List of monarchs of Thailand

This article lists the monarchs of Thailand from the foundation of the Sukhothai Kingdom in 1238 until the present day.

Titles and naming conventions

In the Sukhothai Kingdom prior to political association with Ayutthaya, the monarch used the title ''Pho Khun'' ( th, พ่อขุน; 'Father'), while monarchs whose reigns ended disgracefully or was otherwise dishonorable are referred to by the title ''Phaya'' ( th, พญา; 'Lord'). Beginning with monarchs of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, '' thanandon'', the system of Thai royal ranks and titles, determines the style of the monarch's full regnal name, which consists of two or three central parts:
* The first part of the name is ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra'' ( th, พระบาทสมเด็จพระ, 'the King'). If the monarch was not crowned, ''Phra Bat'' is omitted. If the monarch's reign ended disgracefully or was otherwise dishonorable, ''Somdet'' is additionally omitted.
* The second part of the name is the monarch's bestowed regnal names, which may or may not include their birth name, and may include more names than how the monarch is referred to by historians. ''Maharaj'' ( th, มหาราช; 'the Great') is an example of one of these additional names.
* The third part of the name is ''Chao Yu Hua'' ( th, เจ้าอยู่หัว; 'His Majesty'), which is sometimes fully omitted. ''Yu Hua'' alone is also sometimes omitted, in which case ''Chao'' is moved to the end of the first part of the name.

A monarch's regnal name may be different from their birth name, their name as '' uparaja'' (viceroy), or their posthumous name and/or historical style. For example, the first king of the Chakri dynasty was born Thongduang, ruled as Ramathibodi, but is referred to posthumously as Phutthayotfa Chulalok the Great (Rama I). This list refers to the monarchs by their name as most commonly used by traditional historians, usually a section of the regnal name unless otherwise indicated.

Western nations referred to the monarch as the "King of Siam" ( la, Rex Siamensium), regardless of Thai titles, since the initiation of relations in the 16th century. Mongkut (Rama IV) was the first monarch to adopt the title in its Western capacity, at the same time the name ''Siam'' was first used in an international treaty. The kingdom's name changed to Thailand on 24 June 1939, then briefly back to Siam in 1946, before being permanently changed back to Thailand in 1948; the monarch's Western title changed accordingly.

Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438)

Tai peoples migrated into Mainland Southeast Asia in the 8th–10th centuries. In the years after, Northern Thai groups established various ''mueang'', among them Chiang Saen, which evolved into larger states, such as Ngoenyang.Wyatt, D. K. Thailand, A Short History, p. 35–38, Bangkok 2003 However, it was not until the decline of the Khmer Empire in the 13th century that a Central Thai kingdom, politically and culturally related to modern Siam or Thailand, was first founded.

Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1438)

The Phra Ruang dynasty was the first and only royal family to rule the Sukhothai Kingdom, the first Central Thai state. Established by Si Inthrathit in 1238, who declared independence from the Khmer Empire, the family laid the foundations for Thai dominance in mainland Southeast Asia. Under Ram Khamhaeng the Great, the initial Thai script was invented and Therāvada Buddhism was established as the state religion of Siam.Chakrabongse, C., 1960, ''Lords of Life'', London: Alvin Redman Limited

The dynasty is named after the ''Traiphum Phra Ruang'', a philosophical Buddhist cosmology book written by Maha Thammaracha I. Under Maha Thammaracha I, the kingdom was invaded by Ayutthaya, a neighboring Thai state, and Sukhothai became a tributary under Maha Thammaracha II.

In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the king ruled from the city of Sukhothai, while the heir presumptive would occasionally be named by the king to rule in Si Satchanalai as '' uparaja'', or viceroy. In 1438, Ayutthaya annexed Sukhothai at the death of Maha Thammaracha IV when Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya installed his son, Prince Ramesuan, as ''uparaja''. After unification with Ayutthaya, the tradition of ''uparaja'' would evolve into the Front Palace system.

Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)

1st Uthong dynasty (1351–1370)

1st Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388)

2nd Uthong dynasty (1388–1409)

2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)

Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629)

Prasat Thong dynasty (1629–1688)

Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)

Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)

Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)

Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–present)

Chakri dynasty (1782–present)

Timeline of monarchs

ImageSize = width:1200 height:auto barincrement:12
PlotArea = top:10 bottom:30 right:130 left:20

AlignBars = justify

DateFormat = yyyy
Period = from:1225 till:2030
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:100 start:1300
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:25 start:1250

Colors =
id:canvas value:rgb(1,1,1)
id:p value:rgb(0.5,0.75,1)
id:u value:rgb(0.75,0,0)
id:s value:red
id:d value:rgb(0.5,0.5,1)
id:h value:rgb(0.75,0.25,0.75)
id:b value:rgb(1,0.5,0.75)
id:t value:orange
id:c value:yellow
id:eon value:white

Backgroundcolors = canvas:canvas

BarData =
barset:Rulers
bar:eon

PlotData=
align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(0,-5)
bar:eon color:eon

from: 1238 till: 1350 color: p text:Phra Ruang
from: 1350 till: 1370 color: u text:Uthong
from: 1370 till: 1388 color: s text:
from: 1388 till: 1409 color: u text:
from: 1409 till: 1569 color: s text:Suphannaphum
from: 1569 till: 1629 color: d text:Sukhothai
from: 1629 till: 1688 color: h text:Prasat Thong
from: 1688 till: 1767 color: b text:Ban Phlu Luang
from: 1767 till: 1782 color: t text:Thonburi
from: 1782 till: 2022 color: c text:Chakri

width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
barset:Rulers

from:1238 till: 1270 color:p text:" Si Inthrathit"
from:1270 till: 1271 color:p text:" Ban Mueang"
from:1279 till: 1298 color:p text:" Ram Khamhaeng"
from:1298 till: 1323 color:p text:" Loe Thai"
from:1323 till: 1347 color:p text:"Ngua Nam Thum"
from:1347 till: 1368 color:p text:"Mahathammaracha I"
from:1368 till: 1399 color:p text:"Mahathammaracha II"
from:1400 till: 1419 color:p text:" Mahathammaracha III"
from:1410 till: 1438 color:p text:"Mahathammaracha IV"

from:1350 till: 1369 color:u text:"Ramathibodi I"
from:1369 till: 1370 color:u text:" Ramesuan"

from:1370 till: 1388 color:s text:" Borommarachathirat I"
from:1388 till: 1388 color:s text:"Thong Lan"

from:1388 till: 1395 color:u text:" Ramesuan"
from:1395 till: 1409 color:u text:"Ramrachathirat"

from:1409 till: 1424 color:s text:" Intharacha"
from:1424 till: 1448 color:s text:" Borommarachathirat II"
from:1448 till: 1488 color:s text:" Borommatrailokkanat"
from:1488 till: 1491 color:s text:" Borommarachathirat III"
from:1491 till: 1529 color:s text:"Ramathibodi II"
from:1529 till: 1533 color:s text:"Borommarachathirat IV"
from:1533 till: 1533 color:s text:"Ratsadathirat"
from:1533 till: 1546 color:s text:" Chairacha"
from:1546 till: 1548 color:s text:"Yodfa"
from:1548 till: 1548 color:s text:" Worawongsathirat"
from:1548 till: 1564 color:s text:"Maha Chakkraphat"
from:1564 till: 1569 color:s text:"Mahinthrathirat"

from:1569 till: 1590 color:d text:" Sanphet I"
from:1590 till: 1605 color:d text:" Sanphet II"
from:1605 till: 1620 color:d text:" Sanphet III"
from:1620 till: 1620 color:d text:" Sanphet IV"
from:1620 till: 1628 color:d text:"Borommaracha I"
from:1628 till: 1629 color:d text:" Borommaracha II"
from:1629 till: 1629 color:d text:"Athittayawong"

from:1629 till: 1656 color:h text:" Sanphet V"
from:1656 till: 1656 color:h text:" Sanphet VI"
from:1656 till: 1656 color:h text:" Sanphet VII"
from:1656 till: 1688 color:h text:" Ramathibodi III"

from:1688 till: 1703 color:b text:" Phetracha"
from:1703 till: 1709 color:b text:" Sanphet VIII"
from:1709 till: 1733 color:b text:" Sanphet IX"
from:1733 till: 1758 color:b text:" Borommarachathirat V"
from:1758 till: 1758 color:b text:" Borommarachathirat VI"
from:1758 till: 1767 color:b text:"Borommaracha III"

from:1767 till: 1782 color:t text:" Taksin"

from:1782 till: 1809 color:c text:" Rama I"
from:1809 till: 1824 color:c text:" Rama II"
from:1824 till: 1851 color:c text:" Rama III"
from:1851 till: 1868 color:c text:" Rama IV"
from:1868 till: 1910 color:c text:" Rama V"
from:1910 till: 1925 color:c text:" Rama VI"
from:1925 till: 1935 color:c text:"Rama VII"
from:1935 till: 1946 color:c text:"Rama VIII"
from:1946 till: 2016 color:c text:"Rama IX"
from:2016 till: 2022 color:c text:"Rama X"

barset:skip

Family Tree of the Thai Monarchy

See also

* Family tree of Thai monarchs
* Monarchy of Thailand
* List of rulers of Lan Na
* List of Thai royal consorts
*Rama (Kings of Thailand)
* Chakri dynasty
*Regent of Thailand
*Thailand

Notes

Bibliography

*
*
*
*
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thai Monarchs
Thai monarchs
Thailand
Monarchs