Since the first synthetic cannabinoids were discovered in recreational drug products in 2008, new synthetic cannabinoids with no precedent in the scientific literature continue to be identified. These synthetic cannabinoids appear to be rationally designed by clandestine medicinal chemists. These unprecedented synthetic cannabinoids often feature alphanumeric code names intended to mimic the style of chemical nomenclature used by academic laboratories and pharmaceutical companies, and there is generally little, if any, information available regarding their pharmacology and toxicology at the time of first discovery. *

5F-AB-PINACA 5F-AB-PINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is derived from a series of compounds originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication, and has been sold online as a designer drug. 5F-AB-PINACA has been reported to ...

— the terminally fluorinated (5-fluoropentyl) analogue of

AB-PINACA AB-PINACA is a compound that was first identified as a component of synthetic cannabis products in Japan in 2012. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication. AB-PINACA acts as a potent agonist for the CB1 recep ...

. *

5F-AMB 5F-AMB (also known as 5F-MMB-PINACA and 5F-AMB-PINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family, which has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products. It was first identified in Japa ...

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5F-ADB 5F-ADB (also known as 5F-MDMB-PINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family, which has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and has been sold online as a designer drug. 5F-A ...

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5F-NNE1 5F-NNE1 (also known as 5F-NNEI and 5F-MN-24) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. Given the known metabolic liberation (and presence as ...

— *

5F-PCN 5F-PCN (also known as 5F-MN-21) is an azaindole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is closely related to NNE1. Given the known metabolic libera ...

— * 5F-SDB-006 — the terminally fluorinated (5-fluoropentyl) analogue of

SDB-006 SDB-006 is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with an EC50 of 19 nM for human CB2 receptors, and 134 nM for human CB1 receptors. It was discovered during research into the related compound SDB-001 which had been ...

. *

AB-001 AB-001 (1-pentyl-3-(1-adamantoyl)indole) is a designer drug that was found as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis smoking blends in Ireland in 2010 and Hungary and Germany in 2011. It is unclear who AB-001 was originally developed by, but it is ...

— one of the earliest

adamantane Adamantane is an organic compound with a formula C10H16 or, more descriptively, (CH)4(CH2)6. Adamantane molecules can be described as the fusion of three cyclohexane rings. The molecule is both rigid and virtually stress-free. Adamantane is the ...

derivatives discovered as a designer cannabinoid. AB-001 was unknown in the scientific literature at the time of its discovery, and has since been characterized as a CB₁ and CB₂ agonist with weak cannabimimetic activity in rats. *

AB-005 AB-005 or -[(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl1''H''-indol-3-yl">1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl.html" ;"title="-[(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl">-[(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methyl1''H''-indol-3-yl2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)-methanone is a designer ...

— * AB-CHMINACA — * ADAMANTYL-THPINACA — * AMB-FUBINACA * APICA (synthetic cannabinoid drug), APICA — also known as 2NE1 and SDB-001, APICA is the carboxamide analogue of AB-001 and was similarly unknown in the scientific literature at the time of its discovery. Like AB-001, APICA is a CB₁ and CB₂ agonist possessing moderate cannabimimetic potency in rats. *

APINACA APINACA (AKB48, ''N''-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1''H''-indazole-3-carboxamide) is a drug that acts as a reasonably potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with a Ki of 304.5nM and an EC50 of 585nM at CB1. It had never previously been report ...

— also known as AKB-48.

is the indazole analogue of APICA. * BB-22 — *

BIM-018 BIM-018 is a synthetic cannabinoid that is the benzimidazole analog of JWH-018. It is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB2 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. Related benzimidazole derivatives have been reported to be h ...

— also known as JWH-018 benzimidazole analogue, is a 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole analogue of

JWH-018 JWH-018 (1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole, NA-PIMO or AM-678) is an analgesic chemical from the naphthoylindole family that acts as a full agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, with some selectivity for CB2. It produces effects in ...

. * FAB-144 — the indazole analogue of

XLR-11 XLR-11 (5"-fluoro-UR-144 or 5F-UR-144) is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 with EC50 values of 98 nM and 83 nM, respectively. It is a 3-(tetramethylcyclopropylmethanoyl)indole derivative related t ...

. *

FDU-NNE1 FDU-NNE1 (also known as FDU-NNEI and FDU-MN-24) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. Given the known metabolic liberation (and presence ...

FUB-144 FUB-144 (also known as FUB-UR-144) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is an analogue of UR-144 and XLR-11 where the pentyl chain ...

— the ''N''-(4-fluorobenzyl) analogue of

UR-144 UR-144 (TMCP-018, KM-X1, MN-001, YX-17) is a drug invented by Abbott Laboratories, that acts as a selective full agonist of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2, but with much lower affinity for the psychoactive CB1 receptor. Pharmacology ...

and

. *

FUBIMINA FUBIMINA (also known as BIM-2201, BZ-2201 and FTHJ) is a synthetic cannabinoid that is the benzimidazole analog of AM-2201 and has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products. It was first identified in Japan in 2013, alo ...

— the terminally fluorinated (5-fluoro) analogue of

. *

MDMB-CHMICA MDMB-CHMICA is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. While MDMB-CHMICA was initially sold under the name "MMB-CHMINACA", the compound corresponding to this ...

MDMB-FUBINACA MDMB-FUBINACA (also known as MDMB(N)-Bz-F and FUB-MDMB) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with ''K''i values of 1.14 nM at CB1 and 0.1228 nM at CB2 and EC50 values ...

MMB-2201 MMB-2201 (also known as 5F-MMB-PICA, 5F-AMB-PICA, and I-AMB) is a potent indole-3-carboxamide based synthetic cannabinoid, which has been sold as a designer drug and as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis blends. It was first reported in ...

* MN-18 — the indazole analogue of

NNE1 NNE1 (also known as NNEI, MN-24 and AM-6527) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid, representing a molecular hybrid of APICA and JWH-018 that is an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with ''K''i values of 60.09 nM at CB1 and 45 ...

. *

NM-2201 NM-2201 (also known as CBL-2201) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that presumably has similar properties to the closely related 5F-PB-22 and NNE1, which are both full agonists and unselectively bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors with low n ...

— *

— also known as NNEI,

MN-24 NNE1 (also known as NNEI, MN-24 and AM-6527) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid, representing a molecular hybrid of APICA and JWH-018 that is an agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with ''K''i values of 60.09 nM at CB1 and 45.29 ...

and AM-6527, is the carboxamide analogue of

. NNE1 was first described in a paper by Abbott Laboratories in 2011. *

PB-22 PB-22 (QUPIC, SGT-21 or 1-pentyl-1''H''-indole-3-carboxylic acid 8-quinolinyl ester) is a designer drug offered by online vendors as a cannabimimetic agent, and detected being sold in synthetic cannabis products in Japan in 2013. PB-22 represent ...

— *

PX-1 PX-1 (also known as 5F-APP-PICA and SRF-30) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug. Legality Sweden's public health agency suggested classifying PX-1 as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014. PX ...

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PX-2 PX-2 (also known as 5F-APP-PINACA, FU-PX and PPA(N)-2201) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug. It contains a phenylalanine amino acid amide as part of its structure. Legality Sweden's public he ...

— *

PX-3 PX-3 (also known as APP-CHMINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor with a binding affinity of ''K''i = 47.6 nM and was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic m ...

— *

SDB-005 SDB-005 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is presumed to be an agonist of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. SDB-005 is the indazole core analog of PB-22 where the 8-hydroxyquinoline ...

— *

— is a benzylic analogue of APICA, and was discovered during research related to AB-001 and APICA. *

STS-135 STS-135 ( ISS assembly flight ULF7) was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter ''Atlantis'' and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 la ...

— the terminally fluorinated (5-fluoro) analogue of APICA.

is believed to be named after the

jet propulsion system, and functions as an agonist at CB₁ and CB₂ receptors. *

THJ-018 THJ-018 (SGT-17) is a synthetic cannabinoid that is the indazole analogue of JWH-018 and has been sold online as a designer drug. Pharmacology THJ-018 acts as a full agonist with a binding affinity of 5.84 nM at CB1 and 4.57 nM at CB ...

— the indazole analogue of

. *

THJ-2201 THJ-2201 is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that presumably acts as a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is a structural analog of AM-2201 in which the central indole ring has been rep ...

— the indazole analogue of

AM-2201 AM-2201 (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole) is a recreational designer drug that acts as a potent but nonselective full agonist for the cannabinoid receptor. It is part of the AM series of cannabinoids discovered by Alexandros Makriyanni ...

. *

WIN 55,212-2 WIN 55,212-2 is a chemical described as an aminoalkylindole derivative, which produces effects similar to those of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but has an entirely different chemical structure. WIN 55,212-2 is a potent canna ...

— *

— the terminally fluorinated (5-fluoro) analogue of

. * XLR-12 — the terminally trifluorinated (4,4,4-trifluorobutyl) analogue of

See also