List of municipalities in Quebec
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Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
is the second-most populous province in Canada with 8,501,833 residents as of 2021 and is the largest in land area at . For statistical purposes, the
province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''Roman province, provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire ...
is divided into 1,282
census subdivision The census geographic units of Canada are the census subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to conduct the country's quinquennial census. These areas exist solely for the purposes of sta ...
s, which are
municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
and equivalents. Quebec's 1,218 municipalities include 87
regional county municipalities The term regional county municipality or RCM (''french: municipalité régionale de comté, MRC'') is used in Quebec, Canada to refer to one of 87 county-like political entities. In some older English translations they were called county r ...
at the supralocal level and 1,131 local municipalities ( of its census subdivisions). Generally, most local municipalities, as well as some unorganized territories, are nested within regional county municipalities. The 1,218 municipalities are directly responsible for the provision of public transit, fire protection, potable water, water purification, and waste management services to its residents. They also share responsibility with the province in the provision of housing, road networks, police protection, recreation and culture, parks and natural spaces, and land use planning and development. Below the regional county municipality level, the Government of Quebec's Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing recognizes 10 types of local municipalities
cities A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
,
town A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an ori ...
s,
village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...
municipalities, parish municipalities, township municipalities, united township municipalities, Cree village municipalities, Naskapi village municipalities, northern village municipalities, and simply "municipalities". Cities and towns are legislated primarily by the ''Loi sur les cités et villes'' (''Cities and Towns Act''). ''The Cree Villages and the Naskapi Village Act'' presides over the province's Cree and Naskapi village municipalities, while the ''Act Respecting Northern Villages and the Kativik Regional Government'' presides over northern villages. The 5 other types of municipalities are legislated primarily by the ''Code municipal du Québec'' (''Municipal Code of Quebec''). The ''Municipal Powers Act'' and 40 other pieces of legislation also apply to municipalities. Of Quebec's 1,131 local municipalities, 656 or of them are simply "municipalities". Among the remaining 475, there are 230 towns, 43 village municipalities, 135 parish municipalities, 42 township municipalities, 2 united township municipalities, 8 Cree village municipalities, 1 Naskapi village municipality, and 14 northern village municipalities. Despite still being a legal municipal status type, there are no longer any cities in Quebec, although one town is permitted to brand itself as a city in its official name. In 2021, Quebec's local municipalities covered of the province's land mass yet were home to of its population.
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-most populous city in Canada and List of towns in Quebec, most populous city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian ...
is the province's largest municipality with 1,762,949 residents.
Chisasibi Chisasibi ( cr, ᒋᓵᓰᐲ, translit=Cisâsîpî; meaning Great River) is a village on the eastern shore of James Bay, in the Eeyou Istchee equivalent territory (ET) in northern Quebec, Canada. It is situated on the south shore of La Grande R ...
,
Eastmain Eastmain ( ; cr, ᐄᔅᒣᐃᓐ/Îsmein) is a Cree community located on east coast of James Bay at the mouth of the Eastmain River, Quebec, Canada. It is a small coastal Cree village with a population of 924 people in the 2021 Canadian Censu ...
, Kawawachikamach,
Nemaska Nemaska ( cr, ᓀᒥᔅᑳᐤ/Nemiskâw, meaning ''underwater point,'' but commonly associated with the word ''namesiskâw'', meaning ''many fish''.) is a small Cree community located on the shores of Lake Champion, in Quebec, Canada. It is a sm ...
,
Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente is a parish municipality in Quebec, Canada. Its population in the Canada 2021 Census was 0. It is a relic of the seigneurial system of New France. Geography Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente is a ...
,
Waskaganish Waskaganish ( cr, ᐙᔅᑳᐦᐄᑲᓂᔥ/Wâskâhîkaniš, Little House; ) is a Cree community of over 2,500 people at the mouth of the Rupert River on the south-east shore of James Bay in Northern Quebec, Canada. Waskaganish is part of the t ...
,
Waswanipi Waswanipi may refer to: *Waswanipi, Quebec, a Cree village in Eeyou Istchee, Quebec, Canada *Waswanipi (Cree village municipality), a Cree Reserved Land located in Eeyou Istchee, Quebec, Canada *Waswanipi River, a tributary of Matagami Lake in Que ...
,
Wemindji Wemindji ( cr, ᐐᒥᓂᒌ/Wîminicî) is a small Cree community on the east coast of James Bay at the mouth of the Maquatua River in Quebec, Canada. Its legal name is the Cree Nation of Wemindji. The community is a part of the Abitibi-Baie-Ja ...
, and
Whapmagoostui Whapmagoostui ( cr, ᐙᐱᒫᑯᔥᑐᐃ/Wâpimâkuštui, "place of the beluga") is the northernmost Cree village in Quebec, Canada, located at the mouth of the Great Whale River (french: Grande Rivière de la Baleine) on the coast of Hudson Ba ...
are Quebec's smallest municipalities each with a population of 0. The largest municipality by land area is
Eeyou Istchee James Bay Eeyou Istchee James Bay (french: Eeyou Istchee Baie-James, cr, ᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌ ᒉᐃᒥᔅ ᐯᐃ, italic=no ) is a local municipality in the (TE) in administrative region of . Located to the east of James Bay, Eeyou Istchee James Bay ...
at , while the smallest by land area is
Notre-Dame-des-Anges Notre-Dame-des-Anges is a parish municipality in Quebec, Canada, home of the General Hospital of Quebec. Enclaved within the territory of Quebec City, this unusual municipality had a population of 241 and measures only 6 hectares (15 acres) in ...
at .


Regional county municipalities

A regional county municipality (French: ''Municipalité régionale de comté'') in Quebec is a membership of numerous local municipalities, which in some cases can include unorganized territories, that was formed to administer certain services at the regional level such as waste management, public transit, land use planning and development, property assessment, etc. Its council comprises the mayors of all local municipalities within its membership and in some cases one or more other elected representatives. Quebec legally recognizes 87 regional county municipalities (RCMs). They had a cumulative population of 3,909,607 in the 2021 Census of Population. The most and least populated of the province's incorporated RCMs are Roussilon with 185,568 residents and Le Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent with 3,382 residents. Quebec's largest and smallest RCMs by land area are
Caniapiscau Caniapiscau () is a vast unorganized territory in the Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada, part of Caniapiscau Regional County Municipality. The territory is home to the huge Caniapiscau Reservoir, the largest body of water in Quebec. The res ...
at and L'Île-d'Orléans at .


Local municipalities

Quebec's ''Act Respecting Municipal Territorial Divisions'' states that a "municipality that is not a regional county municipality is a local municipality." The province's 10 types of local municipalities include cities, towns, village municipalities, parish municipalities, township municipalities, united township municipalities, municipalities, Cree village municipalities, Naskapi village municipalities, and northern village municipalities.


Cities

City (French: ''cité'') status is no longer officially in use in Quebec. The last municipalities to have city status in Quebec were
Dorval Dorval () is an on-island suburban city on the island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada. In 2016, the Canadian Census indicated that the population increased by 4.2% to 18,980. Although the city has the largest surface area in Montré ...
and Côte-Saint-Luc. Both held city status until they dissolved to become part of an amalgamated Montreal on January 1, 2002. While both were re-incorporated as towns on January 1, 2006, Dorval retained "City of Dorval" (French: ''Cité de Dorval'') as its name for branding purposes. Prior to 1988 amendments to the ''Cities and Towns Act'', cities could be formed from any municipality in effect under the ''Municipal Code of Quebec'' with a population of 2,000 or more if the municipality: *passed a resolution to formally request the Government of Quebec to change to city status; *published the proposed resolution twice in the provincial gazette; *obtained approval of its voters during an election or through a
referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...
; and *submitted a petition to the Minister of Municipal Affairs for the
letters patent Letters patent ( la, litterae patentes) ( always in the plural) are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch, president or other head of state, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, titl ...
to be granted within two months of the voters' approval that details the population, name, and boundaries of the city as well as the location of its first meeting of city council. Upon submission of the petition with a certificate signed by the municipality's secretary-treasurer confirming the resolution's approval, the Government of Quebec could hold a
public inquiry A tribunal of inquiry is an official review of events or actions ordered by a government body. In many common law countries, such as the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, Australia and Canada, such a public inquiry differs from a royal ...
on the city status application, approve the application by granting the letters patent, and alter the proposed name of the city from the name proposed in the application. Also prior to the 1988 amendments to the ''Cities and Towns Act'', the Government of Quebec could consider and approve an application for city status from a municipality with a population of less than 2,000 under circumstances it deemed extenuating.


Towns

Quebec has 230 towns (French: ''villes'') that had a cumulative population of 7,139,693 in the 2021 Census of Population. Quebec's largest and smallest towns by population are Montreal and
L'Île-Dorval L'Île-Dorval () is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is coterminous with Dorval Island (french: Île Dorval), an island in Lake Saint-Louis off the Island of Montreal. It lies a short distance offshore from the city of Dorval and is conn ...
with populations of 1,762,949 and 30. Quebec's largest and smallest towns by land area are
La Tuque La Tuque (; ) is a city located in north-central Quebec, Canada, on the Saint-Maurice River, between Trois-Rivières and Chambord. The population was 11,227 at the Canada 2011 Census, most of which live within the urban area. At over 28,000 sq ...
and L'Île-Dorval with and . Prior to 1988 amendments to the ''Cities and Towns Act'', towns could be formed from any municipality in effect under the ''Municipal Code of Quebec'' with a population of 2,000 or more if the municipality: *passed a resolution to formally request the Government of Quebec to change to town status; *published the proposed resolution twice in the provincial gazette; *obtained approval of its voters during an election or through a referendum; and *submitted a petition to the Minister of Municipal Affairs for the letters patent to be granted within two months of the voters' approval that details the population, name, and boundaries of the town as well as the location of its first meeting of town council. Upon submission of the petition with a certificate signed by the municipality's secretary-treasurer confirming the resolution's approval, the Government of Quebec could hold a public inquiry on the town status application, approve the application by granting the letters patent, and alter the proposed name of the town from the name proposed in the application. Also prior to the 1988 amendments to the ''Cities and Towns Act'', the Government of Quebec could consider and approve an application for town status from a municipality with a population of less than 2,000 under circumstances it deemed extenuating. Also prior to 1988 amendments to the ''Cities and Towns Act'', the Government of Quebec could consider and approve an application for city status application from a municipality with a population of less than 2,000 under circumstances it deemed extenuating. Under current legislation, any towns that were incorporated by special legislation or letters patent prior to September 1, 1979 or incorporated by any charter or letters patent approved under the ''Cities and Towns Act'' between September 1, 1979 and May 7, 1996 inclusive are subject to the ''Cities and Towns Act''.


Village municipalities

In Quebec, a
village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...
(French: ''village'') is an " /nowiki>ural agglomeration characterized by a more or less concentrated habitat, possessing essential services and offering a form of community life", while a village parish municipality (French: ''municipalité de village'') is the " /nowiki>erritory of a village erected into a municipality." The ''Municipal Code of Quebec'' applies to all village municipalities in Quebec. Quebec has 43 village municipalities that had a cumulative population of 45,931 in the 2021 Census of Population. Quebec's largest village municipality is Val-David with a population of 5,558, while
Kingsbury Kingsbury may refer to: Places United Kingdom * Kingsbury, London, a district of northwest London in the borough of Brent ** Kingsbury tube station, London Underground station * Kingsbury, Warwickshire, a village and civil parish in Warwickshi ...
is province's smallest village municipality with a population of 142. Quebec's largest and smallest village municipalities by area are Baie-Trinité and Lac-Poulin with land areas of and .


Parish municipalities

A
parish A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a priest, often termed a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or m ...
(French: ''paroisse'') in Quebec is an " /nowiki>cclesiastical district where the jurisdiction of a minister of religion (priest, pastor, etc.) is exercised", while a parish municipality (French: ''municipalité de paroisse'') is the " /nowiki>erritory of a parish erected into a municipality." The ''Municipal Code of Quebec'' applies to all parish municipalities in Quebec. Quebec has 135 parish municipalities that had a cumulative population of 140,794 in the 2021 Census of Population. Quebec's largest and smallest parish municipalities
Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel Notre-Dame-du-Mont-Carmel is a parish municipality in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada. Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population wi ...
and Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente with populations of 6,121 and 0. Quebec's largest and smallest parish municipalities by land area are
Saint-Alexis-des-Monts Saint-Alexis-des-Monts is a parish municipality in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada. It is located in the Laurentian Mountains, having a topography that is characterized by valleys and rounded hills, with an altitude varyi ...
and Notre-Dame-des-Anges with and .


Township municipalities

In Quebec, a
township A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Ca ...
(French: ''canton'') is an " /nowiki>erritorial unit of a system of division of space, generally rectangular in shape, used for the freehold concession of public lands", while a township municipality (French: ''municipalité de canton'') is the " /nowiki>erritory or part of territory of a township established as a municipality." The ''Municipal Code of Quebec'' applies to all township municipalities in Quebec. Quebec has 42 township municipalities that had a cumulative population of 48,124 and in the 2021 Census of Population. Quebec's largest and smallest township municipalities by population are Shefford and Ristigouche-Partie-Sud-Est with populations of 7,253 and 170. Quebec's largest and smallest township municipalities by area are
Nédélec Nédélec is a township municipality in western Quebec, Canada, in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. Name The name of the municipality recalls the name of Jean-Marie Nédélec who was an oblate and a missionary with the Algonquins ...
and
Bedford Bedford is a market town in Bedfordshire, England. At the 2011 Census, the population of the Bedford built-up area (including Biddenham and Kempston) was 106,940, making it the second-largest settlement in Bedfordshire, behind Luton, whilst ...
with land areas of and .


United township municipalities

A united township municipality (French: ''municipalité de cantons unis'') in Quebec is the " /nowiki>erritory of two or more neighbo /nowiki>ring townships erected into a municipality." The ''Municipal Code of Quebec'' applies to all united township municipalities in Quebec. Quebec has two united township municipalities that had a cumulative population of 10,002 and in the 2021 Census of Population.
Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury is a united township municipality (Quebec), united township municipality in the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Quebec, located in the regional county municipality of La Jacques-Cartier Regional Co ...
, the larger united township municipality, had a population of 9,682 and a land area of in 2021, while
Latulipe-et-Gaboury Latulipe-et-Gaboury is a united township municipality in northwestern Quebec, Canada, in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. The only other remaining united township municipality in Quebec is Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury. Demographics ...
had a population of 320 and a land area of .


Municipalities

A municipality (French: ''municipalité'') in Quebec is the " /nowiki>erritory over which a local authority is exercised in accordance with municipal laws." The ''Municipal Code of Quebec'' applies to all municipalities in Quebec. Quebec has 656 municipalities that are simply designated "municipalities". They had a cumulative population of 1,060,877 in the 2021 Census of Population. Quebec's largest and smallest municipalities are
Sainte-Sophie Sainte-Sophie is a municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the La Rivière-du-Nord Regional County Municipality. History The new Municipality of Sainte-Sophie was created on May 2, 2000, when the old Municipality of S ...
and Saint-Benoît-du-Lac with populations of 18,080 and 43. Quebec's largest and smallest municipalities by land area are Eeyou Istchee James Bay and Howick with and .


Cree village municipalities

In Quebec, a
Cree The Cree ( cr, néhinaw, script=Latn, , etc.; french: link=no, Cri) are a Indigenous peoples of the Americas, North American Indigenous people. They live primarily in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations in Canada ...
village (French: ''village cri'') is an " /nowiki>gglomeration inhabited mainly by the Crees and located on category 1A lands as defined in the
James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (french: Convention de la Baie-James et du Nord québécois) is an Aboriginal land claim settlement, approved in 1975 by the Cree and Inuit of northern Quebec, and later slightly modified in 1978 by th ...
", while a Cree village municipality (French: ''municipalité de village cri'') is the " /nowiki>erritory over which a local Cree authority is exercised in accordance with the Act respecting the Cree villages and the Naskapi village." ''The Cree Villages and the Naskapi Village Act'' applies to all Cree village municipalities in Quebec. Quebec has 8 Cree village municipalities of which 7 were unpopulated as of the 2021 Census of Population. With 10 residents,
Mistissini Mistissini ( cr, ᒥᔅᑎᓯᓃ/Mistisinî meaning Big Rock) is a Cree town located in the south-east corner of the largest natural lake in Quebec, Lake Mistassini. The town is inside the boundaries of the Baie-James Municipality and is the ...
was Quebec's only populated Cree village municipality as of 2021. The province's largest and smallest Cree village municipalities by area are Mistissini and
Nemaska Nemaska ( cr, ᓀᒥᔅᑳᐤ/Nemiskâw, meaning ''underwater point,'' but commonly associated with the word ''namesiskâw'', meaning ''many fish''.) is a small Cree community located on the shores of Lake Champion, in Quebec, Canada. It is a sm ...
with land areas of and .


Naskapi village municipalities

In Quebec, a
Naskapi The Naskapi (Nascapi, Naskapee, Nascapee) are an Indigenous people of the Subarctic native to the historical country St'aschinuw (ᒋᑦ ᐊᔅᒋᓄᐤ, meaning 'our nclusiveland'), which is located in northern Quebec and Labrador, neighb ...
village (French: ''village naskapi'') is an " /nowiki>gglomeration inhabited mainly by Naskapis and located on category 1A-N lands as defined in the Northeastern Quebec Agreement", while a Naskapi village municipality (French: ''municipalité de village naskapi'') is the " /nowiki>erritory over which a Naskapi local authority is exercised in accordance with the Act respecting the Cree villages and the Naskapi village." ''The Cree Villages and the Naskapi Village Act'' applies to the province's lone Naskapi village municipality in Quebec. Kawawachikamach is Quebec's only Naskapi village municipality. It had no residents and a land area of as of the 2021 Census of Population.


Northern village municipalities

In Quebec, a northern village municipality (French: ''municipalité de village nordique'') is the " /nowiki>erritory over which local authority is exercised in accordance with the Act respecting northern villages and the
Kativik Regional Government The Kativik Regional Government (french: Administration régionale Kativik, KGR) encompasses most of the Nunavik region of Quebec. Nunavik is the northern half of the Nord-du-Québec administrative region and includes all the territory north of ...
." ''Act Respecting Northern Villages and the Kativik Regional Government'' applies to all northern village municipalities in Quebec. The province has 14 northern village municipalities that had a cumulative population of 14,045 in the 2021 Census of Population. Quebec's largest northern village municipality is
Kuujjuaq Kuujjuaq (; iu, ᑰᑦᔪᐊᖅ, i=no or iu, ᑰᔾᔪᐊᖅ, i=no, label=none, "Great River"), formerly known as and by other names, is a former Hudson's Bay Company outpost at the mouth of the Koksoak River on Ungava Bay that has become t ...
with a population of 2,638, while
Aupaluk Aupaluk ( iu, ᐊᐅᐸᓗᒃ) ( 2021 Population: 233) is a northern village in Nunavik, in the Nord-du-Québec region of Quebec. It is the least-populous Inuit community in Nunavik. The name means "where the earth is red", referring to its ...
is province's smallest northern village municipality with a population of 233. Quebec's largest and smallest northern village municipalities by area are Kuujjuaq and
Kuujjuarapik Kuujjuarapik (also spelled Kuujjuaraapik; iu, ᑰᔾᔪᐊᕌᐱᒃ ''little great river'') is the southernmost northern village (Inuit community) at the mouth of the Great Whale River (french: Grande Rivière de la Baleine) on the coast of H ...
with land areas of and .


List of local municipalities


See also

*
Administrative divisions of Quebec The province of Quebec is divided into entities that deliver local government, along with other types of functional divisions. Local municipalities The primary level of local organization is the local municipality. This general term include ...
*
Classification of municipalities in Quebec The following is a list of the types of Local government in Quebec, local and Wiktionary:supralocal, supralocal territorial units in Quebec, including those used solely for statistical purposes, as defined by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Reg ...
*
List of census agglomerations in Quebec The tables below list Canada's 117 Census geographic units of Canada#Census agglomerations, census agglomerations at the Canada 2016 Census, 2016 Census, as determined by Statistics Canada, up from 113 in the Canada 2011 Census, 2011 Census. 2016 ...
*
List of communities in Quebec This is a list of communities in Quebec. Currently, local municipalities belonging to a regional county municipality are not listed, but they can be accessed through the link to their regional county municipality. For a complete list, see List of ...
*
List of designated places in Quebec A designated place is a type of geographic unit used by Statistics Canada to disseminate census data. It is usually "a small community that does not meet the criteria used to define incorporated municipalities or Statistics Canada Population cen ...
*
List of population centres in Quebec Population centre, in Canadian census data, is a populated place, or a cluster of interrelated populated places, which meets the demographic characteristics of an urban area, having a population of at least 1,000 people and a population density o ...
*
Municipal history of Quebec The municipal history of Quebec started in 1796 with the creation of administrations for Montréal and Quebec City, but it really developed immediately prior to the creation of the Province of Canada in 1841 with the formation of municipal distr ...


Notes


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Municipalities In Quebec Local government in Quebec
Municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
*