction product is a vicinal diol. ...

Pinacol rearrangement The pinacol–pinacolone rearrangement is a method for converting a 1,2-diol to a carbonyl compound in organic chemistry. The 1,2-rearrangement takes place under acidic conditions. The name of the rearrangement reaction comes from the rearrangemen ...

* Pinner amidine synthesis * Pinner method for ortho esters * Pinner reaction * Pinner triazine synthesis * Pinnick oxidation * Piria reaction *

Polonovski reaction In chemistry, an amine oxide, also known as an amine ''N''-oxide or simply ''N''-oxide, is a chemical compound that contains the functional group , a nitrogen-oxygen coordinate covalent bond with three additional hydrogen and/or substituent-grou ...

* Pomeranz–Fritsch reaction * Ponzio reaction *

Prato reaction The Prato reaction is a particular example of the well-known 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to olefins. In fullerene chemistry this reaction refers to the functionalization of fullerenes and Carbon nanotube, nanotubes. The amino aci ...

* Prelog strain * Prevost reaction * Prileschajew reaction *

Prilezhaev reaction The Prilezhaev reaction, also known as the Prileschajew reaction or Prilezhaev epoxidation, is the chemical reaction of an alkene with a peroxy acid to form epoxides. It is named after Nikolai Prilezhaev, who first reported this reaction in 1909 ...

* Prins reaction * Prinzbach synthesis * Protecting group * Pschorr reaction *

Pummerer rearrangement The Pummerer rearrangement is an organic reaction whereby an alkyl sulfoxide rearranges to an α- acyloxy–thioether (mono thioacetal-ester) in the presence of acetic anhydride. The stoichiometry of the reaction is: :RS(O)CHR'2 + Ac2O → ...

* Purdie methylation, Irvine–Purdie methylation * PUREX

Q

* Quelet reaction

R

Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction The Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction is an organic reaction converting an α-halo sulfone into an alkene in presence of a base with extrusion of sulfur dioxide. The reaction is named after the two Swedish chemists Ludwig Ramberg and Birger Bäcklund ...

* Raney nickel * Rap–Stoermer condensation * Raschig phenol process * Rauhut–Currier reaction *

Racemization In chemistry, racemization is a conversion, by heat or by chemical reaction, of an optically active compound into a racemic (optically inactive) form. This creates a 1:1 molar ratio of enantiomers and is referred too as a racemic mixture (i.e. conta ...

Reductive amination Reductive amination (also known as reductive alkylation) is a form of amination that involves the conversion of a carbonyl group to an amine via an intermediate imine. The carbonyl group is most commonly a ketone or an aldehyde. It is considered ...

* Reductive dehalogenation of halo ketones * Reed reaction * Reformatskii reaction,

Reformatsky reaction The Reformatsky reaction (sometimes misspelled Reformatskii reaction) is an organic reaction which condenses aldehydes or ketones with α-halo esters using metallic zinc to form β-hydroxy-esters: The organozinc reagent, also called a 'Reforma ...

* Reilly–Hickinbottom rearrangement * Reimer–Tiemann reaction * Reissert indole synthesis * Reissert reaction, Reissert compound * Reppe synthesis * Retropinacol rearrangement * Rieche formylation *

Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis The Riemschneider thiocarbamate synthesis converts alkyl or aryl thiocyanates to thiocarbamates under acidic conditions, followed by hydrolysis with ice water. The reaction was discovered by the German chemist in 1951 as a more efficient method to ...

* Riley oxidations * Ring closing metathesis * Ring opening metathesis * Ritter reaction *

Robinson annulation The Robinson annulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for ring formation. It was discovered by Robert Robinson in 1935 as a method to create a six membered ring by forming three new carbon–carbon bonds. The method uses a keto ...

Robinson–Gabriel synthesis The Robinson–Gabriel synthesis is an organic reaction in which a 2-acylamino-ketone reacts intramolecularly followed by a dehydration to give an oxazole. A cyclodehydrating agent is needed to catalyze the reaction It is named after Sir Robert Ro ...

* Robinson Schopf reaction * Rosenmund reaction * Rosenmund reduction * Rosenmund–von Braun synthesis * Roskamp reaction * Rothemund reaction * Rupe rearrangement *

Rubottom oxidation The Rubottom oxidation is a useful, high-yielding chemical reaction between silyl enol ethers and peroxyacids to give the corresponding α-hydroxy carbonyl product.Kürti, pp. 388–389.

* Ruff–Fenton degradation * Ruzicka large-ring synthesis

S

* Saegusa–Ito oxidation *

Sakurai reaction The Sakurai reaction (also known as the Hosomi–Sakurai reaction) is the chemical reaction of carbon electrophiles (such as a ketone shown here) with allyltrimethylsilane catalyzed by strong Lewis acids. Lewis acid activation is essential for c ...

* Salol reaction * Sandheimer * Sandmeyer diphenylurea isatin synthesis * Sandmeyer isonitrosoacetanilide isatin synthesis *

Sandmeyer reaction The Sandmeyer reaction is a chemical reaction used to synthesize aryl halides from aryl diazonium salts using copper salts as reagents or catalysts. It is an example of a radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The Sandmeyer reaction provide ...

* Sanger reagent *

Saponification Saponification is a process of converting esters into soaps and alcohols by the action of aqueous alkali (for example, aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions). Soaps are salts of fatty acids, which in turn are carboxylic acids with long carbon chains. ...

Sarett oxidation The Sarett oxidation is an organic reaction that oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, using chromium trioxide and pyridine. Unlike the similar Jones oxidation, the Sarett oxidation will not further ox ...

* Schiemann reaction * Schiff reaction * Schiff test *

Schlenk equilibrium Schlenk can refer to: People * Wilhelm Schlenk (1879-1943), German chemist In chemistry * Schlenk flask * Schlenk line The Schlenk line (also vacuum gas manifold) is a commonly used chemistry apparatus developed by Wilhelm Schlenk. It consists ...

* Schlosser modification * Schlosser variant * Schmidlin ketene synthesis * Schmidt degradation * Schmidt reaction *

Scholl reaction The Scholl reaction is a coupling reaction between two arene compounds with the aid of a Lewis acid and a protic acid.Grzybowski, M., Skonieczny, K., Butenschön, H. and Gryko, D. T. (2013), ''Comparison of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling and the Schol ...

* Schorigin Shorygin reaction, Shorygin reaction, Wanklyn reaction * Schotten–Baumann reaction *

Seliwanoff's test Seliwanoff’s test is a chemical test which distinguishes between aldose and ketose sugars. If the sugar contains a ketone group, it is a ketose. If a sugar contains an aldehyde group, it is an aldose. This test relies on the principle that, w ...

* Semidine rearrangement * Semmler–Wolff reaction * Seyferth–Gilbert homologation * Shapiro reaction * Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation *

Sharpless epoxidation The Sharpless epoxidation reaction is an enantioselective chemical reaction to prepare 2,3-epoxyalcohols from primary and secondary allylic alcohols. The oxidizing agent is ''tert''-butyl hydroperoxide. The method relies on a catalyst formed fro ...

* Sharpless oxyamination or aminohydroxylation * Shenck ene reaction *

Shi epoxidation The Shi epoxidation is a chemical reaction described as the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes with oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate) and a fructose-derived catalyst (1). This reaction is thought to proceed via a dioxirane intermediate, generated ...

Sigmatropic reaction A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular reaction. The name ''sigmatropic'' is the result of a compounding of the lo ...

Simmons–Smith reaction The Simmons–Smith reaction is an organic reaction, organic cheletropic reaction involving an organozinc compound, organozinc carbenoid that reacts with an alkene (or alkyne) to form a cyclopropane. It is named after Howard Ensign Simmons, Jr. an ...

* Simonini reaction * Simonis chromone cyclization * Simons process * Skraup chinolin synthesis * Skraup reaction * Smiles rearrangement * S_NAr nucleophilic aromatic substitution * S_N1 * S_N2 * S_Ni *

Solvolysis In chemistry, solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (S1/S2) or elimination reaction, elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of S1 reactions, solvolysis of a chirality (chemistry), chiral reactant affor ...

Sommelet reaction The Sommelet reaction is an organic reaction in which a benzyl halide is converted to an aldehyde by action of hexamine and water. : One example, thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde is prepared by the reaction of hexamine with 2-chloromethylthiophene. Th ...

* Sonn–Müller method *

Sonogashira coupling The Sonogashira reaction is a cross-coupling reaction used in organic synthesis to form carbon–carbon bonds. It employs a palladium catalyst as well as copper co-catalyst to form a carbon–carbon bond between a terminal alkyne and an aryl or v ...

* Sørensen formol titration * Staedel–Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis * Stahl oxidation * Staudinger reaction * Staudinger synthesis * Steglich esterification * Stephen aldehyde synthesis * Stetter reaction *

Stevens rearrangement The Stevens rearrangement in organic chemistry is an organic reaction converting quaternary ammonium salts and sulfonium salts to the corresponding amines or sulfides in presence of a strong base in a 1,2-rearrangement. The reactants can b ...

* Stieglitz rearrangement * Stille coupling *

Stobbe condensation The Claisen condensation is a carbon–carbon bond forming reaction that occurs between two esters or one ester and another carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong base, resulting in a β-keto ester or a β-diketone. It is named after Ra ...

Stollé synthesis The Stollé synthesis is a series of chemical reactions that produce oxindoles from anilines and α-haloacid chlorides (or oxalyl chloride). The first step is an amide coupling, while the second step is a Friedel–Crafts reaction. An improved p ...

* Stork acylation *

Stork enamine alkylation The Stork enamine alkylation involves the addition of an enamine to a Michael acceptor (e.g, an enone, α,β -unsaturated carbonyl compound) or another electrophilic alkylation reagent to give an alkylated iminium product, which is hydrolyzed by d ...

* Strecker amino acid synthesis * Strecker degradation * Strecker sulfite alkylation *

Strecker synthesis The Strecker amino acid synthesis, also known simply as the Strecker synthesis, is a method for the synthesis of amino acids by the reaction of an aldehyde with ammonia in the presence of potassium cyanide. The condensation reaction yields an α- ...

* Stereocontrolled 1,2-addition to carbonyl groups * Suzuki coupling * Swain equation * Swarts reaction *

Swern oxidation The Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde or ketone using oxalyl chloride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and an organic base, such as triethylamine. It is one ...

T

* Tamao oxidation * Tafel rearrangement * Takai olefination * Tebbe olefination * ter Meer reaction * Thiele reaction *

Thiol-yne reaction The thiol-yne reaction (also known as alkyne hydrothiolation) is an organic reaction between a thiol and an alkyne. The reaction product is an alkenyl sulfide. The reaction was first reported in 1949 with thioacetic acid as reagent and rediscovere ...

Thorpe reaction The Thorpe reaction is a chemical reaction described as a self-condensation of aliphatic nitriles catalyzed by base to form enamines. The reaction was discovered by Jocelyn Field Thorpe. Thorpe–Ziegler reaction The Thorpe–Ziegler reaction ...

* Tiemann rearrangement * Tiffeneau ring enlargement reaction * Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement * Tischtschenko reaction * Tishchenko reaction, Tishchenko–Claisen reaction *

Tollens reagent Tollens' reagent (chemical formula Ag(NH3)2OH) is a chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones along with some alpha-hydroxy ketones which can tautomerize into aldehydes. The reagent consists of a solution of silver nitr ...

Transfer hydrogenation In chemistry, transfer hydrogenation is a chemical reaction involving the addition of hydrogen to a compound from a source other than molecular . It is applied in laboratory and industrial organic synthesis to saturate organic compounds and redu ...

*Trapp mixture *Transesterification *Traube purine synthesis *Truce–Smiles rearrangement *Tscherniac–Einhorn reaction *Tschitschibabin reaction *Chugaev reaction, Tschugajeff reaction *Tsuji–Trost reaction *Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation reaction *Twitchell process *Tyrer sulfonation process

U

*Ugi reaction *Ullmann reaction *Upjohn dihydroxylation *Urech cyanohydrin method *Urech hydantoin synthesis

V

*Van Leusen reaction *Van Slyke determination *Varrentrapp reaction *Vilsmeier reaction *Vilsmeier–Haack reaction *Voight amination *Volhard–Erdmann cyclization *von Braun amide degradation *von Braun reaction *von Richter cinnoline synthesis *von Richter reaction

W

*Wacker–Tsuji oxidation *Wagner-Jauregg reaction *Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement *Waits–Scheffer epoxidation *Walden inversion *Wallach rearrangement *Weerman degradation *Weinreb ketone synthesis *Wenker ring closure *Wenker synthesis *Wessely–Moser rearrangement *Westphalen–Lettré rearrangement *Wharton reaction *Whiting reaction *Wichterle reaction *Widman–Stoermer synthesis *Wilkinson catalyst *Willgerodt rearrangement *Willgerodt–Kindler reaction *Williamson ether synthesis *Winstein reaction *Wittig reaction *Wittig rearrangement: ** 1,2-Wittig rearrangement ** 2,3-Wittig rearrangement *Wittig–Horner reaction *Wohl degradation *Wohl–Aue reaction *Wohler synthesis *Wohl–Ziegler reaction *Wolffenstein–Böters reaction *Wolff rearrangement *Wolff–Kishner reduction *Woodward cis-hydroxylation *Woodward–Hoffmann rule *Wulff–Dötz reaction *Wurtz coupling, Wurtz reaction *Wurtz–Fittig reaction

Y

*Purine, Yamada–Okamoto purine synthesis *Yamaguchi esterification

Z

*Zaitsev's rule *Zeisel determination *Zerevitinov determination, Zerewitinoff determination *Ziegler condensation *Ziegler method *Zimmermann reaction *Zincke disulfide cleavage *Zincke nitration *Zincke reaction *Zincke–Suhl reaction *Zinin reduction

References

External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Organic reactions Chemistry-related lists

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