List of new religious movements
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new religious movement A new religious movement (NRM), also known as alternative spirituality or a new religion, is a religious or Spirituality, spiritual group that has modern origins and is peripheral to its society's dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in ...
(NRM) is a
religious Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...
, ethical, or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern origins. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in categorizing groups as new religious movements. The term is broad and inclusive, rather than sharply defined. New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a society's traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal conventions. A NRM may be one of a wide range of movements ranging from those with loose affiliations based on novel approaches to
spirituality The meaning of ''spirituality'' has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape ...
or
religion Religion is usually defined as a social- cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatur ...
to
communitarian Communitarianism is a philosophy that emphasizes the connection between the individual and the community. Its overriding philosophy is based upon the belief that a person's social identity and personality are largely molded by community relati ...
enterprises that demand a considerable amount of group conformity and a social identity that
separates ''Separates'' is the second album by English punk rock band 999, released in 1978. ''Separates'' was released in the United States under the title ''High Energy Plan'', with a different cover and slightly altered track listing; on ''High Energ ...
their adherents from mainstream society. Use of the term NRM is not universally accepted among the groups to which it is applied. Scholars have estimated that NRMs now number in the tens of thousands worldwide, with most in Asia and Africa. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and very few have more than a million. Academics occasionally propose amendments to technical definitions and continue to add new groups.


List

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3HO 3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization), also known as Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere or Sikh Dharma International (not the Sikh Dharm originated from Punjab region of India), is an American organization that started in 1969. It was founded ...
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Harbhajan Singh Khalsa Harbhajan Singh Khalsa (born Harbhajan Singh Puri) (August 26, 1929 – October 6, 2004), also known as Yogi Bhajan and Siri Singh Sahib to his followers, was an Indian-born American entrepreneur, yoga guru, and spiritual teacher. He introduc ...
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Sikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...
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Adidam Adi Da Samraj, born Franklin Albert Jones (November 3, 1939 – November 27, 2008) was an American-born spiritual teacher, writer and artist. He was the founder of a new religious movement known as Adidam. Adi Da initially became known in the ...
, previously Free Daist Communion, Dawn Horse Fellowship, etc. , ,
Adi Da Adi Da Samraj, born Franklin Albert Jones (November 3, 1939 – November 27, 2008) was an American-born spiritual teacher, writer and artist. He was the founder of a new religious movement known as Adidam. Adi Da initially became known in the ...
, , , , Neo-Hindu-inspired , , , - , Adonai-Shomo , , Frederick T. Howland , , , ,
Adventist Adventism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that believes in the imminent Second Coming (or the "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ. It originated in the 1830s in the United States during the Second Great Awakening when Baptist preacher W ...

Communal , , , - ,
Adonism Adonism is a Neopagan religion founded in 1925 by the German esotericist Franz Sättler (1884 – c.1942), who often went by the pseudonym of Dr. Musalam. Although Sättler claimed that it was the continuation of an ancient pagan religion, it has ...
, , Franz Sättler , , , , Modern Pagan , , , - , Adventures in Enlightenment, A Foundation , , Terry Cole-Whittaker , , , ,
Religious Science The Religious Science movement, or Science of Mind, was established in 1927 by Ernest Holmes (1887–1960) and is a spiritual, philosophical and metaphysical religious movement within the New Thought movement. In general, the term "Scie ...
, , , - , Aetherius Society , ,
George King George King may refer to: Politics * George King (Australian politician) (1814–1894), New South Wales and Queensland politician * George King, 3rd Earl of Kingston (1771–1839), Irish nobleman and MP for County Roscommon * George Clift King (184 ...
, , , ,
UFO An unidentified flying object (UFO), more recently renamed by US officials as a UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon), is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained. On investigation, most UFOs are ide ...
-
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
, , , - , The African Church , , Jacob Kehinde Coker , , , ,
Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of t ...
, , Omoyajowo 1995, pp. xv, 113. , - ,
African initiated church An African-initiated church (AIC) is a Christian church independently started in Africa by Africans rather than chiefly by missionaries from another continent. Nomenclature A variety of overlapping terms exist for these forms of Christianity: Af ...
es , , Multiple , , , , Syncretistic
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
- Indigenous , , , - , African Theological Archministry, previously Order of Damballah Hwedo Ancestor Priests, Shango Temple, and Yoruba Temple , , Walter Eugene King , , , ,
Afro-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslav ...

Voodoo , , , - ,
Agasha Temple of Wisdom The Agasha Temple of Wisdom is a spiritualist group founded in 1943 by Richard Zenor. After the publication of James Crenshaw's book ''Telephone Between Two Worlds'' in 1950, in which both Zenor and the temple were prominently featured, the temple ...
, , Richard Zenor , , , ,
Spiritualism Spiritualism is the metaphysical school of thought opposing physicalism and also is the category of all spiritual beliefs/views (in monism and dualism) from ancient to modern. In the long nineteenth century, Spiritualism (when not lowercase ...
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Agni Yoga Agni Yoga (russian: А́гни Йо́га) or the Living Ethics (russian: links=no, Жива́я Э́тика), or the Teaching of Life (russian: links=no, Уче́ние Жи́зни), is a Neo-Theosophical religious doctrine transmitted by ...
( Roerichism) , ,
Helena Roerich Helena Ivanovna Roerich (born Shaposhnikova; russian: Елéна Ивáновна Рéрих; 12 February 1879 – 5 October 1955) was a Russian theosophist, writer, and public figure. In the early 20th century, she created, in cooperation with t ...
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Nicholas Roerich Nicholas Roerich (; October 9, 1874 – December 13, 1947), also known as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh (russian: link=no, Никола́й Константи́нович Ре́рих), was a Russian painter, writer, archaeologist, theosophi ...
, , , , Neo-Theosophical , , , - ,
Ahmadiyya Ahmadiyya (, ), officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (AMJ, ar, الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية, al-Jamāʿah al-Islāmīyah al-Aḥmadīyah; ur, , translit=Jamā'at Aḥmadiyyah Musl ...
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Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Mirzā Ghulām Ahmad (13 February 1835 – 26 May 1908) was an Indian religious leader and the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam. He claimed to have been divinely appointed as the promised Messiah and Mahdi—which is the metapho ...
, , , , Messianic
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...
, , , - , Aiyy Faith, previously Kut-Siur , , Lazar Afanasyev alias Téris , , , , Modern Pagan
Neo- Tengrist , , , - ,
Aladura The term "Aladura" means "praying person" in Yoruba. Aladura is a classification of indigenous churches in south-western Nigeria that started in the early 20th century. These churches believe in the efficacy of prayers and practical guidance by ...
, , Josiah Ositelu , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementAlamo Christian Foundation The Alamo Christian Foundation was an American cult founded in 1969 by Christian evangelist Tony Alamo and one of his wives, Susan Alamo. Susan Alamo died in April 1982. After years of legal troubles during which he was accused of engaging in ab ...
, Alamo Christian Church, Consecrated, Alamo Christian Ministries, and Music Square Church , , Tony Alamo; Susan Alamo , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...

Communal , , , - , Altruria , , Edward Biron Payne , , , ,
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

Communal , , , - , American Buddhist Movement , , , , , ,
Western Buddhism Buddhism in the West (or more narrowly Western Buddhism) broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside of Asia in the Western world. Occasional intersections between Western civilization and the Buddhist world have been occu ...
, , , - , American Buddhist Society and Fellowship, Inc. , , Robert Ernest Dickhoff , , , ,
Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...
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American World Patriarchs American World Patriarchs is a Christianity, Christian religious organization established in 1967. Founding The group was founded by Uladyslau Ryzhy-Ryzhski, a priest from Belarus who had been consecrated as bishop of Laconia, New Hampshire and the ...
, , Uladyslau Ryzy-Ryski , , , ,
Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonical ...
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Amica Temple of Radiance The Amica Temple of Radiance is a new religious movement begun in 1959 in Los Angeles by Roland Hunt and Dorothy Bailey based on the teachings of Ivah Bergh Whitten. Whitten had been diagnosed as a child with a disease considered incurable and ...
, , Ivah Berg Whitten , , , , Neo-Theosophical , , , - , Anand Ashram: Center for Holistic Health and Meditation , ,
Anand Krishna Anand may refer to: People * Anand (name), a surname and given name (including a list of people with the name) * Anand (actor), Indian actor * Anand (Maoist), Indian communist * Anand (writer) (born 1936), Indian Malayalam writer Places * Anan ...
, , , , Syncretistic neo-Hindu
Sathya Sai Baba Sathya Sai Baba (born Ratnakaram Sathyanarayana Raju; 23 November 192624 April 2011) was an Indian guru. At the age of fourteen he claimed that he was the reincarnation of Shirdi Sai Baba, and left his home to serve his devotees. Sai Baba's ...
, , , - , Ananda Ashrama , , Paramananda , , , , Neo-Hindu
Neo-Vedanta Neo-Vedanta, also called Hindu modernism, neo-Hinduism, Global Hinduism and Hindu Universalism, are terms to characterize interpretations of Hinduism that developed in the 19th century. The term "Neo-Vedanta" was coined by German Indologist ...
, , , - ,
Ananda Marga Ānanda Mārga ("The Path of Bliss", also spelled Anand Marg and Ananda Marg) or officially Ānanda Mārga Pracāraka Saṃgha (organization for the propagation of the path of bliss), is a world-wide socio-spiritual organisation founded in J ...
, , Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar , , , , Neo-Hindu
Tantric , , , - , Ananda movement, incl. Ananda World Brotherhood Colonies and Ananda Church of Self-Realization , ,
Kriyananda Kriyananda (born James Donald Walters; May 19, 1926 – April 21, 2013) was an American Hindu religious leader, yoga guru, musician, and an author. He was a direct disciple of Paramahansa Yogananda, and founder of the spiritual movement nam ...
, , , , Neo-Hindu
Self-Realization Fellowship , , , - , Anandamayee Sangha, officially, Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha , ,
Anandamayi Ma Anandamayi Ma (''née'' Nirmala Sundari; 30 April 1896 – 27 August 1982) was an Indian saint and yoga guru, described by Sivananda Saraswati (of the Divine Life Society) as he most perfect flower the Indian soil has produced Precognition, ...
, , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - ,
Ancient British Church in North America The Ancient British Church in North America is a denomination founded by Jonathan Vartan Zotique and based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Although it identifies with Catholic and E. Orthodox traditions, it is in communion with neither the Roman ...
, , Jonathan V. Zotique , , , , Homosexually oriented Christian , , , - ,
Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis The Ancient and Mystical Order Rosæ Crucis (AMORC), also known as the ''Rosicrucian Order'', is the largest Rosicrucian organization in the world. It has various lodges, chapters and other affiliated bodies throughout the globe, operating in ...
, , H. Spencer Lewis , , , ,
Rosicrucianism Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking it ...
, , , - ,
Ancient Teachings of the Masters Ancient Teaching of the Masters (ATOM) was an American religious group founded by Darwin Gross in 1983. Darwin Gross was an American Army veteran, vibraphone musician, and religious leader. For ten years, he was idolised as the spiritual and corp ...
(ATOM) , , Darwin Gross , , , ,
Sant Mat Sant Mat was a spiritual movement on the Indian subcontinent during the 13th–17th centuries CE. The name literally means "teachings of sants", i.e. mystic Hindu saints. Through association and seeking truth by following '' sants'' and their te ...

Eckankar Eckankar is a new religious movement founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965. Its membership today is primarily in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The spiritual home is the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen, Minnesota. Eckankar is not affiliate ...
, , , - , Anglo-Saxon Federation of America , , Howard B. Rand , , , ,
British Israelism British Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) is the British nationalist, pseudoarchaeological, pseudohistorical and pseudoreligious belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descenda ...
, , , - , Ansaaru Allah Community , , As Siddid Al Imaan Al Haahi Al Mahdi , , , , Black Islam , , , - , Ant Hill Kids , ,
Roch Thériault Roch Thériault (; May 16, 1947 – February 26, 2011) was a Canadian cult leader and convicted murderer. Thériault, a self-proclaimed prophet under the name Moïse , founded the Ant Hill Kids in 1977. They were a doomsday cult whose belief ...
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Seventh-day Adventist The Seventh-day Adventist Church is an Adventist Protestant Christian denomination which is distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the seventh day of the week in the Christian (Gregorian) and the Hebrew calendar, as the Sabbath, and ...
, , , - ,
Anthroposophy Anthroposophy is a spiritualist movement founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner that postulates the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world, accessible to human experience. Follower ...
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Anthroposophical Society The General Anthroposophical Society is an "association of people whose will it is to nurture the life of the soul, both in the individual and in human society, on the basis of a true knowledge of the spiritual world." As an organization, it is d ...
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Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 or 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as ...
, , , ,
Western esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
, , , - , Antiochian Catholic Church in America , , Gordon Mar Peter , , , ,
Independent Catholic Independent Catholicism is an independent sacramental movement of clergy and laity who self-identify as Catholic (most often as Old Catholic or as Independent Catholic) and form "micro-churches claiming apostolic succession and valid sacramen ...

Monophysite Monophysitism ( or ) or monophysism () is a Christological term derived from the Greek (, "alone, solitary") and (, a word that has many meanings but in this context means "nature"). It is defined as "a doctrine that in the person of the inca ...
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Antoinism Antoinism is a healing and Christian-oriented new religious movement founded in 1910 by Louis-Joseph Antoine (1846–1912) in Jemeppe-sur-Meuse, Seraing in Belgium. With a total of 64 temples, over forty reading rooms across the world and tho ...
, , Louis-Joseph Antoine , , , , Christian Healing , , , - ,
Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarean) The Apostolic Christian Church (ACC) is a worldwide Christian denomination from the Anabaptist tradition that practices credobaptism, closed communion, greeting other believers with a holy kiss, a capella worship in some branches (in others, sin ...
, ,
Samuel Heinrich Froehlich Samuel ''Šəmūʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Šămūʾēl''; ar, شموئيل or صموئيل '; el, Σαμουήλ ''Samouḗl''; la, Samūēl is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the bib ...
, , , , European Free-Church , , , - ,
Apostolic Christian Church of America The Apostolic Christian Church of America is an Anabaptist Christian denomination, based in the United States, and a branch of the Apostolic Christian Church. The denomination consists of approximately 90 congregations in the United States, Jap ...
, ,
Samuel Heinrich Froehlich Samuel ''Šəmūʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Šămūʾēl''; ar, شموئيل or صموئيل '; el, Σαμουήλ ''Samouḗl''; la, Samūēl is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the bib ...
, , , , European Free-Church , , , - , Apostolic Church , , Daniel Powell Williams , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementApostolic Church of Christ (Pentecostal) , , Johnnie Draft; Wallace Snow , , , ,
Apostolic Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementApostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God , , William Thomas Phillips , , , ,
Apostolic Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementArcane School , , Alice and Foster Bailey , , , , Neo-Theosophical , , , - ,
Arica School Oscar Ichazo (July 24, 1931 in Bolivia – March 26, 2020 in Kihei, Hawaii, USA) was a Bolivian and American philosopher and the originator of Integral Philosophy. In 1968, Ichazo founded the Arica School in Chile. An American headquarters was la ...
, ,
Oscar Ichazo Oscar Ichazo (July 24, 1931 in Bolivia – March 26, 2020 in Kihei, Hawaii, USA) was a Bolivian and American philosopher and the originator of Integral Philosophy. In 1968, Ichazo founded the Arica School in Chile. An American headquarters was lat ...
, , , ,
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality ...
, , , - , Arkeon , , Vito Carlo Moccia , , , ,
Reiki is a Japanese form of energy healing, a type of alternative medicine. Reiki practitioners use a technique called ''palm healing'' or ''hands-on healing'' through which a " universal energy" is said to be transferred through the palms of the ...

Roman Catholicism The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
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Art of Living Foundation The Art of Living Foundation is a volunteer-based, humanitarian and educational non-governmental organization (NGO). It was founded in 1981 by Ravi Shankar. The Art of Living Foundation has its centers in 180 countries. Art of Living offers s ...
, Association for Inner Growth and 'Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Preeth' , ,
Ravi Shankar Ravi Shankar (; born Robindro Shaunkor Chowdhury, sometimes spelled as Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury; 7 April 1920 – 11 December 2012) was an Indian sitarist and composer. A sitar virtuoso, he became the world's best-known export of North In ...
, , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - ,
Arya Samaj Arya Samaj ( hi, आर्य समाज, lit=Noble Society, ) is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by the sann ...
, ,
Dayananda Saraswati Dayanand Saraswati () (born Mool Shankar Tiwari; 2 February 1824 – 30 October 1883) also known as Maharshi Dayanand is an Indian philosopher, social leader and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement. His Magnum Opus is the book ...
, , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - ,
Aryan Nations Aryan Nations is a North American antisemitic, neo-Nazi, white supremacist organization that was originally based in Kootenai County, Idaho, about miles (4.4 km) north of the city of Hayden Lake. Richard Girnt Butler founded the group in ...
, Church of Jesus Christ Christian , ,
Wesley Swift Wesley A. Swift (September 6, 1913 – October 8, 1970) was a minister from Southern California who was known for his white supremacist views and was the central figure in Christian Identity from the 1940s until his death in 1970. Early life and ...
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British Israelism British Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) is the British nationalist, pseudoarchaeological, pseudohistorical and pseudoreligious belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descenda ...
, , , - , Ásatrú Folk Assembly , ,
Stephen McNallen Stephen Anthony McNallen (born October 15, 1948) is an American proponent of Heathenry, a modern Pagan new religious movement, and a white nationalist activist. He founded the Asatru Folk Assembly (AFA), which he led from 1994 until 2016, hav ...
, , , , Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism Polytheistic reconstructionism (or simply Reconstructionism) is an approach to modern paganism first emerging in the late 1960s to early 1970s, which gathered momentum starting in the 1990s. Reconstructionism attempts to re-establish genuine poly ...

Heathenry , , Strmiska and Sigurvinsson 2005, pp. 127–180. , - ,
Assemblies of God The Assemblies of God (AG), officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is a group of over 144 autonomous self-governing national groupings of churches that together form the world's largest Pentecostal denomination."Assemblies of God". ...
, , merger , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementAssemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ , , merger , , , ,
Apostolic Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementAssembly of Christian Soldiers , , Jessie L. Thrift , , , ,
Christian Identity Christian Identity (also known as Identity Christianity) is an interpretation of Christianity which advocates the belief that only Celtic and Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxon, Nordic nations, or Aryan people and people of kindred blood, ...

Ku Klux Klan The Ku Klux Klan (), commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist, right-wing terrorist, and hate group whose primary targets are African Americans, Jews, Latinos, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Cat ...
, , , - , Assembly of Man , ,
Franklin Merrell-Wolff Franklin Merrell-Wolff (born Franklin Fowler Wolff; 11 July 1887 – 4 October 1985) was an American mystic and esoteric philosopher. After formal education in philosophy and mathematics at Stanford and Harvard, Wolff devoted himself to the ...
, , , , Eastern and
Western esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
, , , - ,
Association for Research and Enlightenment The Association for Research and Enlightenment (A.R.E.), also known as Edgar Cayce's A.R.E., is a non-profit organization founded in 1931 by clairvoyant Edgar Cayce to explore spirituality, holistic health, and other psychic topics, as well as pr ...
, ,
Edgar Cayce Edgar Cayce (; 18 March 1877 – 3 January 1945) was an American clairvoyant who claimed to channel his higher self while in a trance-like state. His words were recorded by his friend, Al Layne; his wife, Gertrude Evans, and later by his s ...
, , , ,
Occult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...
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Association of Vineyard Churches The Association of Vineyard Churches, also known as the Vineyard Movement, is a neocharismatic evangelical Christian denomination.Despite the fact that some might see denominational labels as divisive, the founder of the movement John Wimber sai ...
, Vineyard Movement , ,
John Wimber John Richard Wimber (February 25, 1934 – November 17, 1997) was an American pastor, Christian author and musician. Initially ordained as a Quaker minister, he became an early, pioneering pastor of charismatic congregations, and a popular thou ...
, , , ,
Neo-charismatic The Neo-charismatic (also third-wave charismatic or hypercharismatic) movement is a movement within evangelical Protestant Christianity that is composed of a diverse range of independent churches and organizations that emphasize the post-biblical ...

Trinitarian
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementAumism , , Gilbert Bourdin , , , , Syncretistic
Esoteric Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
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Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...
, , , - ,
Aum Shinrikyo , formerly , is a Japanese doomsday cult founded by Shoko Asahara in 1987. It carried out the deadly Tokyo subway sarin attack in 1995 and was found to have been responsible for the Matsumoto sarin attack the previous year. The group says ...
, Aleph , ,
Shoko Asahara , born , was the founder and leader of the Japanese doomsday cult known as Aum Shinrikyo. He was convicted of masterminding the deadly 1995 sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway, and was also involved in several other crimes. Asahara was sentenc ...
, , , , Japanese
Japanese Buddhism Buddhism has been practiced in Japan since about the 6th century CE. Japanese Buddhism () created many new Buddhist schools, and some schools are original to Japan and some are derived from Chinese Buddhist schools. Japanese Buddhism has had ...
, , , - , Ausar Auset Society , , R.A. Straughn , , , ,
Rosicrucianism Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking it ...
, , , - ,
Azali An Azali ( fa, ازلی) or Azali Bábí is a follower of the monotheistic religion of Subh-i-Azal and the Báb. Early followers of the Báb were known as Bábís; however, in the 1860s a split occurred after which the vast majority of Bábís ...
or Azali Babi , , Subh-i-Azal , , , , Babism , , , - ,
Bábism Bábism (a.k.a. the Bábí Faith; fa, بابیه, translit=Babiyye) is a religion founded in 1844 by the Báb (b. ʻAli Muhammad), an Iranian merchant turned prophet who taught that there is one incomprehensible God who manifests his will in ...
, ,
Báb The Báb (b. ʿAlí Muḥammad; 20 October 1819 – 9 July 1850), was the messianic founder of Bábism, and one of the central figures of the Baháʼí Faith. He was a merchant from Shiraz in Qajar Iran who, in 1844 at the age of 25, claimed ...
(Ali Muhammad Shirazi) , , , ,
Shia Islam Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, mos ...
-
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, , Encyclopædia Iranica 1989, "Babism". , - ,
Baháʼí Faith The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the essential worth of all religions and the unity of all people. Established by Baháʼu'lláh in the 19th century, it initially developed in Iran and parts of the ...
, , Bahá'u'lláh (Mírzá Ḥusayn-'Alí Nuri) , , , ,
Bábism Bábism (a.k.a. the Bábí Faith; fa, بابیه, translit=Babiyye) is a religion founded in 1844 by the Báb (b. ʻAli Muhammad), an Iranian merchant turned prophet who taught that there is one incomprehensible God who manifests his will in ...
, , , - , Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship , , Bawa Muhaiyaddeen , , , ,
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality ...
, , , - , Bethel Ministerial Association , , Albert Franklin Varnell , , , ,
Apostolic Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementBible Presbyterian Church The Bible Presbyterian Church is an American Protestant denomination in the Calvinist tradition. History Origin The Bible Presbyterian Church was formed in 1937, predominantly through the efforts of such conservative Presbyterian clergymen as ...
, ,
Carl McIntire Carl Curtis McIntire, Jr. (May 17, 1906 – March 19, 2002), known as Carl McIntire, was a founder and minister in the Bible Presbyterian Church, founder and long-time president of the International Council of Christian Churches and the Amer ...
, , , , Reformed
Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...
, , , - , Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ , , schism , , , ,
Apostolic Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementBiosophy , , Ignaz Paul Vitalis Troxler, F. W. J. Schelling , , , , , , , - ,
Blackburn Cult The Blackburn Cult, officially the Divine Order of the Royal Arms of the Great Eleven, or the Great Eleven Club, was a new religious movement started in 1922 by the American woman May Otis Blackburn. She started the group on Bunker Hill in Down ...
, Divine Order of the Royal Arms of the Great Eleven , , May Otis Blackburn , , , , Modern Pagan
New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...
, , , - ,
Brahma Kumaris The Brahma Kumaris are a spiritual movement that originated in Hyderabad, Sindh, during the 1930s.Dada Lekhraj , , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - ,
Brahmo Samaj Brahmo Samaj ( bn, ব্রহ্ম সমাজ, Brahmô Sômaj, ) is the societal component of Brahmoism, which began as a monotheistic reformist movement of the Hindu religion that appeared during the Bengal Renaissance. It was one of t ...
, Adi Dharm , ,
Ram Mohan Roy Raja Ram Mohan Roy ( bn, রামমোহন রায়; 22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was an Indian reformer who was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a social-religious reform ...
, , , , Neo-Hindu
Unitarian Universal , , , - ,
Brahmoism Brahmoism is a religious movement which originated from the mid-19th century Bengali Renaissance, the nascent Indian independence movement. Adherents, known as ''Brahmos'' (singular Brahmo), are mainly of Indian or Bangladeshi origin or natio ...
(Brahmo Dharma) , ,
Debendranath Tagore Debendranath Tagore (15 May 1817 – 19 January 1905) was an Indian Hindu philosopher and religious reformer, active in the Brahmo Samaj (earlier called Bhramho Sabha) ("Society of Brahma", also translated as ''Society of God''). He joined Brahm ...
, , , , Neo-Hindu
Unitarian Universal , , , - ,
Branch Davidians The Branch Davidians (or the General Association of Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventists) were an apocalyptic new religious movement founded in 1955 by Benjamin Roden. They regard themselves as a continuation of the General Association of ...
, ,
Benjamin Roden Benjamin Lloyd Roden (January 5, 1902 – October 22, 1978) was an American religious leader and the prime organizer of the Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association. Early life Benjamin Roden was born on January 5, 1902 in Bea ...
, , , , Seventh Day Adventist
Shepherd's Rod The Shepherd's Rod or The Rod or the Davidians is an American “offshoot” of the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist Church. It was founded in 1929 by Victor Houteff, its President and Prophet. Houteff joined the Seventh-day Adventist church in ...
, , , - ,
Branhamism William Marrion Branham (April 6, 1909 – December 24, 1965) was an American Christian minister and faith healer who initiated the post-World War II healing revival, and claimed to be a prophet with the anointing of Elijah, who had come t ...
, , William M. Branham , , , , Oneness Pentecostalism, Pentecostal , , , - , Inedia, Breatharians Inedia , , Wiley Brooks , , , , Hindu-influenced , , , - , The Brethren (Jim Roberts group), The Body of Christ and The Garbage Eaters , , Jimmie T. Roberts , , , , Unclassified
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
Churches , , , - ,
British Israelism British Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) is the British nationalist, pseudoarchaeological, pseudohistorical and pseudoreligious belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descenda ...
, Anglo-Israelism , , , , , , , , , - , Bruderhof, the Hutterite, Hutterian Brethren and Hutterian Society of Brothers , , Eberhard Arnold , , , , Communal , , , - , Brunstad Christian Church , , Johan Oscar Smith , , , , Evangelicalism, Evangelical
Nondenominational Christianity, Non-denominational Christian , , , - , Builders of the Adytum , , Paul Foster Case , , , , Magic (paranormal), Ritual magic , , , - , Burkhanism or Ak Jang , , Chet Chelpan; Chugul Sarok Chandyk , , , , Altaian
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
-Indigenism, Indigenist
Tengrist , , , - , Cao Dai, Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do , , Ngô Văn Chiêu, Lê Văn Trung , , , , Syncretistic
Vietnamese
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, , , - , Cargo cults , , , , , , Syncretistic
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
-Indigenism, Indigenist , , , - , Carlebach movement , , Shlomo Carlebach , , , , Neo-Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism , , , - , Celestial Church of Christ , , Samuel Oshoffa , , , , Indigenism, Indigenist
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementPentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementPentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementRudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 or 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as ...

Friedrich Rittelmeyer , , , ,
Anthroposophy Anthroposophy is a spiritualist movement founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner that postulates the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world, accessible to human experience. Follower ...
, , , - ,
Christian Identity Christian Identity (also known as Identity Christianity) is an interpretation of Christianity which advocates the belief that only Celtic and Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxon, Nordic nations, or Aryan people and people of kindred blood, ...
, the Identity Movement , , , , , ,
British Israelism British Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) is the British nationalist, pseudoarchaeological, pseudohistorical and pseudoreligious belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descenda ...
, , , - , Christian Reformed Church in North America , , Gijsbert Haan , , , , Reformed
Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...
, , , - , Christian Science , , Mary Baker Eddy , , , ,
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

Faith healing
New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...
, , , - , Christian World Liberation Front, the Spiritual Counterfeits Project , , Jack Sparks,
Fred Dyson,
Pat Matrisciana , , , , Fundamentalist Christianity, Christian Fundamentalist-
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, , , - , Church of All Worlds , , Oberon Zell-Ravenheart, Tim Zell,
Lance Christie , , , , Witchcraft
Modern Pagan , , , - , Church of Aphrodite (defunct) , , Gleb Botkin , , , , Witchcraft
Modern Pagan , , , - , Church of Bible Understanding , , Stewart Traill , , , ,
Adventist Adventism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that believes in the imminent Second Coming (or the "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ. It originated in the 1830s in the United States during the Second Great Awakening when Baptist preacher W ...

Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...
, , , - , Church of Daniel's Band , , , , , , Non-Episcopal polity, Episcopal Methodism , , , - , Church of Divine Science , , Malinda Cramer , , , ,
New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...

Faith healing , , , - , Church of God in Christ , , Charles Harrison Mason, Charles H. Mason , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementTrinitarian Holiness movement, Holiness
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementTrinitarian Holiness movement, Holiness
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementTrinitarian Holiness movement, Holiness
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementPentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementBritish Israelism British Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) is the British nationalist, pseudoarchaeological, pseudohistorical and pseudoreligious belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descenda ...
, , , - , Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , , Joseph Smith , , , , Latter-day Saint Movement-
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, , , - , Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite) , , Joseph Smith
James Strang , , , , Latter-day Saint Movement , , , - , The Church of Light , , C.C. Zain , , , , neo-Hermetism , , , - , Church of Satan , , Anton LaVey , , , , Satanism , , , - , Church of the SubGenius , , J.R. "Bob" Dobbs , , , , Parody religion, Parody , , , - , Church of the Creator , , Rev. Dr. Grace Marama URI , , , , Liberal family , , , - , Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster or Flying Spaghetti Monster, Pastafarianism , , Bobby Henderson , , , , Parody religion, Parody , , , - , Church of the Living Word, also known as The Walk , , John Robert Stevens , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...

Occult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...
, , , - , Church of the Lord (Aladura) , , Josiah Ositelu , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementOccult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...
, , , - , Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles, also known as CARP , , Sun Myung Moon , , , , Unification Church , , In 1955, Reverend Moon established the Collegiate Association for the Research of the Principle (CARP). CARP is now active on many campuses in the United States and has expanded to over eighty nations. This association of students promotes intercultural, interracial, and international cooperation through the Unification world view.

 , - , Commandment Keepers, Commandment Keepers: Holy Church of the Living God , , Arnold Josiah Ford , , , , Black Judaism , , , - , Community Chapel and Bible Training Center , , Donald Lee Barnett , , , , Latter Rain (post–World War II movement), Latter Rain
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementModern Pagan , , , - , Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans , , Margot Adler , , , , Witchcraft
Modern Pagan , , , - , The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord , , James Ellison (polygamist), James D. Ellison , , , ,
British Israelism British Israelism (also called Anglo-Israelism) is the British nationalist, pseudoarchaeological, pseudohistorical and pseudoreligious belief that the people of Great Britain are "genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descenda ...
, , , - , Creativity (religion), Creativity , , Ben Klassen , , , , Pantheism
Agnostic Atheism
Racialism (racial categorization), White Racialism. , , #RobinsonCM, Robinson 2005. , - , Crossroads Movement , , , , , , , , , - , Cyberchurches , , , , , , Nondenominational Christianity, Non-denominational Christian , , , - , Dalit Buddhist Movement, also known as the Neo-Buddhist movement or Navayana Buddhist movement , , B. R. Ambedkar , , , , Neo-Buddhism (Navayana) , , , - , Dances of Universal Peace , , Samuel L. Lewis , , , , , , , - , Dianic Wicca , , merger , , , , Witchcraft
Modern Pagan , , , - , Discordianism , , Malaclypse the Younger, Greg Hill, Kerry Wendell Thornley , , , , Absurdism, Greek Mythology , , , - , Eastern Lightning, the Church of Almighty God , , Yang Xiangbin,
Zhao Weishan , , , , House church (China), Chinese house churches , , , - ,
Eckankar Eckankar is a new religious movement founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965. Its membership today is primarily in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The spiritual home is the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen, Minnesota. Eckankar is not affiliate ...
or ECK , , Paul Twitchell , , , , Derived from Radha Soami but denies connection , , , - , Spirit_Church_(China), Efficacious Spirit Teachings, Spirit Church and The Lingling Sect , , Hua Xuehe , , , , Pentecostalism , , , - , Elan Vital (organization), Elan Vital, formerly Divine Light Mission , , Hans Ji Maharaj , , , , Derived from
Sant Mat Sant Mat was a spiritual movement on the Indian subcontinent during the 13th–17th centuries CE. The name literally means "teachings of sants", i.e. mystic Hindu saints. Through association and seeking truth by following '' sants'' and their te ...
but denies connection , , , - , Emin (esoteric movement), Emin , , Raymond Armin , , , , New Age , , , - , End Time Survivors Jesus Christians , , David McKay , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...
Millennialism , , , - , Esoteric Nazism , , , , , ,
Occult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...

Western esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
, , , - , ''Est'' (Erhard Seminars Training) , , Werner Erhard , , , , Human Potential Movement Self religions , , , - , Evangelical Association of the Israelite Mission of the New Universal Covenant , , Ezequiel Ataucusi Gamonal , , , , Syncretistic Messianic Judaism-Indigenous religion, Indigenous , , , - , Evangelical Methodist Church , , J.H. Hamblen , , , , Non-Episcopal polity, Episcopal Methodism, Methodist , , , - , Falun Gong , , Li Hongzhi , , , , Qigong movement , , , - , Family International, previously the Children of God, the Family of Love and the Family , , David Berg , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...
, Jesus movement
countercultural
Evangelicalism, evangelical , , #Melton2009, Melton 2009, p. 676. , - , Fellowship of Isis , , Olivia Robertson , , , , Modern Pagan
Goddess movement, Goddess , , , - , Feraferia , , Frederick Adams , , , , Modern Pagan
Goddess movement, Goddess , , #Ellwood, Ellwood 1971. , - , Findhorn Foundation , , Eileen Caddy,
Peter Caddy,
Alexis Edwards,
Roger Benson , , , ,
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
-Anthroposophy, Anthroposophistical-Rosicrucianism, Rosicrucian , , , - , Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas , , W.E. Fuller , , , , Black Trinitarian
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementPentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementEsoteric Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...

Esoteric
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality ...
, , , - , Fraternitas Rosae Crucis , , Paschal Beverly Randolph , , , ,
Rosicrucianism Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking it ...
, , , - , Fraternity of the Inner Light , , Dion Fortune , , , , neo-Hermeticism
Esoteric Christianity , , , - , Freedomites , , , , , , , , , - , Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO), now Triratna Buddhist Community , , Sangharakshita (Dennis Lingwood) , , , , Neo-Buddhism , , #Irons2008, Irons 2008, p. 206. , - , Christian fundamentalism, Fundamentalist Christianity , , , , , ,
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
, , , - , General Church of the New Jerusalem , , schism , , , , Swedenborgianism , , , - , The Genesis II Church of Health and Healing , , Jim Humble , , , ,
UFO An unidentified flying object (UFO), more recently renamed by US officials as a UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon), is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained. On investigation, most UFOs are ide ...
-New Age inspired
Pseudoscience , , , - , Gentle Wind Project , , John "Tubby" Miller and Mary "Moe" Miller , , , ,
Spiritualism Spiritualism is the metaphysical school of thought opposing physicalism and also is the category of all spiritual beliefs/views (in monism and dualism) from ancient to modern. In the long nineteenth century, Spiritualism (when not lowercase ...
, , , - , Ghost Dance , , , , , , Modern Pagan
Native American religion , , , - , Global Peace Foundation , , Hyun Jin Moon , , , , Unification Church , , #PDI, Philippine Daily Inquirer 2008. , - , Godianism, Chiism , , K. O. K. Onyioha , , , , African Indigenism, Indigenist Modern Pagan , , , - , Grail Movement , , Abd-ru-shin, Oskar Ernst Bernhardt , , , , Syncretistic
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

New Age
Mediumship, Channeling , , , - , Hanuman Foundation , , Richard Alpert (Ram Dass) , , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - , Happy Science (Kofuku-no-Kagaku) , , Ryuho Okawa , , , , Japanese , , , - , Heaven's Gate (religious group), Heaven's Gate formerly Human Individual Metamorphosis and Total Overcomers Anonymous , , Marshall Herff Applewhite,
Bonnie Nettles, Bonnie Lu Nettles , , , , Syncretism, Syncretistic
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

New Age
UFO religion , , #Partridge2004, Partridge, 2004, p. 406. , - , Hikari no Wa , , Fumihiro Joyu , , , ,
Aum Shinrikyo , formerly , is a Japanese doomsday cult founded by Shoko Asahara in 1987. It carried out the deadly Tokyo subway sarin attack in 1995 and was found to have been responsible for the Matsumoto sarin attack the previous year. The group says ...
, , , - , Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy , , Swami Rama , , , , Hinduism, Hindu , , , - , House of Israel (Guyana), House of Israel , , David Hill a.k.a. Rabbi Edward Washington , , , , Black Hebrew Israelites , , , - , Humanistic Judaism , , Sherwin Wine , , , , Nontheism, Nontheistic Rabbinic Judaism , , , - , Huna (New Age), Huna , , Max Freedom Long , , , ,
New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...

New Age
Hawaiian religion , , , - , I AM Activity , , Guy Ballard, Edna Anne Wheeler Ballard , , , , Neo-Theosophical , , , - , Iglesia ni Cristo , , Felix Manalo , , , , Restorationism
Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarian
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...
, , , - , Isha Foundation , , Jaggi Vasudev , , , , Hinduism, Hindu , , , - , Indian Shaker Church , , John Slocum, John and Marry Slocum , , , , Native American religion, Native American and Christian , , , - , Independent Fundamental Churches of America , , R. Lee Kirkland , , , , Unaffiliated
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...
, , , - , Insight Meditation Society , , Jack Kornfield,
Sharon Salzberg,
Joseph Goldstein (writer), Joseph Goldstein , , , , Theravada Buddhism , , , - , International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), Hare Krishna movement , , A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada , , , , Hinduism, Hindu , , , - , International House of Prayer, IHOP or IHOPKC , , Mike Bickle (minister), Mike Bickle , , , , Charismatic Movement
Post-tribulational
Historic premillennialism , , , - , International Church of the Foursquare Gospel , , Aimee Semple McPherson , , , , White Trinitarian
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementNeo-Hindu
ISKCON , , , - , Ivanovism (the Ivanovites) , , Porfiry Ivanov , , , , Syncretistic
Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith , , , - , Jediism , , , , , , ''Star Wars''-inspired
New Age , , , - , Jehovah's Witnesses , , Charles Taze Russell , , , ,
Adventist Adventism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that believes in the imminent Second Coming (or the "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ. It originated in the 1830s in the United States during the Second Great Awakening when Baptist preacher W ...

Bible Student movement, Bible Students
Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarian , , , - , Jesus Army, "Jesus Fellowship Church" and "Bugbrooke Jesus Fellowship" , , Noel Stanton , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...

Communal , , , - , Jesus Movement , , , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...
, , , - , Jewish Renewal , , Zalman Schachter-Shalomi , , , , Neo-Hasidic Rabbinic Judaism
Syncretistic , , , - , Jews for Jesus , , Moishe Rosen , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...

Messianic Judaism , , , - , John Frum , , , , , , Syncretistic
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, , , - , Joy of Satan Ministries , , Andrea Maxine Dietrich , , , , Satanism
Theism , , , - , Kabbalah Centre , , Philip Berg , , , , Kabbalah, Kabbalist
New Age , , , - , Kalki cult, Oneness Movement and Oneness University , , Kalki Bhagawan (Vijay Kumar Naidu) , , , , Indian religions-inspired
New Age
Neo-Hindu
2012 phenomenon-inspired , , , - , Karma Triyana Dharmachakra , , the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa , , , ,
Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...
, , , - , Kemetic Orthodoxy , , Tamara Siuda , , , , Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism Polytheistic reconstructionism (or simply Reconstructionism) is an approach to modern paganism first emerging in the late 1960s to early 1970s, which gathered momentum starting in the 1990s. Reconstructionism attempts to re-establish genuine poly ...

Kemetism, Kemetic , , #Krogh, Krogh 2004, p. 167. , - , Kerista , , John Presmont , , , , Communal—After 1960 , , , - , Kopimism , , Isak Gerson , , , , Internet religion , , , - , Konkokyo , , Bunjiro Kawate , , , , Japanese
Shinto , , , - , Krishnamurti Foundations , , Jiddu Krishnamurti , , , , Neo-Theosophical
Universalism , , , - , Kripalu Center (Kirpalu) , , Amrit Desai , , , , Hinduism, Hindu , , , - , Lama Foundation , , Steve Durkee , , , , Communal , , , - , List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement, Latter Day Saint movement (Mormonism) , , Joseph Smith , , , , Restorationism, Christian restorationism , , , - , Latter Rain (post–World War II movement), Latter Rain Movement , , George Hawtin,
Percy Hunt , , , ,
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementAdventist Adventism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that believes in the imminent Second Coming (or the "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ. It originated in the 1830s in the United States during the Second Great Awakening when Baptist preacher W ...

Bible Student movement, Bible Students , , , - , Lectorium Rosicrucianum , , Jan van Rijckenborgh; Zwier Willem Leene; Catharose de Petri , , , ,
Rosicrucianism Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking it ...
, , , - , The Living Word Fellowship , , John Robert Stevens , , , , Latter Rain (post–World War II movement), Latter Rain
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementFundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...

Other Bible Students , , , - , Love Family, the Church of Jesus Christ at Armageddon and Love Israel , , Paul Erdman , , , , Communal , , , - , Love Has Won , , Amy Carlson , , , , New Age , , , - , Lucis Trust , , Alice A. Bailey , , , , Neo-Theosophical , , , - , Madkhalism , , Rabee Al-Madkhali , , , ,
Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or '' Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the ...
, , , - , Mahikari , , Yoshikazu Okada, Kotama Okada , , , , Shinto , , , - , Religion in Papua New Guinea#Makasol, Makasol (Wind Nation), Paliau movement , , Paliau Maloat , , , , Papuan Indigenism, Indigenist
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...

countercultural , , , - , Maranatha Campus Ministries , , Bob Weiner , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementEsoteric Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
, , , - , Mata Amritanandamayi Math , , Mata Amritanandamayi , , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - , Mazdaznan , , Otoman Zar-Adusht Ha'nish , , , , Zoroastrianism , , , - , Meher Baba followers , , Meher Baba, Merwan Sheriar Irani , , , , Hindu-inspired , , , - , Messianic Judaism , , , , , , Judeo-Christian , , , - , Million Man March , , Louis Farrakhan , , , , Nation of Islam , , , - , Mita Congregation , , Juanita García Peraza , , , , Deliverance ministry, Deliverance Pentecostal , , , - , Modekngei (Ngara Modekngei) , , Tamadad from Chol , , , , Syncretism, Syncretistic
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
- Indigenous , , , - , Monastic Order of Avallon , , Henri Hillion de Coatmoc'han , , , , Modern Pagan , , #Marhic, Marhic 1996, pp. 25–29. , - , Moody Church , , Dwight L. Moody , , , ,
Fundamentalist Fundamentalism is a tendency among certain groups and individuals that is characterized by the application of a strict literal interpretation to scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, along with a strong belief in the importance of distinguishi ...

Evangelicalism, Evangelical , , , - , Moorish Science Temple of America , , Timothy Drew , , , , Black Islam , , , - , Moral Re-Armament , , Frank N. D. Buchman , , , , , , , - , Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God , , Credonia Mwerinde,
Joseph Kibweteere , , , , Catholic Church, Catholicism , , , - , Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness , , Roger Delano Hinkins, John-Roger Hinkins , , , , Syncretistic
Sant Mat Sant Mat was a spiritual movement on the Indian subcontinent during the 13th–17th centuries CE. The name literally means "teachings of sants", i.e. mystic Hindu saints. Through association and seeking truth by following '' sants'' and their te ...
and
Eckankar Eckankar is a new religious movement founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965. Its membership today is primarily in North America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The spiritual home is the Temple of ECK in Chanhassen, Minnesota. Eckankar is not affiliate ...
-influenced , , , - , Namdhari , , Balak Singh , , , ,
Sikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...
, , , - , Nation of Islam , , Elijah Muhammad , , , , Black Islam
UFO religion , , , - , Nation of Yahweh , , Hulon Mitchell Jr, Hulon Mitchell, Jr. , , , , Black Judaism , , , - , National Spiritualist Association of Churches , , Harrison D Barrett, James M. Peebles, Cora L. V. Scott, Cora L. Richmond , , , ,
Spiritualism Spiritualism is the metaphysical school of thought opposing physicalism and also is the category of all spiritual beliefs/views (in monism and dualism) from ancient to modern. In the long nineteenth century, Spiritualism (when not lowercase ...
, , , - , Native American Church, Peyotism , , , , , , Native American religion Indigenism, Indigenist Entheogen Groups , , , - , Native Ukrainian National Faith, RUNVira or Sylenkoism , , Lev Sylenko , , , , Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith , , , - , Neo-charismatic movement , , , , , , Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian
Nondenominational Christianity, Nondenominational Christian , , , - , Hindu reform movements, Neo-Hinduism or Reform Hinduism , , , , , , Hinduism, Hindu , , , - , New Acropolis (Nouvelle Acropole) , , Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi , , , , Neo-Theosophical
Western esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
, , , - , New Apostolic Church , , Heinrich Geyer , , , , Catholic Apostolic Church
Unclassified
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
Churches , , , - , New Kadampa Tradition , , Geshe Kelsang Gyatso , , , ,
Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...
, , , - , New Message from God, The New Message from God , , Marshall Vian Summers , , , , UFO religion , , , - , New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn , , , , , , Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn
Witchcraft
Modern Pagan , , , - ,
New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...
, , Phineas Parkhurst Quimby , , , , Metaphysics, Metaphysical
Faith healing , , , - , Noahidism , , , , , , Orthodox Judaism-inspired , , , - , Nuwaubian Nation or United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors , Dwight York , 1967 , UFO religion, New Age,
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
, Judaism, Jewish, Black supremacy, Black supremacist , , - , Oahspe: A New Bible, Oahspe Faithists , , John Ballou Newbrough , , , , UFO religion , , , - , Odinism , , Orestes Brownson , , , , Modern Pagan , , #CITEREFGoodrick-Clarke2002, Goodrick-Clarke 2002, p. 257. , - , Oomoto , , Mrs. Nao Deguchi , , , , Japanese
Shinto-
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, , , - , Open Bible Standard Churches , , merger , , , , White Trinitarian
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementWestern esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...

Neo-Hermetism
Thelema , , , - , Pentecostal Church of God , , , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementOccult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...
, , , - , Pilgrims of Arès , , Michel Potay , , , , , , #Mayer2004, Mayer 2004, pp. 123–143. , - , Plymouth Brethren , , John Nelson Darby , , , , Evangelicalism, evangelical
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, , , - , Potter's House Christian Fellowship, Potter's House also known as Christian Fellowship Ministries (CFM), The Door, Victory Chapel, Christian Center, Crossroads Chapel, etc. , , Wayman Mitchell , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementSikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...
-derived or Syncretistic
Sikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...
-Hinduism, Hindu or Sant Mat-inspired , , , - , Radha Soami Satsang Beas , , Jaimal Singh, Baba Jaimal Singh , , , ,
Sant Mat Sant Mat was a spiritual movement on the Indian subcontinent during the 13th–17th centuries CE. The name literally means "teachings of sants", i.e. mystic Hindu saints. Through association and seeking truth by following '' sants'' and their te ...

Radha Soami , , , - , Radha Soami Satsang Sabha, Radha Soami Satsang Dayalbagh , , Kamta Prasad Sinha , , , , Radha Soami , , , - , Raëlism, Raëlian Church , , Claude Vorilhon (Rael) , , , , UFO religion , , , - , Rainbow Family, Rainbow Coalition , , Barry Adams or Jesse Jackson , , , , Communal
Afro-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslav ...
, , , - , Rajneesh movement, Osho movement , , Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh), Rajneesh Chandra Mohan , , , , Indian religions-inspired
Syncretistic , , , - , Ramakrishna Mission, Ramakrishna movement or Vedanta Society{ , , Swami Vivekananda , , , , Neo-Hindu
Neo-Vedanta Neo-Vedanta, also called Hindu modernism, neo-Hinduism, Global Hinduism and Hindu Universalism, are terms to characterize interpretations of Hinduism that developed in the 19th century. The term "Neo-Vedanta" was coined by German Indologist ...
, , , - , Ramtha's School of Enlightenment , , J. Z. Knight , , , , New Age , , #Dawson2006, Dawson 2006, p. 3. , - , Rastafari , , Leonard Howell, Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, Robert Hinds , , , , Judaism, Jewish and
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
-influenced Afro-centric , , , - , Reconstructionist Judaism , , Mordecai Kaplan , , , , Rabbinic Judaism , , , - , Reform Judaism, Progressive or Liberal Judaism , , Isaac Harby; Isaac M. Wise; others , , , , Rabbinic Judaism , , , - , Reformed Druids of North America , , , , , , Modern Pagan , , , - ,
Reiki is a Japanese form of energy healing, a type of alternative medicine. Reiki practitioners use a technique called ''palm healing'' or ''hands-on healing'' through which a " universal energy" is said to be transferred through the palms of the ...
, also Usui Shiko Ryoho System of Healing , , Mikao Usui , , , , Energy medicine
Japanese Buddhism Buddhism has been practiced in Japan since about the 6th century CE. Japanese Buddhism () created many new Buddhist schools, and some schools are original to Japan and some are derived from Chinese Buddhist schools. Japanese Buddhism has had ...
, , , - ,
Religious Science The Religious Science movement, or Science of Mind, was established in 1927 by Ernest Holmes (1887–1960) and is a spiritual, philosophical and metaphysical religious movement within the New Thought movement. In general, the term "Scie ...
, , Ernest Holmes , , , ,
New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...
, , , - , Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism , , Vladimir Megre , , , , Syncretistic
Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith , , , - , Risshō Kōsei Kai , , Nikkyo Niwano,
Myoko Naganuma , , , , Nichiren Buddhism, Nichiren Buddhist , , #Tamura, Tamura 2001, pp. 203–204. , - , The Rosicrucian Fellowship , , Max Heindel, Carl Louis von Grasshof , , , ,
Rosicrucianism Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement that arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking it ...
, , , - , Kirpal Singh#Ruhani Satsang, Ruhani Satsang, Kirpal Light Satsang , , Kirpal Singh , , , , Radha Soami , , , - , Sacred Name Movement , , Clarence Orvil Dodd , , , , Judeo-Christian (Judaizers)
Nontrinitarianism, Nontrinitarian
Church of God (Seventh-Day) , , , - , Sadharan Brahmo Samaj , , Anandamohan Bose, Sivanath Sastri, Umesh Chandra Dutta , , , ,
Brahmoism Brahmoism is a religious movement which originated from the mid-19th century Bengali Renaissance, the nascent Indian independence movement. Adherents, known as ''Brahmos'' (singular Brahmo), are mainly of Indian or Bangladeshi origin or natio ...
, , , - , Sahaja Yoga , , Nirmala Srivastava, Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi , , , , Neo-Hindu , , #Inform2001, INFORM 2001. , - , Saiva Siddhanta Church , , Sivaya Subramuniyaswami, Subramuniy , , , , Hinduism, Hindu , , , - , The Salvation Army , , William Booth , , , , Holiness movement , , , - , Saminism Movement, Saminism, Samin movement , , Samin Surosentiko , , , , Abrahamic religions
Indigenism, Indigenist , , , - , Sant Nirankari Mission , , Baba Buta Singh Ji , , , ,
Sikh Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism, Sikhism (Sikhi), a Monotheism, monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Gu ...

Nirankari , , , - , Santa Muerte, Santa Muerte Cult , , , , , , Syncretic Folk Catholicism, Folk Catholic , , , - , Sathya Sai Baba movement or Sai Baba movement , , Sathya Sai Baba , , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - , Science of Identity Foundation (SIF) , , Chris Butler alias Jagad Guru Siddhaswarupananda , , , , Neo-Hindu
ISKCON , , , - , Scientology , , L. Ron Hubbard , , , ,
UFO An unidentified flying object (UFO), more recently renamed by US officials as a UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon), is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained. On investigation, most UFOs are ide ...
-Psychic
New Age , , #Lewis2003, Lewis 2003, p. 42. , - , Sekta Niebo , , Bogdana Kacmajora , , , , Christian , , , - , Seicho-no-Ie , , Masaharu Taniguchi, Fenwicke Holmes , , , , Japanese
Religious Science The Religious Science movement, or Science of Mind, was established in 1927 by Ernest Holmes (1887–1960) and is a spiritual, philosophical and metaphysical religious movement within the New Thought movement. In general, the term "Scie ...
-Shinto , , , - , Self-Realization Fellowship , , Paramahansa Yogananda , , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - , Semitic Neopaganism , , Raphael Patai , , , , Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism Polytheistic reconstructionism (or simply Reconstructionism) is an approach to modern paganism first emerging in the late 1960s to early 1970s, which gathered momentum starting in the 1990s. Reconstructionism attempts to re-establish genuine poly ...

Feminism , , #Raphael, Raphael 1998, pp. 198–215. , - , Seventh-day Adventist Church , , Ellen G. White; Joseph Bates (Adventist), Joseph Bates , , , ,
Adventist Adventism is a branch of Protestant Christianity that believes in the imminent Second Coming (or the "Second Advent") of Jesus Christ. It originated in the 1830s in the United States during the Second Great Awakening when Baptist preacher W ...

Millerism, Millerite
Sabbath in seventh-day churches, Seventh-day Sabbatarian , , , - , Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movement , , schism , , , , Seventh Day Adventist , , , - , Shakers , , Ann Lee , , , , Communal—Before 1960 , , , - , Shengdao, Tongshanshe , , Peng Tairong (Ruzun) , , , , Chinese salvationist religions, Chinese salvationist , , , - ,
Shepherd's Rod The Shepherd's Rod or The Rod or the Davidians is an American “offshoot” of the worldwide Seventh-day Adventist Church. It was founded in 1929 by Victor Houteff, its President and Prophet. Houteff joined the Seventh-day Adventist church in ...
, the Davidians, officially, the Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association , , Victor Houteff, Victor T. Houteff , , , , Seventh Day Adventist , , , - , Shiloh Youth Revival Centers , , John J. Higgins, Jr. , , , , Communal—After 1960 , , , - , Shinji Shumeikai, Shumei , , Mihoko Koyama , , , , Church of World Messianity
Faith healing , , , - , Shinnyo-en , , Shinjo Ito,
Tomoji Ito , , , , Japanese
Japanese Buddhism Buddhism has been practiced in Japan since about the 6th century CE. Japanese Buddhism () created many new Buddhist schools, and some schools are original to Japan and some are derived from Chinese Buddhist schools. Japanese Buddhism has had ...
, , , - , Shinreikyo , , Kanichi Otsuka , , , , Japanese
Shinto
Syncretistic , , , - , The_Shouters, Shouters , , Witness Lee, Li Changshou , , , , Christianity , , , - , Shri Ram Chandra Mission , , Shri Ram Chandraji Maharaj , , , , Hinduism, Hindu , , #Mayer1993, Mayer 1993, p. 213. , - , Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres , , Swami Sivananda, Kuppuswami Iyer , , , , Neo-Hindu , , , - , Slavic Native Faith, Rodnovery or Slavic Neopaganism , , Władysław Kołodziej, Jan Stachniuk , , , , Modern Pagan
Polytheistic reconstructionism Polytheistic reconstructionism (or simply Reconstructionism) is an approach to modern paganism first emerging in the late 1960s to early 1970s, which gathered momentum starting in the 1990s. Reconstructionism attempts to re-establish genuine poly ...
, , , - , Slavic-Hill Rodnovery , , Aleksandr Belov , , , , Modern Pagan
Slavic Native Faith , , , - , Soka Gakkai International , , Tsunesaburo Makiguchi , , , , Japanese
Nichiren Buddhism , , , - ,
Spiritualism Spiritualism is the metaphysical school of thought opposing physicalism and also is the category of all spiritual beliefs/views (in monism and dualism) from ancient to modern. In the long nineteenth century, Spiritualism (when not lowercase ...
, , Fox sisters, Kate and Margaret Fox , , , , Psychic-Mediumship
Metaphysics, Metaphysical , , , - , Subud (Susila Budhi Dharma) , , Muhammad Subuh Sumohadiwidjojo, Muhammed Subuh , , , , Kejawèn
neo-
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality ...
, , , - , Sufi Ruhaniat International , , Samuel L. Lewis , , , , neo-
Sufism Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality ...
, , , - , Sukyo Mahikari , , Sekiguchi Sakae , , , , Japanese
Mahikari Syncretistic , , , - , Summum , , Claude Nowell, Claude Rex Nowell , , , , Unclassified
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
Churches , , , - , Syntheism , , Alexander Bard , , , , Pantheism, Pantheist
Humanism, Humanist
Netocracy, Netocratic , , , - , The Satanic Temple , , Lucien Greaves,
Malcolm Jarry , , , , Satanism
Nontheistic religion, Nontheistic , , ''The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements, Volume 2''; James R. Lewis, Inga B. Tollefsen; Oxford University Press, 2016; pgs. 441-453 , - , Tenrikyo , , Miki Nakayama , , , , Japanese
Shinto , , , - , Tensegrity (Castaneda), Tensegrity , , Carlos Castaneda , , , , Neoshamanism
New Age , , , - , Terasem Movement, Terasem , , Martine Rothblatt , , , , Transhumanism , , , - , Thelema, the A∴A∴ order , , Aleister Crowley , , , ,
Occult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...

neo-Hermetism
Western esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
, , , - , Theosophy or Theosophical Society, 1882 as Theosophical Society Adyar , , Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge , , , ,
Occult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...

Eastern and
Western esotericism Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, is a term scholars use to categorise a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas ...
, , , - , Theosophical Society Pasadena , , William Quan Judge , , , , Theosophy, Theosophical , , , - , Tolstoyan movement, Tolstoyan primitivism , , Leo Tolstoy , , , , Christian anarchism
Pacifism , , , - , Toronto Blessing , , Randy Clark , , , ,
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementNeo-Hindu-inspired , , , - , Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly FWBO) , , Sangharakshita (Dennis Lingwood) , , , , Neo-Buddhism , , , - , True Buddha School , , Lu Sheng-yen , , , ,
Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...

Taoism , , , - , True Gnostic Church , , Azrael Ondi-Ahman (Archie D. Wood) , , , , , , , - , Twelve Tribes (New religious movement), Twelve Tribes , , Gene and Marsha Spriggs , , , , Messianic Jewish Communal—After 1960 , , , - , Two by Twos, Cooneyites, Christian Conventions, the Workers and Friends, the Truth, etc. , , , , , , Independent Fundamentalist Christianity, fundamentalist family , , Johnson, Benton in #KlassWeisgrau1999, Klass and Weisgrau 1999, p. 377. , - , Umbanda , , Zélio Fernandino de Moraes , , , , Spiritism , , #SmithProkopy2003, Smith and Prokopy 2003, p. 279–280. , - , Unarius Academy of Science , , Ernest Norman, Ruth Norman , , , , UFO Religion , , , - , Unification Church, also known as the Moonie (nickname), Moonies , , Sun Myung Moon , , , , Syncretistic
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
, , , - , Unitarian Universalism , , consolidation , , , , Unitarian Universalism , , , - , United Holy Church of America , , Isaac Cheshier , , , , Black Trinitarian
Pentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementPentecostal Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestantism, Protestant Charismatic Christianity, Charismatic Christian movementApostolic Apostolic may refer to: The Apostles An Apostle meaning one sent on a mission: *The Twelve Apostles of Jesus, or something related to them, such as the Church of the Holy Apostles *Apostolic succession, the doctrine connecting the Christian Churc ...
Pentecostalism, Pentecostals , , , - , Unity Church , , Charles Fillmore (Unity Church), Charles Fillmore and Myrtle Fillmore , , , ,
New Thought The New Thought movement (also Higher Thought) is a spiritual movement that coalesced in the United States in the early 19th century. New Thought was seen by its adherents as succeeding "ancient thought", accumulated wisdom and philosophy from ...
-
Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...
, , , - , Universal Great Brotherhood , , Serge Raynaud de la Ferriere , , , , Other Theosophy, Theosophical Groups , , , - , Universal Life Church , , Kirby J. Hensley, Kirby Hensley , , , , Liberal Family , , , - , Universal White Brotherhood , , Peter Deunov , , , , Other Theosophy, Theosophical Groups
Esoteric Christianity , , , - , Urantia Foundation , , William S. Sadler , , , , UFO religion
Psychic
New Age
Christian occultist , , , - , Vajradhatu , , Chögyam Trungpa , , , ,
Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism (also referred to as Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaistic Buddhism, Himalayan Buddhism, and Northern Buddhism) is the form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet and Bhutan, where it is the dominant religion. It is also in majo ...
, , , - , Vale do Amanhecer , , Tia Neiva , , , , Spiritualism , , #Dawson, Dawson 2007, pp. 48–49. , - , Volunteers of America , , Ballington Booth,
Maud Ballington Booth, Maud Booth , , , , Holiness movement , , , - , The Way International , , Victor Paul Wierwille , , , , Independent Fundamentalist Christianity, fundamentalist family , , , - , Universal Medicine, The Way of the Livingness (Universal Medicine) , , Serge Benhayon , , , , Neo-Theosophical and/or "Socially harmful cult". , , , - , Weksek , , Lee Daniels , , , , Neo-Shamanism / Mysticism , , , - , White Eagle Lodge , , Lady Elizabeth Carey , , , , Other Theosophy, Theosophical Groups , , , - , Wicca , , Gerald Gardner , , , , Modern Pagan
Witchcraft
Occult The occult, in the broadest sense, is a category of esoteric supernatural beliefs and practices which generally fall outside the scope of religion and science, encompassing phenomena involving otherworldly agency, such as magic and mysticism a ...
, , , - , Wotansvolk , , David Lane (white supremacist), David Lane , , , , Völkisch movement, neo-völkisch paganism , , , - , The Word Foundation , , Harold W. Percival , , , , Theosophy, Theosophical , , , - , Hyung Jin Moon, World Peace and Unification Sanctuary Church , , Hyung Jin Moon,
Yeon Ah Lee Moon , , , , Unification Church-based
ultra-Orthodox/Fundamentalism , , , - , Yiguandao , , Wang Jueyi; Zhang Tianran, Chang Thien Ran , , , , Chinese salvationist religions, Chinese salvationist-
Millenarian Millenarianism or millenarism (from Latin , "containing a thousand") is the belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming fundamental transformation of society, after which "all things will be changed". Millenarian ...
, ,


See also

* Governmental lists of cults and sects * Hinduism-oriented new religious movements * List of Christian denominations * List of New Thought denominations and independent centers * List of Neopagan movements * List of religions and spiritual traditions * List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement * New religious movements in the United States


Main sources


Selected sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *


External links


Diskus
The on-disk journal of international Religious Studies

* * [https://skepsis.nl/boeken/online-texts-about-cults-and-new-religions/ Online texts about NRMs]
SSSR Resolution on New Religious Groups
* Jeffrey K. Hadden, Hadden, Jeffrey K. and Douglas Cowan
The New Religious Movements Homepage
@The University of Virginia''


References

{{Religion topics New religious movements, ~ Religion-related lists, New