This is a list of conflicts in Africa arranged by country, both on the continent and associated islands, including wars between African nations, civil wars, and wars involving non-African nations that took place within Africa. It encompasses colonial wars, wars of independence, secessionist and separatist conflicts, major episodes of national violence (riots, massacres, etc.), and global conflicts in which Africa was a theatre of war.

African Great Lakes The African Great Lakes ( sw, Maziwa Makuu; rw, Ibiyaga bigari) are a series of lakes constituting the part of the Rift Valley lakes in and around the East African Rift. They include Lake Victoria, the second-largest fresh water lake in the ...

Burundi Burundi (, ), officially the Republic of Burundi ( rn, Repuburika y’Uburundi ; Swahili language, Swahili: ''Jamuhuri ya Burundi''; French language, French: ''République du Burundi'' ), is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the ...

*1972

Burundi genocide Mass killings of Tutsis were conducted by the majority-Hutu populace in Burundi from 21 October to December 1993, under an eruption of ethnic animosity and riots following the assassination of Burundian President Melchior Ndadaye in an attempt ...

*October 21, 1993 – August 2005

Burundi Civil War The Burundian Civil War was a civil war in Burundi lasting from 1993 to 2005. The civil war was the result of longstanding ethnic divisions between the Hutu and the Tutsi ethnic groups. The conflict began following the first multi-party electio ...

**December 28, 2000

Titanic Express Massacre The Titanic Express massacre was an event which took place on 28 December 2000, in which 21 people were killed in an attack on a ''Titanic Express'' bus, close to Bujumbura (the then-capital of Burundi). The passengers, who had traveled from ...

**September 9, 2002 Itaba Massacre **August 13, 2004 Gatumba Massacre *April 26, 2015 – 17 May 2018 Burundian unrest

Rwanda Rwanda (; rw, u Rwanda ), officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator ...

*October 1, 1990 – July 18, 1994

Rwandan Civil War The Rwandan Civil War was a large-scale civil war in Rwanda which was fought between the Rwandan Armed Forces, representing the country's government, and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) from 1October 1990 to 18 July 1994. The war arose ...

**April 7, 1994 – July 15, 1994

Rwandan genocide The Rwandan genocide occurred between 7 April and 15 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. During this period of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi minority ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Twa, were killed by armed Hutu ...

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

*August 3, 1914 – November 1918 East African Campaign (World War I) *June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II) *1952–1960

Mau Mau Uprising The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the ''Mau Mau'', an ...

*1963–1967 Shifta War *1980 Garissa Massacre *February 10, 1984

Wagalla massacre The Wagalla massacre was a massacre of ethnic Somalis by the Kenyan Army on 10 February 1984 in Wajir County, Kenya. Daniel arap Moi opened barracks near Wagalla, where he brought soldiers to 'discipline the villagers irrespective of age'. Mas ...

*1987–1990 Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict *2005 Turbi Village Massacre *

2007–2008 Kenyan crisis The 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis was a violent political, economic, and humanitarian crisis that erupted in Kenya after former President Mwai Kibaki was declared the winner of the presidential election held on December 27, 2007. Supporters of Ki ...

*2017 2017 Kenyan general election violence

South Sudan South Sudan (; din, Paguot Thudän), officially the Republic of South Sudan ( din, Paankɔc Cuëny Thudän), is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the C ...

*May 26, 2009 – ''ongoing'' Sudanese nomadic conflicts *January 7, 2011 – ''ongoing''

Ethnic violence in South Sudan Ethnic violence in South Sudan has a long history among South Sudan's varied ethnic groups. South Sudan has 64 tribes with the largest being the Dinkas, who constitute about 35% of the population Sudan–SRF conflict The Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile is an armed conflict in the Sudanese southern states of South Kordofan and Blue Nile between the Sudanese Army (SAF) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N), a northern affili ...

*March 26, 2012 – September 26, 2012

Sudan–South Sudan Border War The Heglig Crisis was a brief war fought between the countries of Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between South Sudan's Unity and Sudan's South Kordofan states. South Sudan invaded and briefly occupied the small border town ...

(

Heglig Crisis The Heglig Crisis was a brief war fought between the countries of Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 over oil-rich regions between South Sudan's Unity and Sudan's South Kordofan states. South Sudan invaded and briefly occupied the small border town ...

) *December 15, 2013 – February 22, 2020

South Sudanese Civil War The South Sudanese Civil War was a multi-sided civil war in South Sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. In December 2013, President Kiir accused his former deputy Riek Machar and ten others of attempting a coup d'état. ...

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

*1964

Zanzibar Revolution The Zanzibar Revolution () occurred in January 1964 and led to the overthrow of the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government by local Africans. Zanzibar was an ethnically diverse state consisting of a number of islands off the east co ...

*1972 Invasion of Uganda *1978–1979

Uganda–Tanzania War The Uganda–Tanzania War, known in Tanzania as the Kagera War (Kiswahili: ''Vita vya Kagera'') and in Uganda as the 1979 Liberation War, was fought between Uganda and Tanzania from October 1978 until June 1979 and led to the overthrow of Uganda ...

Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...

*January 25, 1971

Coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...

*1972 Invasion of Uganda *July 4, 1976

Operation Entebbe Operation Entebbe, also known as the Entebbe Raid or Operation Thunderbolt, was a counter-terrorist hostage-rescue mission carried out by commandos of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at Entebbe Airport in Uganda on 4 July 1976. A week ear ...

*October 30, 1978 – April 11, 1979 Uganda-Tanzania War **April 11, 1979

Fall of Kampala The Fall of Kampala, also known as the Liberation of Kampala ( Kiswahili: ''Kukombolewa kwa Kampala''), was a battle during the Uganda–Tanzania War in 1979, in which the combined forces of Tanzania and the Uganda National Liberation Front ...

*1980–1985

Uganda National Rescue Front The Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF), refers to two former armed rebel groups in Uganda's West Nile sub-region that first opposed, then became incorporated into the Ugandan armed forces. UNRF The first Uganda National Rescue Front, also known ...

*1982–1986 Ugandan Civil War *1986–1988

Uganda People's Democratic Army The Uganda People's Democratic Army (UPDA) was a rebel group operating in northern Uganda from March 1986 to June 1988. In January 1986, the government of Ugandan President Tito Okello was overthrown by the rebel National Resistance Army (NRA) ...

*1986–1987

Holy Spirit Movement The Holy Spirit Movement (HSM) is a spiritual/religious movement and Ugandan rebel group centered around founder Alice Lakwena (Auma) and the spirits that possessed her. Alice, an ethnic Acholi, was purportedly directed to form the HSM by Lakwena ...

*1987–1990 Kenyan-Ugandan border conflict *1987–''ongoing''

Lord's Resistance Army The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), also known as the Lord's Resistance Movement, is a rebel group and heterodox Christian group which operates in northern Uganda, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of the Co ...

*1996–''ongoing''

Allied Democratic Forces The Allied Democratic Forces (french: Forces démocratiques alliées; abbreviated ADF) is an Islamist rebel group in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), considered a terrorist organisation by the Ugandan government. It was or ...

*1996–2002

Uganda National Rescue Front II The Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF), refers to two former armed rebel groups in Uganda's West Nile sub-region that first opposed, then became incorporated into the Ugandan armed forces. UNRF The first Uganda National Rescue Front, also known ...

Central Africa Central Africa is a subregion of the African continent comprising various countries according to different definitions. Angola, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, ...

Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...

*1804–1808

Fulani War The Fulani War of 1804–1808, also known as the Fulani Jihad or Jihad of Usman dan Fodio, was a military conflict in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The war began when Usman Dan Fodiyo, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled ...

*1835–1836

Fula jihads The Fula (or Fulani) jihads ( ar, جهاد الفولا) sometimes called the Fulani revolution were a series of jihads that occurred across West Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries, led largely by the Muslim Fula people. The jihads and ...

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

*September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

*July 2 2006 - ''ongoing''

Bakassi conflict The Bakassi conflict is an ongoing insurgency which started in 2006, in the Bakassi Peninsula of Cameroon waged by local separatists against Cameroonian government forces. After the independence of Cameroon and Nigeria the border between them wa ...

*March 2014 – ''ongoing''

Boko Haram insurgency The Boko Haram insurgency began in July 2009, when the militant Islamist and jihadist rebel group Boko Haram started an armed rebellion against the government of Nigeria. The conflict is taking place within the context of long-standing iss ...

*September 9 2017 - ''ongoing''

Anglophone Crisis The Anglophone Crisis (), also known as the Ambazonia War or the Cameroonian Civil War, is an ongoing civil war in the Northwest and Southwest regions of Cameroon, part of the long-standing Anglophone problem. Following the suppression of the 2 ...

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...

*1928–1931

Kongo-Wara rebellion The Kongo-Wara rebellion, also known as the War of the Hoe Handle and the Baya War, was a rural, anticolonial rebellion in the former colonies of French Equatorial Africa and French Cameroon which began as a result of recruitment of the native popu ...

*1987–present

Lord's Resistance Army insurgency The Lord's Resistance Army insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign waged by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) insurgent group since 1987. Currently, there is low-level LRA activity in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Ce ...

*2004–2007

Central African Republic Bush War The Central African Republic Bush War was a civil war in the Central African Republic between Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) rebels and government forces. The rebellion began after François Bozizé seized the nation's preside ...

*2012–present

Central African Republic Civil War {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Central African Republic Civil War , image = , caption = Current military situation in Central African Republic (For a detailed map of the current military situation, see ...

**13 April 2013 – 10 January 2014

Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center (disambiguation), center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa ...

Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic ...

Kanem Empire Kanem may refer to: * Kanem–Bornu Empire, existed in modern Chad and Nigeria known to Arabian geographers from the 9th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900 * Kanem Prefecture, of former prefectures of Chad * ...

* 1203–1243

Dunama Dabbalemi Dunama Dabbalemi, or Dounama Dibbalém, of the Sayfawa dynasty, was the ''mai'' (king) of the Kanem Empire, in present-day Chad, from 1210 to 1224. A fervent Muslim, Dabbalemi initiated diplomatic exchanges with sultans in North Africa and appar ...

, of the

Sayfawa dynasty Sayfawa dynasty, Sefouwa, Sefawa, or Sefuwa dynasty is the name of the Muslim kings (or ''mai'', as they called themselves) of the Kanem–Bornu Empire, centered first in Kanem in western Chad, and then, after 1380, in Borno (today north-easter ...

, mai of the

Kanem Empire Kanem may refer to: * Kanem–Bornu Empire, existed in modern Chad and Nigeria known to Arabian geographers from the 9th century AD onward and lasted as the independent kingdom of Bornu until 1900 * Kanem Prefecture, of former prefectures of Chad * ...

, declared

jihad Jihad (; ar, جهاد, jihād ) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. In an Islamic context, it can refer to almost any effort to make personal and social life conform with Go ...

against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest *c. 1342 - c. 1388 Fall of Kanem **c. 1342 - c. 1352 Sao Resurgence **c. 1376 - c. 1388 Bulala Invasion

French Chad Chad was a part of the French colonial empire from 1900 to 1960. Colonial rule under the French began in 1900 when the Military Territory of Chad was established. From 1905, Chad was linked to the federation of French colonial possessions in Mi ...

* 1909-1911 Ouaddai War * 1915 - 15 November 1917 Massacre des coupes-coupes (in Arabic: Kabkab Massacre, مجزرة كبكب)

Republic of Chad Chad (; ar, تشاد , ; french: Tchad, ), officially the Republic of Chad, '; ) is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic t ...

* 1 November 1965 Mangalmé riots * 1965-2010 War in Chad ** 1965-2010 Chadian Civil War *** 1965-1970 Civil war in Chad *** 1979-1982 Civil war in Chad *** 1998-2002 Civil war in Chad ** 18 December 2005 - 15 January 2010 Civil war in Chad *** 18 December 2005

Battle of Adré The Battle of Adré took place in Adré, Chad on 18 December 2005. The battle began when the Chadian rebel groups Rally for Democracy and Liberty (RDL) and Platform for Change, Unity, and Democracy (SCUD), allegedly backed by the government of Su ...

*** 6 January 2006 Borota raid *** 6 March 2006 Amdjereme raid *** 13 April 2006 Battle of N'Djamena *** 1 May 2006 Dalola raid *** 2-4 February 2008 Battle of N'Djamena *** 18 June 2008 Battle of Am Zoer *** 7 May 2009 Battle of Am Dam *** 24-28 April 2010

Battle of Tamassi The Battle of Tamassi took place around the village of Tamassi in Eastern Chad during the Chadian Civil War. This was the last major military engagement fought during the war until a peace deal was reached later that year. Battle On 24 April, ...

** 1978-1987 Chadian-Libyan conflict *** 1983-1984

Operation Manta Operation Manta was a French military intervention in Chad between 1983 and 1984, during the Chadian–Libyan conflict. The operation was prompted by the invasion of Chad by a joint force of Libyan units and Chadian Transitional Government of Na ...

*** 13 February 1986-2014 Opération Épervier *** 1986 Tibesti War *** 16 December 1986 - 11 September 1987

Toyota War The Toyota War (, ) or Great Toyota War was the last phase of the Chadian–Libyan conflict, which took place in 1987 in Northern Chad and on the Libyan–Chadian border. It takes its name from the Toyota pickup trucks used, primarily the Toyota ...

* 11 April 2002 - ''ongoing'' Insurgency in the Maghreb

Congo (Republic of)

*1665–1709

Kongo Civil War The Kongo Civil War (1665–1709) was a war of succession between rival houses of the Kingdom of Kongo. The war waged throughout the middle of the 17th and 18th centuries pitting partisans of the House of Kinlaza against the House of Kimpanzu. N ...

* Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94) *1997–1999

Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–1999) The Second Republic of the Congo Civil War was the second of two ethnopolitical civil conflicts in the Republic of the Congo, beginning on 5 June 1997 and continuing until 29 December 1999. The war served as the continuation of the civil war ...

*2016–2017

The Pool War The Pool War was a conflict between the Republic of the Congo and the Ninja militia in the Pool Department, a department in the southeastern part of the country. Tensions grew between Frédéric Bintsamou (also known as Pastor Ntumi) and Co ...

Congo (Democratic Republic of)

*1892–1894 Congo Arab war *1895–1908

Batetela rebellion The Batetela rebellion (french: Révolte des Batetela) was a series of three mutiny, military mutinies and a subsequent low-level insurgency which was attributed to members of the Tetela people, Tetela ethnic group in the Congo Free State between 1 ...

*28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918

*1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945

*July 5, 1960 – November 25, 1965

Congo Crisis The Congo Crisis (french: Crise congolaise, link=no) was a period of political upheaval and conflict between 1960 and 1965 in the Republic of the Congo (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The crisis began almost immediately after ...

**1964

Simba Rebellion The Simba rebellion, also known as the Orientale revolt, was a regional uprising which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1963 and 1965 in the wider context of the Congo Crisis and the Cold War. The rebellion, located in t ...

*1960–''ongoing''

Katanga insurgency The Katanga insurgency is an ongoing rebellion by a number of rebel groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, some of which aim for the creation of a separate state within Katanga. While the insurgency has been active in various forms since ...

*March 8, 1977 – May 26, 1977

Shaba I Shaba I was a conflict in Zaire's Shaba (Katanga) Province lasting from March 8 to May 26, 1977. The conflict began when the Front for the National Liberation of the Congo (FNLC), a group of about 2,000 Katangan Congolese soldiers who were vete ...

*May 11, 1978 – June 1978

Shaba II Shaba II was a brief conflict fought in the Zairean province of Shaba (now Katanga) in 1978. The conflict broke out on 11 May 1978 after 6,500 rebels from the Congolese National Liberation Front (FNLC), a Katangese separatist militia, crossed t ...

*1987–''ongoing''

*1996–''ongoing'' ADF insurgency *October 24, 1996 – May 16, 1997

First Congo War The First Congo War, group=lower-alpha (1996–1997), also nicknamed Africa's First World War, was a civil war and international military conflict which took place mostly in Zaire (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo), with major spillo ...

*August 2, 1998 – July 18, 2003

Second Congo War The Second Congo War,, group=lower-alpha also known as the Great War of Africa or the Great African War and sometimes referred to as the African World War, began in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in August 1998, little more than a year a ...

**1999–''ongoing''

Ituri Conflict The Ituri conflict (french: Guerre d'Ituri) is an ongoing conflict between the agriculturalist Lendu and pastoralist Hema ethnic groups in the Ituri region of the north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). While the two groups had ...

**2004–''ongoing'' Kivu Conflict **2012–2013

M23 rebellion The M23 rebellion was an armed conflict in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), that occurred between the March 23 Movement and government forces. The rebellion was part of continued fighting in the region after the formal end ...

**December 2013 – 2018 Batwa-Luba clashes *8 August 2016 – 2019

Kamwina Nsapu rebellion The Kamwina Nsapu rebellion, also spelled Kamuina Nsapu rebellion, was an uprising that took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 2016 and 2019. It was instigated by the Kamwina Nsapu militia against state security forces in the ...

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe (; pt, São Tomé e Príncipe (); English: " Saint Thomas and Prince"), officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ( pt, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe), is a Portuguese-speaking i ...

*February 3, 1953

Batepá Massacre Batepá is a village on São Tomé Island in São Tomé and Príncipe. Its population is 775 (2012 census).Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...

Djibouti Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...

*November 1991 – December 1994

Djiboutian Civil War The Djiboutian Civil War (also known as the First Afar insurgency) was a conflict in Djibouti, lasting from 1991 to 1994 and resulting in thousands of fatalities. This uneven power sharing between the Issas and Afars led to the Civil War that rava ...

*June 10, 2008 – June 13, 2008

Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict The Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict between the forces of Djibouti and Eritrea occurred between June 10 and June 13, 2008.Other name combinations are also used for this conflict which is also described as a ''war'', ''border war'', and ''dis ...

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

Italian Eritrea Italian Eritrea ( it, Colonia Eritrea, "Colony of Eritrea") was a colony of the Kingdom of Italy in the territory of present-day Eritrea. The first Italian establishment in the area was the purchase of Assab by the Rubattino Shipping Company in ...

* 1895-1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War ** 13 January 1895

Battle of Coatit The Battle of Coatit was fought on 13 January 1895 between Italy and Ethiopian proxies led by Tigrayan warlord Ras Mengesha Yohannes in what is now Eritrea. It was the opening battle of the First Italo–Ethiopian War, and was a significant vi ...

* 3 October 1935 - May 1936

Second Italo-Ethiopian War The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression which was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from October 1935 to February 1937. In Ethiopia it is often referred to simply as the Itali ...

** 3 October 1935 - December 1935

De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia De Bono's invasion of Ethiopia took place during the opening stages of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Italian General Emilio De Bono invaded northern Ethiopia from staging areas in the Italian colony of Eritrea on what was known as the "norther ...

Italian East Africa Italian East Africa ( it, Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 through the merger of Italian Somalia, Italian Eritrea, and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire, conquered in the Seco ...

* 10 June 1940 - 27 November 1941

** 10 June 1940 - 2 May 1945

Mediterranean and Middle East theatre The Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre was a major theatre of operations during the Second World War. The vast size of the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre saw interconnected naval, land, and air campaigns fought for control of the Medi ...

*** 10 June 1940 - 27 November 1941 East African Campaign **** 5 February 1941 - 1 April 1941

Battle of Keren The Battle of Keren ( it, Battaglia di Cheren) took place from 3 February to 27 March 1941. Keren was attacked by the British during the East African Campaign of the Second World War. A force of Italian regular and colonial troops defended th ...

Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea The Ethiopian–Eritrean Federation was a coalition between the former Italian colony of Eritrea and the Ethiopian Empire. It was established as a result of the renunciation of Italy’s rights and titles to territorial possessions in Africa, i ...

* 1 September 1961 - 29 May 1991

Eritrean War of Independence The Eritrean War of Independence was a war for independence which Eritrean independence fighters waged against successive Ethiopian governments from 1 September 1961 to 24 May 1991. Eritrea was an Italian colony from the 1880s until the d ...

** 24 July 1967 - 172 men killed in Hazemo ** 1967 - 50 students suspected of being members of the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) had been hanged in the centre of

Agordat Agordat; also Akordat or Ak'ordat) is a city in Gash-Barka, Eritrea. It was the capital of the former Barka province, which was situated between the present-day Gash-Barka and Anseba regions. History Excavations in Agordat uncovered pottery re ...

. ** 17 January 1970 - 60 village elders in

Elabared The Elabored ( tig, ዒላበርዕድ ar, علابرعد, sometimes spelt Elabered) Sub-Zone is home to the Elabered Estate, a large state owned farm producing amongst other things citrus fruits and tomatoes. The farm is irrigated during Eritr ...

had been rounded up for supporting the

Eritrean Liberation Front ar, جبهة التحرير الإريترية it, Fronte di Liberazione Eritreo , war = the Ethiopian Civil War, Eritrean War of Independence and the Eritrean Civil Wars , image = , caption = Flag of the ELF ...

and killed. ** 30 November 1970 - 121 people in Basik Dera had been rounded up into the local mosque and killed. ** 1 December 1970 - Ethiopian Army units surrounded and killed 625 people in Ona, and burned the village down ** 28 December 1974 - 45 students in

Asmara Asmara ( ), or Asmera, is the capital and most populous city of Eritrea, in the country's Central Region. It sits at an elevation of , making it the sixth highest capital in the world by altitude and the second highest capital in Africa. The ...

were strangled to death and their bodies dumped in alleyways and doorsteps ** 2 February 1975 - During an engagement with the EPLF and the ELF, the Ethiopian Army attacked the church where 103 villagers in Woki Duba had taken refuge ** 14 February 1975 - Ethiopian troops fired on and killed 300-3,000 civilians in

and nearby villages ** 9 March 1975 - Ethiopian troops killed 208 civilians in

** August 1975 - 250 villagers in

Om Hajer Omhajer ( ar, أم هاجر) is a town in Eritrea. It is the center of the Omhajer Subregion Om Hajar Subregion ( ar, ام حجر) is a subregion in the western Gash-Barka region (Zoba Gash-Barka) of Eritrea. Its capital lies at Om Hajar. The ...

were machine-gunned in front of a river ** April 1988 - Three killed by aerial attacks in

** 5 December 1988 - 400 killed in

She'eb She'eb ( tig, ሽዕብ) is a town in the Northern Red Sea region of Eritrea. It lies on the fertile plain at the foot of the eastern escarpment of the Eritrean Highlands. History It was the site of a massacre during the Eritrean War of Independen ...

** 3-4 April 1990 - Aerial attacks in Afabet killed 67 and wounded 125 ** 24 April 1990 - Aerial attacks and cluster bombs in Massawa killed 50 and wounded 110 ** 1977-1978 Battle of Massawa ** 1977 Siege of Barentu ** 17-20 March 1988

Battle of Afabet The Battle of Afabet was fought from 17 March through 20 March 1988 in and around the town of Afabet, as part of the Eritrean War of Independence. Background The Nadew Command was one of four commands, or army corps, of the Ethiopian Second R ...

** 8-10 February 1990 Battle of Massawa

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historical ...

* February 1972 - 13 October 1974 First Eritrean Civil War

Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia The Derg (also spelled Dergue; , ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, then including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when the military leadership formally " c ...

* February 1980 - 24 March 1981 Second Eritrean Civil War

Transitional Government of Ethiopia The Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) was an era established immediately after the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) seized power from the Marxist-Leninist People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) in 1991. ...

* 15-17 December 1995

Hanish Islands conflict The Hanish Islands conflict was a dispute between Yemen and Eritrea over the island of Greater Hanish in the Red Sea, one of the largest in the then disputed Zukur-Hanish archipelago. Fighting took place over three days from 15 December to 17 D ...

State of Eritrea

* 6 May 1998 - 25 May 2000 Eritrean-Ethiopian War * 10-13 June 2008 Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict * 1 January 2010 Eritrean-Ethiopian border skirmish

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

Axumite Empire The Kingdom of Aksum ( gez, መንግሥተ አክሱም, ), also known as the Kingdom of Axum or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom centered in Northeast Africa and South Arabia from Classical antiquity to the Middle Ages. Based primarily in wha ...

* c. 300 CE

Ezana of Axum Ezana ( gez, ዔዛና ''‘Ezana'', unvocalized ዐዘነ ''‘zn''; also spelled Aezana or Aizan) was ruler of the Kingdom of Axum, an ancient kingdom located in what is now Eritrea and Ethiopia. (320s – c. 360 AD). He himself employed the ...

is said to have launched several military campaigns and destroyed the

Kingdom of Kush The Kingdom of Kush (; Egyptian language, Egyptian: 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓈉 ''kꜣš'', Akkadian language, Assyrian: ''Kûsi'', in LXX grc, Κυς and Κυσι ; cop, ''Ecōš''; he, כּוּשׁ ''Kūš'') was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, ce ...

* 525 Conquest of the

Himyarite Kingdom The Himyarite Kingdom ( ar, مملكة حِمْيَر, Mamlakat Ḥimyar, he, ממלכת חִמְיָר), or Himyar ( ar, حِمْيَر, ''Ḥimyar'', / 𐩹𐩧𐩺𐩵𐩬) ( fl. 110 BCE–520s CE), historically referred to as the Homerit ...

by Axum * 570-578 Aksumite-Persian wars ** Battle of Hadhramaut **

Siege of Sanaa (570) The siege of Sana'a took place when the Sasanian under military officer Vahrez besieged the Aksumite city of Sana'a in 570. Sources * * * {{cite book, last= Zakeri, first= Mohsen, title=Sāsānid Soldiers in Early Muslim Society: The Origins ...

* c. 900 King of Aksum

Degna Djan Degna Djan was an Emperor of the Kingdom of Aksum (9th or 10th centuries). Paul B. Henze states that his throne name was " 'Anbasa Wedem", which tradition states was his oldest son's name. His younger son was Dil Na'od. E. A. Wallis Budge provide ...

led military expeditions as far south as

Ennarea Ennarea, also known as E(n)narya or In(n)arya ( Gonga: Hinnario), was a kingdom in the Gibe region in what is now western Ethiopia. It became independent from the kingdom of Damot in the 14th century and would be the most powerful kingdom in th ...

* c. 960 Axumite Empire is said to have been destroyed by

Gudit Gudit ( gez, ጉዲት) is the Classical Ethiopic name for a personage also known as Yodit in Tigray, and Amharic, but also Isato in Amharic and Ga'wa in Ţilţal. The personage behind these various alternative names is portrayed as a power ...

of the

Kingdom of Simien The Kingdom of Simien ( he, ממלכת סאמיאן), sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Beta Israel ( he, ממלכת ביתא ישראל, label=none), refers to a probably legendary Jewish kingdom said to have been located in the northwester ...

Makhzumi Dynasty The Makhzumi dynasty also known as Sultanate of Shewa or Shewa Sultanate, was a Muslim kingdom in present-day Ethiopia. Its capital Walale was situated in northern Hararghe in Harla country. Its territory extended possibly to some areas west of t ...

* c. 1270 Makhzumi Sultan assisted

Yekuno Amlak Yekuno Amlak ( Ge’ez: ይኩኖ አምላክ); throne name Tasfa Iyasus (ተስፋ ኢየሱስ; died 19 June 1285) was Emperor of Ethiopia, and the founder of the Solomonic dynasty, which lasted until 1974. He was a ruler from Bete Amhara (in ...

rebellion against

Zagwe dynasty The Zagwe dynasty ( Ge'ez: ዛጔ ሥርወ መንግሥት) was an Agaw medieval dynasty that ruled the northern parts of Ethiopia and Eritrea, after the historical name of the Lasta province. Centered at Lalibela, it ruled large parts of the t ...

* c. 1285 the Conquest of Makhzumi by the

Ifat Sultanate The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in present-day Ethiopia around ea ...

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historical ...

* 1314-1344 Conquests of the Emperor Amda Seyon I ** c. 1316 Early military actions *** c. 1316 Emperor

Amda Seyon I Amda Seyon I ( gez, ዐምደ ፡ ጽዮን , am, አምደ ፅዮን , "Pillar of Zion"), throne name Gebre Mesqel (ገብረ መስቀል ) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1314 to 1344 and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He is best known ...

successfully campaigned against the Muslim kingdoms of Damot and Hadiya ** c. 1320 Rebellion of Haqq ad-Din I ** c. 1329 Northern campaigns ** c. 1332 Later campaigns ** c. 1320-1415 Abyssinian wars against the

Sultanate of Ifat The Sultanate of Ifat, known as Wafāt or Awfāt in Arabic texts, was a medieval Sunni Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. It was formed in present-day Ethiopia around ea ...

* 1529-1543 Ethiopian-Adal War ** March 1529

Battle of Shimbra Kure The Battle of Shimbra Kure ("chickpea swamp") was fought on 9 March 1529 between the forces of Adal led by Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, and the Abyssinian army, under Dawit II (Lebna Dengel). Arab Faqīh states that many Somalis on the l ...

** 1531

Battle of Antukyah The Battle of Antukyah was fought in 1531 between Adal Sultanate forces under Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi and the Abyssinian army under Eslamu. Huntingford has located Antukyah about south of Lake Hayq, at the edge of the Ethiopian Highland ...

** 28 October 1531

Battle of Amba Sel The Battle of Amba Sel was fought on 28 October 1531, between the Ethiopians under their Emperor Dawit II, and the forces of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of the Adal Sultanate. Imam Ahmad won the battle at Amba Sel, winning him the southern p ...

** 24 April 1541

Battle of Sahart The Battle of Sahart was fought on 24 April 1541 between the army of Emperor Gelawdewos and the forces of Garad Emar, a lieutenant of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi. According to Ethiopian sources, Gelawdewos was defeated. Gelawdewos succeede ...

** 2 February 1542

Battle of Baçente The Battle of Baçente was fought on February 2, 1542 when a Portuguese army under Cristóvão da Gama took a hillfort held by Adalite forces in northern Ethiopia. The Portuguese suffered minimal casualties, while the defenders were reportedly a ...

** 4-16 April 1542

Battle of Jarte The Battle of Jarte was fought from 4 to 16 April 1542 between the forces of Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi and the Ethiopian Empire assisted by a Portuguese expeditionary force led by Cristóvão da Gama. The Abyssinians and Portuguese were victorio ...

** August 1542

Battle of the Hill of the Jews The Battle of the Hill of the Jews (named by Miguel de Castanhoso for a community of Beta Israel who lived there) was a battle fought in Ethiopia in August 1542 between the Portuguese forces of Cristóvão da Gama and the Adal Muslim followers ...

** 28 August 1542

Battle of Wofla The Battle of Wofla was fought on August 28, 1542 near Lake Ashenge in Wofla (Ofla) between the Portuguese under Cristóvão da Gama and the forces of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi. Reinforced with a superiority not only in numbers but in fi ...

** 21 February 1543

Battle of Wayna Daga The Battle of Wayna Daga was a large-scale battle between the Ethiopian forces assisted by Portuguese musketeers and cavalry and the forces of the Adal Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire in the east of Lake Tana in Ethiopia on 21 February 1543 ...

* 1769-1855

Zemene Mesafint The Zemene Mesafint ( gez, ዘመነ መሳፍንት ''zamana masāfint'', modern: ''zemene mesāfint'', variously translated "Era of Judges," "Era of the Princes," "Age of Princes," etc.; named after the Book of Judges) was a period in Ethiop ...

* December 1867 - May 1868

British Expedition to Abyssinia The British Expedition to Abyssinia was a rescue mission and punitive expedition carried out in 1868 by the armed forces of the British Empire against the Ethiopian Empire (also known at the time as Abyssinia). Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, t ...

* 12 January 1872 - 10 March 1889 Conquests of

Yohannes IV of Ethiopia ''girmāwī''His Imperial Majesty, spoken= am , ጃንሆይ ''djānhoi''Your Imperial Majesty(lit. "O steemedroyal"), alternative= am , ጌቶቹ ''getochu''Our Lord (familiar)(lit. "Our master" (pl.)) yohanes Yohannes IV (Tigrinya: ዮሓ� ...

** 1875-1881 War with Ottoman Egypt ** 1885 War with Sudan * 1887 war with

Emirate of Harar The Emirate of Harar was a Muslim kingdom founded in 1647 when the Harari people refused to accept Imām ʿUmardīn Ādan as their ruler and broke away from the Imamate of Aussa to form their own state under `Ali ibn Da`ud. Prior to its invasion ...

** 9 January 1887

Battle of Chelenqo The Battle of Chelenqo (also spelled Chalanko, Chalenko, Calanqo, Calanko, Chelenko, etc.) was an engagement fought on 9 January 1887 between the army of Shewa under ''Negus'' Menelik and Emir 'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur of Harar. Th ...

* 1881-1899

Mahdist War The Mahdist War ( ar, الثورة المهدية, ath-Thawra al-Mahdiyya; 1881–1899) was a war between the Mahdist Sudanese of the religious leader Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah, who had proclaimed himself the "Mahdi" of Islam (the "Guided On ...

** 14 October 1888

Battle of Guté Dili The Battle of Guté Dili was fought on 14 October 1888 between an alliance of the Shewan forces of ''Ras'' Gobana Dacche and Mahdist forces under governor Khalil al-Khuzani near Nejo in the modern Mirab Welega Zone of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia ...

* 1895-1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War ** 1 March 1896

Battle of Adwa The Battle of Adwa (; ti, ውግእ ዓድዋ; , also spelled ''Adowa'') was the climactic battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War. The Ethiopian forces defeated the Italian invading force on Sunday 1 March 1896, near the town of Adwa. The d ...

** 7 December 1895 Battle of Amba Alagi ** 13 January 1895

* 3 October 1935 - May 1936 Second Italo-Ethiopia War ** 3 October - December 1935

** 15 December 1935 - 20 January 1936

Ethiopian Christmas Offensive The Christmas Offensive took place during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The Ethiopian Offensive (military), offensive was more of a counteroffensive to an ever-slowing Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946), Italian De Bono's invasion of Abyssinia, off ...

** 12-20 January 1936

Battle of Genale Doria The Battle of Ganale Doria (also known as the Battle of Genale Dorya or as the Battle of Genale Wenz) was a battle in 1936 during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. It was fought on the "southern front". The battle consisted largely of air attac ...

** 20-24 January 1936

First Battle of Tembien The First Battle of Tembien was a battle fought on the northern front of what was known as the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. This battle consisted of attacks and counterattacks by Italian forces under Marshal Pietro Badoglio and Ethiopian forc ...

** 1-19 February 1936

Battle of Amba Aradam The Battle of Amba Aradam (also known as the Battle of Enderta) was a battle fought on the northern front of what was known as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. This battle consisted of attacks and counter-attacks by Italian forces under Marshal ...

** 27-29 February 1936

Second Battle of Tembien The Second Battle of Tembien was a battle fought on the northern front of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. This battle consisted of attacks by Italian forces under Marshal Pietro Badoglio on Ethiopian forces under Ras (title), ''Ras'' Kassa Hail ...

** 29 February - 2 March 1936

Battle of Shire The Battle of Shire (Italian: ''Battaglia dello Shirè'') was a battle fought on the northern front of what was known as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. This battle consisted of attacks and counterattacks by Italian forces under Marshal of Ita ...

** 31 March 1936

Battle of Maychew The Battle of Maychew ( it, Mai Ceu) was the last major battle fought on the northern front during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The battle consisted of a failed counterattack by the Ethiopian forces under Emperor Haile Selassie making fron ...

** 14-25 April 1936

Battle of the Ogaden The Battle of the Ogaden was fought in 1936 in the southern front of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. The battle consisted of attacks by the Italian forces of General Rodolfo Graziani, the commander-in-chief of the forces on the "southern fro ...

** 26 April - 5 May 1936

March of the Iron Will The March of the Iron Will () was an Italian Fascist propaganda event staged from 26 April to 5 May 1936, during the final days of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Its goal was to capture the Ethiopian capital in a show of force. An ...

* 1 September 1939 - 2 September 1945

** 10 June 1940 - 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 - 27 November 1941 East African Campaign

Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea The Ethiopian–Eritrean Federation was a coalition between the former Italian colony of Eritrea and the Ethiopian Empire. It was established as a result of the renunciation of Italy’s rights and titles to territorial possessions in Africa, i ...

* 1 September 1961 - 29 May 1991

Ethiopian Empire The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historical ...

* 12 September 1974 - 28 May 1991

Ethiopian Civil War The Ethiopian Civil War was a civil war in Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea, fought between the Ethiopian military junta known as the Derg and Ethiopian-Eritrean anti-government rebels from 12 September 1974 to 28 May 1991. The Derg overthre ...

Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia The Derg (also spelled Dergue; , ), officially the Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), was the military junta that ruled Ethiopia, then including present-day Eritrea, from 1974 to 1987, when the military leadership formally " c ...

* 13 July 1977 - 15 March 1978

Ethio-Somali War The Ogaden War, or the Ethio-Somali War (, am, የኢትዮጵያ ሶማሊያ ጦርነት, ye’ītiyop’iya somalīya t’orineti), was a military conflict fought between Somalia and Ethiopia from July 1977 to March 1978 over the Ethiopi ...

* June - August 1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War

Transitional Government of Ethiopia The Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE) was an era established immediately after the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) seized power from the Marxist-Leninist People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) in 1991. ...

* 1992 - ''ongoing''

Oromo conflict The Oromo conflict is a protracted conflict between the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and the Ethiopian government. The Oromo Liberation Front formed to fight the Ethiopian Empire to liberate the Oromo people and establish an independent state ...

* 1994-2018

Insurgency in Ogaden The Insurgency in Ogaden was an armed conflict that took place from 1994 to 2018. It was fought by separatists, the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF), against the Ethiopian government. The war began in 1994, when the ONLF tried to separate E ...

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

* 6 May 1998 - 25 May 2000 Eritrean-Ethiopian War * 7 October 2002 - ''ongoing''

Operation Enduring Freedom Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) was the official name used synonymously by the U.S. government for both the War in Afghanistan (2001–2014) and the larger-scale Global War on Terrorism. On 7 October 2001, in response to the September 11 at ...

Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...

* 4 November 2020 - ''ongoing''

Tigray conflict The Tigray War; ; . was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 to 3 November 2022. The war was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray Peop ...

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

Ajuuraan State

* 1580s Ajuran-Portuguese wars

Italian East Africa Italian East Africa ( it, Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 through the merger of Italian Somalia, Italian Eritrea, and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire, conquered in the Seco ...

* 10 June 1940 - 27 November 1941

** 10 June 1940 - 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 - 27 November 1941 East African Campaign **** 3-19 August 1940

Italian conquest of British Somaliland The Italian invasion of British Somaliland (3–19 August 1940) was part of the East African campaign (1940–1941) in which Italian, Eritrean and Somali forces of Fascist Italy entered British Somaliland and defeated its combined garrison o ...

Somali Democratic Republic The Somali Democratic Republic ( so, Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiya Soomaaliyeed; ar, الجمهورية الديمقراطية الصومالية, ; it, Repubblica Democratica Somala) was the name that the socialist military government gave to Som ...

* 13 July 1977 - 15 March 1978

* 6 April 1981 - 18 May 1991

Somaliland War of Independence The Somaliland War of Independence ( so, Dagaalkii Xoraynta Soomaaliland, lit=Somaliland Liberation War) was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement against the ruling military junta in Somali Democratic Republic, Somalia led by Genera ...

* June-August 1982 Ethiopian-Somali Border War * 26 January 1991 - ''ongoing''

Somali Civil War The Somali Civil War ( so, Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya; ar, الحرب الأهلية الصومالية ) is an ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the Military dictatorship, military junta wh ...

** 1978 - 1991

Somali Rebellion The Somali Rebellion was the beginning of the civil war in Somalia that occurred in the 1980s and early 1990s. The rebellion started in 1978 when President Siad Barre began using his special forces, the "Red Berets" (''Duub Cas''), to atta ...

** 9 December 1992 - 4 May 1993

Unified Task Force The Unified Task Force (UNITAF) was a United States-led, United Nations-sanctioned multinational force which operated in Somalia from 5 December 1992 until 4 May 1993. A United States initiative (code-named Operation Restore Hope), U ...

** 22 August 1993 - 13 October 1993

Operation Gothic Serpent Operation Gothic Serpent was a military operation conducted in Mogadishu, Somalia, by an American force code-named ''Task Force Ranger'' during the Somali Civil War in 1993. The primary objective of the operation was to capture Mohamed Farrah ...

*** 3-4 October 1993 Battle of Mogadishu

Transitional Federal Government The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) ( so, Dowladda Federaalka Kumeelgaarka, ar, الحكومة الاتحادية الانتقالية) was internationally recognized as a provisional government of the Republic of Somalia from 14 October ...

* 26 January 1991 - ''ongoing''

** 4 June - 20 December 2006

Advance of the Islamic Courts Union The 2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive is the period in the Somali Civil War that began in May 2006 with the Islamic Courts Union's (ICU) conquest of Mogadishu from the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) ...

*** 7 May - 11 July 2006 Battle of Mogadishu ** 20 December 2006 - 30 January 2009

War in Somalia War in Somalia can refer to: *Somali Civil War (1991–present) :*War in Somalia (1992–1993) U.N. Unified Task Force :*Somalia War (2006–2009), Ethiopian intervention :*Somali Civil War (2009–present) {{Dab ...

*** 20-26 December 2006

Battle of Baidoa The Battle of Baidoa began on 20 December 2006 when the Somali transitional federal government forces (TFG) allied with Ethiopian forces stationed there attacked advancing Islamic Courts Union (ICU) forces along with 500 alleged Eritrean troops ...

*** 23-25 December 2006 Battle of Bandiradley *** 24-25 December 2006 Battle of Beledweyne *** 27 December 2006

Battle of Jowhar The Battle of Jowhar was a battle in the 2006 Somali War fought between the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and affiliated militias against Ethiopian and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces for control of the town of Jowhar (located at ). It b ...

*** 28 December 2006

Fall of Mogadishu The Fall of Mogadishu occurred on December 28, 2006, when the Military of Somalia, militaries of Somalia's Transitional Federal Parliament, Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and Ethiopian troops entered the Somalia, Somali capital unopposed. ...

*** 31 December 2006 - 1 January 2007

Battle of Jilib The Battle of Jilib was a battle in the 2006 Somali War fought by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and affiliated militias against Ethiopian and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces for control of the town of Jilib. It began on 31 Decembe ...

*** 1 January 2007 Fall of Kismayo *** 5-12 January 2007 Battle of Ras Kamboni *** 21 March - 26 April 2007 Battle of Mogadishu *** 31 May - 3 June 2007 Battle of Bargal *** 8-16 November 2007 Battle of Mogadishu *** 19-20 April 2008 Battle of Mogadishu *** 1-26 July 2008 Battle of Beledweyne *** 8 July 2008 - 26 January 2009

Siege of Baidoa The siege of Baidoa (July 2008 – January 2009) was a military confrontation in which the Al-Shabaab militia laid siege to the headquarters of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG). Timeline On July 8, al-Shabaab launched a mi ...

*** 20-22 August 2008 Battle of Kismayo *

Piracy in Somalia Piracy off the coast of Somalia occurs in the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and Somali Sea, in Somali territorial waters and other surrounding areas and has a long and troubled history with different perspectives from different communities. I ...

** 28 March 2006 Action ** 3 June 2007 Action ** 8 December 2008 - ''ongoing''

Operation Atalanta Operation Atalanta, formally European Union Naval Force (EU NAVFOR) Somalia, is a current counter-piracy military operation at sea off the Horn of Africa and in the Western Indian Ocean, that is the first naval operation conducted by the E ...

** 16 September 2008 Carré d'As IV incident ** 9 April 2009 Raid off Somalia ** 8-12 April 2009

Maersk Alabama hijacking The ''Maersk Alabama'' hijacking began on 9 April 2009, when four pirates in the Indian Ocean seized the U.S. cargo ship at a distance of southeast of Eyl, Somalia. The siege ended after a rescue effort by the United States Navy on 12 April. ...

** 17 August 2009 - ''ongoing''

Operation Ocean Shield Operation Ocean Shield was NATO's contribution to Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA), an anti-piracy initiative in the Indian Ocean, Guardafui Channel, Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea. It follows the earlier Operation Al ...

** 23 March 2010 Action ** 30 March 2010 Action ** 5 April 2010 Action ** 6 May 2010

MV Moscow University hijacking On 5 May 2010, Somali pirates hijacked , a Liberian-flagged Russian tanker, in the Gulf of Aden. Her crew was freed by the Russian Navy destroyer the following day. Hijacking The Russian tanker MV ''Moscow University'' (russian: link=no, ...

** 18-21 January 2011 MV Beluga Nomination incident ** 16-19 June 2011

Operation Umeed-e-Nuh Operation Umeed-e-Nuh (Operation New Hope), was a naval humanitarian and a rescue operation in order to secure the merchant vessel MV ''Suez''. The operation was carried out by the Pakistan Navy. The merchant vessel MV ''Suez'' operated unde ...

** 12 January 2012 Attack on Spanish oiler Patiño * 31 January 2009 - ''ongoing''

** 22 February 2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu ** 24-25 February 2009

Battle of South Mogadishu The Battle of South Mogadishu occurred in the Somali capital of Mogadishu on February 24, 2009. The battle's name includes South, when referenced, in order to distinguish it amongst the nine major Battles of Mogadishu during the decades long ...

** 7 May - 1 October 2009 Battle of Mogadishu ** 11 May - 1 October 2009 Battle for Central Somalia ** 5 June 2009

Battle of Wabho The Battle of Wabho was a one-day-long battle fought between the Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a militia loyal to the Somali government and Islamist insurgent groups Hizbul Islam and al-Shabaab over the district of Wabho (also known as Wabxo), located i ...

** 18 June 2009 Beledweyne bombing ** 1-7 October 2009 Battle of Kismayo ** 10-14 January 2010 Battle of Beledweyne ** May-July

2010 Ayn clashes 1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1 ...

** 1 May 2010 Mogadishu bombings ** 20 July 2010 Kenya-Al-Shabaab border clash ** 8 August - 17 October 2010

Galgala campaign The Galgala campaign was a military campaign autonomous Puntland region of Somalia, that took place periodically from 8 August until 1 October 2014. It was aimed at re-gaining control of the Galgala hills,allafricabr>Somaliland 'Loots' Air Carg ...

** 23 August 2010 - 6 August 2011 Battle of Mogadishu ** 27 April 2011 Battle of Gedo ** 4 October 2011 Mogadishu bombing ** 16 October 2011 - June 2012

Operation Linda Nchi Operation Linda Nchi ( sw, Linda Nchi; "Protect the Country") had the Kenya Defence Forces enter southern Somalia beginning in 2011. The Kenyan government declared the operation completed in March 2012, but its forces then joined AMISOM in So ...

** 28 September - 1 October 2012 Battle of Kismayo ** 11 January 2013

Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt On 11 January 2013, the French military launched an unsuccessful operation in Bulo Marer, Lower Shabelle, Somalia to rescue French hostage Denis Allex from the militant Islamist organization al-Shabaab. Allex was executed in response, and t ...

* June 2007 - May 2008 Ethiopian crackdown in Ogaden * 7 October 2001 - ''ongoing'' War on Terrorism ** 7 October 2002 - ''ongoing''

Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Ma ...

*** 18 March 2006 Action *** 5-12 January 2007 Battle of Ras Kamboni *** 3 June 2007 Action *** 31 May - 3 June 2007 Battle of Bargal *** 3 March 2008

Dobley airstrike At 3:25 a.m. on 3 March 2008, two BGM-109 Tomahawk cruise missiles launched by a United States Navy warship hit the village of Dobley in Somalia. According to US military officials the target of the attack was an al-Qaeda leader. Dobley ...

*** 1 May 2008 Dhusamareb airstrike *** 8-12 April 2009

*** 17 August 2009 - ''ongoing''

*** 14 September 2009 Baraawe raid *** 25 January 2012 Rescue of Jessica Buchanan and Poul Hagen Thisted

Federal Republic of Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

* 7 October 2001 - ''ongoing''

War on Terrorism The war on terror, officially the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT), is an ongoing international counterterrorism military campaign initiated by the United States following the September 11 attacks. The main targets of the campaign are militant I ...

** 7 October 2002 - ''ongoing''

*** 11 January 2013

Somaliland Somaliland,; ar, صوماليلاند ', ' officially the Republic of Somaliland,, ar, جمهورية صوماليلاند, link=no ''Jumhūrīyat Ṣūmālīlānd'' is a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, still conside ...

* 1700 BCE Invasion of Ancient Egypt by the

and the

Land of Punt The Land of Punt ( Egyptian: '' pwnt''; alternate Egyptological readings ''Pwene''(''t'') /pu:nt/) was an ancient kingdom known from Ancient Egyptian trade records. It produced and exported gold, aromatic resins, blackwood, ebony, ivory an ...

*1529–1543 Ethiopian-Adal War *1827

Battle of Berbera 1827 The Battle of Berbera (January 10–11, 1827) was an engagement of the Royal Navy and East India Company against the Habr Awal clan. It was the culmination of previous British punitive expeditions against the Habr Awal. Background When a British ...

*1900–1920 Somaliland Campaign *1922 1922 Burao Tax Revolt *June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II) *August 3, 1940 – August 19, 1940

*July 2, 1945 – July 7, 1945 1945 Sheikh Bashir Rebellion *July 13, 1977 – March 15, 1978

*April 6, 1981 - May 18, 1991

*1998 - ''ongoing'' Puntland-Somaliland dispute

Indian Ocean islands The islands of the Indian Ocean are part of either the eastern, western, or southern areas. Some prominently large islands include Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Java. Eastern Indian Ocean * Andaman Islands (I ...

Comoros The Comoros,, ' officially the Union of the Comoros,; ar, الاتحاد القمري ' is an independent country made up of three islands in southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. It ...

*March 25, 2008 – March 27, 2008 Invasion of Anjouan

Madagascar

*1883–1885 First Madagascar expedition *1894–1895 Second Madagascar expedition *1942 Battle of Madagascar (World War II) *1947–1948 Madagascar revolt

Mauritius

*August 20, 1810 – August 27, 1810 Battle of Grand Port

North Africa

Algeria

*264 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars *112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War *420s Vandals conquer the Roman province *June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War *544 – Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic *647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb *1518 Fall of Tlemcen (1518), Fall of Tlemcen *1529 Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529), Capture of Peñón of Algiers * September 14, 1769 – May 16, 1772 Danish–Algerian War *1830 – 1847 French conquest of Algeria *1835 – 1903 Pacification of Algeria *June 10, 1940 – May 13, 1943 North African Campaign (World War II) *May 8, 1945 Sétif and Guelma massacre *November 1, 1954 – March 19, 1962 Algerian War *October 1963 Sand War *1970 – ongoing Western Sahara conflict *December 26, 1991 – February 2002 Algerian Civil War *April 11, 2002 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in the Maghreb

Egypt

*1803–1807 Muhammad Ali's seizure of power *1881–1899

*June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943: North African Campaign, part of

*October 29 – November 7, 1956 Suez Crisis *June 5, 1967 – June 10, 1967 Six-Day War *July 1, 1967 – August 7, 1970 War of Attrition *October 6, 1973 – October 25, 1973 Yom Kippur War *July 21, 1977 – July 24, 1977 Libyan–Egyptian War *January 25, 2011 – ''ongoing'' History of modern egypt#2011 revolution and aftermath, 2011 Egyptian Revolution and Aftermath **January 25, 2011 – February 11, 2011 Egyptian Revolution of 2011, Egyptian Revolution **Egyptian crisis (2011–14) **February 23, 2011 – ''ongoing'' Sinai insurgency **November 22, 2012 – July 3, 2013 2012–13 Egyptian protests, Egyptian protests **June 28, 2013 – July 3, 2013 June 2013 Egyptian protests **July 3, 2013 – ''ongoing'' Political violence in Egypt (July 2013–present), Political violence in Egypt **2013 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)

Libya

* 1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramses II#Campaigns in Libya, Ramesses II's Campaigns in Libya *264 BC – 146 BC Punic Wars *112 BC – 106 BC Jugurthine War *420s Vandals conquer the Roman province *June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War *544 Praetorian prefecture of Africa#Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic, Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic *647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb *Ottoman–Habsburg wars **1551 Siege of Tripoli (1551), Siege of Tripoli *1793 – 1795 1793–95 Tripolitanian civil war, Tripolitanian civil war *1797 Action of 16 May 1797 *1801 – 05 First Barbary War *1825 Sardinian-Tripolitanian war of 1825 *1911 – 43 Libyan resistance movement *1911 – 12 Italo-Turkish War *June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943 Western Desert Campaign, part of

*1977 Libyan-Egyptian War *1978 – 87 Chadian-Libyan conflict *August, 1980 Tobruk incident *May 8, 1984 Bab al-Azizia siege *2011 Libyan Civil War *2011 – 2014 Post-civil war violence in Libya **2014 – 2020 Second Libyan Civil War (2014–present), Second Libyan Civil War

Morocco

*264 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars *112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War *420s Vandals conquer the Roman province *June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War *544 Praetorian prefecture of Africa#Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic, Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic *647–709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb *739–743 Berber Revolt *1130–1147 Almoravid-Almohad War *1215–1269 Almohad-Marinid War *1125–1269 Almohad-Marinid War *1299–1370 Morocco-Kingdom of Tlemcen, Tlemcen conflict *1415–1578 Moroccan-Portuguese conflicts, Moroccan-Portuguese conflict *1465 Moroccan revolt, 1465 Moroccan Revolt *1527–1554 Wattassid-Saadian War *September 1497 Conquest of Melilla *1554–1830 Morocco, Moroccan-Ottomans, Turkish border conflict *1577 A Moroccan people, Moroccan expedition occupied Taghaza *1582 A first expedition to Timbuktu was defeated *1591 A Moroccan people, Moroccan expeditionary force defeated the Songhai Empire, Songhay army at Tondibi and conquered Gao, Timbuktu and Djenné *1603–1627 Saadi dynasty#1603.E2.80.931627 : Succession war, War of Succession *1613–1666 Civil War *1844 First Franco-Moroccan War *1859 Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60), Spanish-Moroccan War *1893 Rif War (1893), Rif War *1909 Rif War (1909), Rif War *1911–1912 Second Franco-Moroccan War *1920–1926 Rif War *1914–1921 Zaian War *1942 North African Campaign *1957–1958 Ifni War *1963 Sand War *1970–ongoing Western Sahara conflict *1975–1991 Western Sahara War *April 11, 2002 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in the Maghreb

Sudan

Nubia

* c. 3050 BCE Hor-Aha, the second pharaoh of Egypt, led a campaign against the Nubians

Kingdom of Kerma

* c. 1506 BCE - 1493 BCE During the reign of Thutmose I, the Kingdom of Kerma rebelled against Egyptian rule and Thutmose I traveled up the Nile and fought in the battle, killing the Nubian king.

New Kingdom of Egypt, Egyptian Empire

* c. 1282 BCE Seti I, Seti's military campaigns * c. 1279 BCE - 1213 BCE Ramesses II, Remesses II's campaigns in Nubia

Kingdom of Kush The Kingdom of Kush (; Egyptian language, Egyptian: 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓈉 ''kꜣš'', Akkadian language, Assyrian: ''Kûsi'', in LXX grc, Κυς and Κυσι ; cop, ''Ecōš''; he, כּוּשׁ ''Kūš'') was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, ce ...

* 23 BCE The Roman prefect of Egypt invaded the Kingdom of Kush after an initial attack by the queen of Meröe, razing Napata to the ground * c. 300 CE

launched several military campaigns, destroying the Kingdom of Kush

Makuria, Kingdom of Makuria

* 1312 Mamluk Invasion

Sultanate of Darfur

* 1722-1786 Civil War

Egypt Eyalet, Egyptian Eyalet

* February 1820 - October 1822 Invasion of Libya and Sudan

Khedivate of Egypt

* 1899-1901 Rabih War ** 1874 Rabih az-Zubayr conquered the Sultanate of Darfur * 1881-1899 Mahdist War, The Mahdist War ** 3-5 November 1883 Battle of Shaykan, Battle of El Obeid ** 4-29 February 1884 First and Second Battles of El Teb ** 13 March 1884 Battle of Tamai ** 13 March 1884 - 26 January 1885 Siege of Khartoum ** 17 January 1885 Battle of Abu Klea ** 10 February 1885 Battle of Kirbekan ** 22 March 1885 Battle of Tofrek ** 30 December 1885 Battle of Ginnis ** 20 December 1888 Battle of Suakin ** 9-10 March 1889 Battle of Gallabat ** 17 July 1894 Battle of Kassala ** 7 June 1896 Battle of Ferkeh ** 8 April 1898 Battle of Atbara ** 2 September 1898 Battle of Omdurman ** 25 November 1899 Battle of Umm Diwaykarat

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

* 28 July 1914 - 11 November 1918

** 29 October 1914 - 30 October 1918 Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle Eastern theatre *** 1914-1918 North African theatre (World War I), North African theatre **** 19 November 1915 - February 1917 Senussi campaign, Senussi Campaign * 1 September 1939 - 2 September 1945

** 10 June 1940 - 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 - 27 November 27 1941 East African Campaign **** 3-19 August 1940

**** 5 February 1941 - 1 April 1941

**** 4-19 May 1941 Battle of Amba Alagi (1941), Battle of Amba Alagi **** 13-27 November 1941 Battle of Gondar

Republic of the Sudan (1956–1969), Republic of the Sudan

* 18 August 1955 - 27 March 1972 First Sudanese Civil War ** 1969-1972 Anyanya, Anyanya rebellion

Democratic Republic of the Sudan

* 1 April 1983 - January 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War

Sudan, Republic of the Sudan

* 1987 - ''ongoing''

* 2003 - ''ongoing'' War in Darfur ** 10-12 May 2008 Attack on Omdurman and Khartoum * 18 December 2005 - 15 January 2010 Chad-Sudan Conflict, Chad-Sudan conflict * 27-29 November 2006 Battle of Malakal * January 2009 - ''ongoing'' Sudanese nomadic conflicts ** 23 April 2010 South Darfur clash * 7 January 2011 - ''ongoing'' South Sudan internal conflict (2011-), South Sudan internal conflict * 19 May 2011 - ''ongoing'' Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile, Sudan-SRF conflict * 26 March - 26 September 2012 Heglig Crisis, Sudan-South Sudan Border War ** 26-28 March 2012 First Battle of Heglig ** 17-18 April 2012 Abyei border clash (2012), Abyei border clash ** 15 December 2013 - 22 February 2020

Tunisia

Ancient Carthage, Carthaginian Empire

* 264-146 BCE Punic Wars ** 264-241 BCE First Punic War *** 255 BCE Siege of Aspis *** 255 BCE Siege of Adys *** 255 BCE Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC), Battle of Tunis ** 240-238 BCE Mercenary War *** Spring 240 BCE Battle of Utica *** Autumn 240 BCE Battle of the Bagradas River (240 BC), Battle of the Bagradas River *** Autumn 240 BCE Hamilcar's victory with Naravas, Hamilcar's victory with Navaras *** 238 BCE Battle of the Saw, Battle of "The Saw" *** 238 BCE Siege of Tunis (Mercenary War), Siege of Tunis ** 218-201 BCE Second Punic War *** 203 BCE Battle of Utica (203 BC), Battle of Utica *** 203 BCE Battle of the Great Plains *** 19 October 202 BCE Battle of Zama ** 149-146 BCE Third Punic War *** 147 BCE Battle of the Port of Carthage *** 147 BCE Battle of Nepheris (147 BC), Battle of Nepheris *** c. 149 BCE - Spring 146 BCE Battle of Carthage (149 BC), Battle of Carthage

Numidia, Kingdom of Numidia

* 112-106 BCE Jugurthine War ** 111-104 BCE Siege of Thala, Battle of Thala ** 110 BCE Battle of Suthul ** 108 BCE Battle of the Muthul

Africa (Roman province), Roman Province of Africa

* 238 CE Battle of Carthage (238), Battle of Carthage * 439 CE Genseric broke the treaty between the Vandals and the Romans when he invaded the province of Africa (Roman province), Africa Proconsularis and laid siege to Carthage. * Germanic Wars ** 468 CE Battle of Cape Bon (468), Battle of Cap Bon

Vandal Kingdom

* June 533 - Mach 534 Vandalic War ** 13 September 533 Battle of Ad Decimum ** 15 December 533 Battle of Tricamarum

Praetorian prefecture of Africa, Byzantine Praetorian Prefecture of Africa

* Praetorian prefecture of Africa, The Moorish Wars ** 534 First Moorish uprising ** 536 Military mutiny ** 544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic * 577 Conflict with Moorish kingdom of Garmul

Exarchate of Africa, Byzantine Exarchate of Africa

* 647-709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb ** 698 Battle of Carthage (698), Battle of Carthage

Aghlabids

* 824-836 Military mutiny * 879-880 Invasion of al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun

Fatimid Caliphate

* 909 Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid conquest of Ifriqiya from the Aghlabids * 943-947 Rebellion of Abu Yazid

Almohad Caliphate

* 1160 Ifriqiya conquered and annexed by the Almohad Caliphate, Almohads * 1171-1172 Conquest of North Africa and Nubia by the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid Dynasty

Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid Dynasty

* 1171-1172 Conquest of North Africa and Nubias by the Ayyubid dynasty, Ayyubid Dynasty

Hafsid dynasty, Hafsid Dynasty

* 1269 Eighth Crusade

Ottoman Tunisia

* 1526-1791 Ottoman–Habsburg wars, Ottoman-Habsburg wars ** 16 August 1534 Conquest of Tunis (1534), Conquest of Tunis ** June 1535 Conquest of Tunis (1535), Conquest of Tunis ** 12 July - 13 September 1574 Conquest of Tunis (1574), Conquest of Tunis

French protectorate of Tunisia, French Protectorate of Tunisia

* 1 September 1939 - 2 September 1945

** 10 June 1940 - 2 May 1945

*** 10 June 1940 - 13 May 1943 North African campaign, North African Campaign **** 17 November 1942 - 13 May 1943 Tunisian campaign, Tunisia Campaign ***** 10 November - 25 December 1942 Run for Tunis ***** February - May 1943 Battle of Sedjenane ***** 14-17 February 1943 Battle of Sidi Bou Zid ***** 19-25 February 1943 Battle of Kasserine Pass, Battle of the Kasserine Pass ***** 6 March 1943 Battle of Medenine ***** 16-27 March 1943 Battle of the Mareth Line, Operation Pugilist ***** 23 March - 3 April 1943 Battle of El Guettar ***** 5-27 April 1943 Operation Flax ***** 6-7 April 1943 Battle of Wadi Akarit ***** 27 April - 1 May 1943 Battle of Hill 609 ***** 6-12 May 1943 Operations Vulcan and Strike, Operation Vulcan ***** 8-13 May 1943 Operation Retribution * 1952-1956 Tunisian independence, Tunisian Independence

Kingdom of Tunisia

* 1952-1956 Tunisian independence, Tunisian Independence

Tunisia, Republic of Tunisia

* 19-23 July 1961 Bizerte crisis, Bizerte Crisis * 18 December 2010 - 14 January 2011 Tunisian Revolution * 26 June 2015 - ''ongoing'' ISIL insurgency in Tunisia

Southern Africa

Angola

*February 4, 1961 – April 25, 1974 Angolan War of Independence *November 11, 1975 – April 4, 2002 Angolan Civil War

Lesotho

*1880–1881 Gun War *22 September 1998 – May 1999 South African intervention in Lesotho

Malawi

*August 3, 1914 – November 1918

Mozambique

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

*September 25, 1964 – September 8, 1974 Mozambican War of Independence *May 30, 1977 – October 4, 1992 Mozambican Civil War *2013–2014 Internal conflict in Mozambique *October 5, 2017 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in Cabo Delgado

Namibia

*1904–1907 Herero Genocide *July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

**September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion *August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 Namibian War of Independence *1994–1999 Caprivi conflict

South Africa

*May 18, 1803 – November 20, 1815 Napoleonic Wars *1817–1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War *1830s–1840s Great Trek *February 17, 1838 Weenen Massacre *January 11, 1879 – July 4, 1879 Anglo-Zulu War *1779–1879 Xhosa Wars *December 20, 1880 – March 23, 1881 First Boer War *October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War *July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

**September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion *September 4, 1939 – May 7, 1945

*March 21, 1960 Sharpeville Massacre *August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 South African Border War *June 16, 1976 Soweto Uprising

Eswatini

*October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War

Zambia

*July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918

*September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945

Zimbabwe

*October 1893 – January 1894 First Matabele War *March 1896 – October 1897 Matabele and Mashona 'Revolts' Second Matabele War *July 4, 1964 – December 12, 1979 Second Chimurenga/Rhodesian Bush War *1982 – 1987 Gukurahundi genocide

West Africa

Benin

*1724–1727 Dahomey, Abomey (Dahomey) conquests *1726–1730 Oyo Empire, First Oyo-Dahomey War *1738–1748 Oyo Empire, Second Oyo-Dahomey War *1764 Ashanti Empire, Second Ashanti-Akim War *1768 Ashanti Empire, Yoruba-Ashanti War *1889–1894 French Third Republic, France conquers Dahomey

Burkina Faso

*1985 Agacher Strip War *2015 – present Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso

Côte d'Ivoire

*1883–1898 Mandingo Wars *September 19, 2002 – March 4, 2007 First Ivorian Civil War *28 November 2010 – 11 April 2011 Second Ivorian Civil War

Gambia

*2016–2017 2016–2017 Gambian constitutional crisis **2017 – ECOWAS military intervention in the Gambia, ECOWAS intervention in the Gambia (2017)

Ghana

*1620–1654 Dutch–Portuguese War *1664–1665 Anglo-Dutch Wars *1823–1831 Anglo-Ashanti wars *1900 War of the Golden Stool *1948 Accra Riots

Guinea

*2013 Guinea clashes

Guinea-Bissau

*1962–1974 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence *1997–1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War

Liberia

*1989–1996 First Liberian Civil War *1999–2003 Second Liberian Civil War

Mali

*647–709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb *1075 Almoravid dynasty#Ghana Empire, Almoravid conquest of the Ghana Empire * 1230–1250 Military history of the Mali Empire#Early imperial expansion .281235.E2.80.931300.29, Early imperial expansion of the Mali Empire *1400 Military history of the Mali Empire#The Sandaki usurpation and second Mossi raid, The Sandaki usurpation and second Mossi raid *1433 Military history of the Mali Empire#The Tuareg invasion, The Tuareg invasion * 1460s Military history of the Mali Empire#Songhai hegemony, Songhai conquered Mema *1810–1818 Islam and war#Jihad in Africa .281810-1818.29, Mopti Jihad *1848–1864 El Hadj Umar Tall#Initial conquests, Initial conquests of El Hadj Umar Tall Jihad *1883–1886 Mandingo Wars *1962–1964 Tuareg rebellion (1962–64), First Tuareg rebellion *1985 Agacher Strip War *1990–1995 Tuareg rebellion (1990–95), Azawad insurgency and Malian civil war *April 11, 2002 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in the Maghreb *2007–2009 Tuareg rebellion (2007–09), Second Tuareg rebellion *2012 – Tuareg rebellion (2012), Third Tuareg Rebellion *2012 – ''ongoing'' Northern Mali conflict (2012–present), Northern Mali conflict *2020 Coup d'état

Mauritania

*1970–''ongoing'' Western Sahara conflict *April 11, 2002 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in the Maghreb

Niger

*1516–1517 Songhai Empire, Songhai Civil War *1916–1917 Kaocen Revolt *1990–1995 Tuareg rebellion (1990–95), First Azawad insurgency *April 11, 2002 – ''ongoing'' Insurgency in the Maghreb *2007–2009 Tuareg rebellion (2007–09), Second Azawad insurgency *2012 Tuareg rebellion (2012), Tuareg Rebellion

Nigeria

*1578–1608 Oyo Empire, Oyo-Benin War *1804–1808

*1835–1836

*1873 – Islam and war#Rafin Jaki battle, Rafin Jaki Jihad *1897 Benin Expedition of 1897, Benin Expedition *1953–''ongoing'' Religious violence in Nigeria *1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War **1998–''ongoing'' Communal conflicts in Nigeria, Communal conflicts in Nigeria (1998-present) *1999–''ongoing'' Nigerian Sharia conflict **2009–''ongoing'' Conflict in the Niger Delta, Niger Delta conflict (2004–present) *2009–''ongoing''

*2020 The End SARS Massacre

Sierra Leone

*February 7, 1813 Action of 7 February 1813, Action *1982 Ndogboyosoi War *March 23, 1991 – January 18, 2002 Sierra Leone Civil War

Western Sahara

*October 23, 1957 – June 30, 1958 Ifni War *1970–''ongoing'' Western Sahara conflict *October 30, 1975 – September 6, 1991 Western Sahara War

Chronological list of wars

19th century

* 1801-1807 Kingdom of Koya, Temne War *1801-1805 First Barbary War *1803-1805 Napoleonic Wars **1803-1806 War of the Third Coalition ***1806 Battle of Blaauwberg **1807-1809 Anglo-Turkish War (1807–09), Anglo-Turkish War ***1807 Alexandria expedition of 1807, Alexandria expedition *1804-1808

*1805-1811 Muhammad Ali's seizure of power *1806-1807 Ashanti–Fante War *1807-1818 Mtetwa Empire, Mtetwa Empire Expansion *1810-1818 Amadu's Jihad *1811-1812 Xhosa Wars, Fourth Xhosa War *1811 Ga–Fante War *c.1812 Battle of Shela *1814-1816 Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War *1815 Slachter's Nek Rebellion *1815 Second Barbary War *1817-1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War *1818-1819 Xhosa Wars, Fifth Xhosa War *1818-1828 Zulu wars of conquest *1st March 1896

20th century

* 1900 War of the Golden Stool * 1900-1920 Somaliland Campaign *1901-1901 French conquest of the Dendi Kingdom *1902-1904 Kuanhama Rebellion of 1902-1904, Kuanhama Rebellion * 1901-1902 Anglo-Aro War *1901-1903 Second Matabele War#1901 Mapondera Rebellion, Mapondera Rebellion * 1902-1904 Bailundo revolt, Bailundo revolt of 1902 *1903-1904 British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate * 1904-1908 Herero Wars *1904-1905 1904–1905 uprising in Madagascar, uprising in Madagascar * 1905-1907 Maji Maji Rebellion * 1906 Bambatha Rebellion *1906 Sokoto Uprising of 1906 *1907-1910 Dembos War of 1907-1910 *1908 Battle of Marrakech * 1909 Second Melillan campaign * 1909-1911 Ouaddai War *1910-1912 Portuguese conquest of the Kasanje Kingdom * 1911-1912 French conquest of Morocco *1911-1912 Italo-Turkish War *1912 Sirte revolt *1914 Kolongongo War *1914-1917 Kongo revolt of 1914, Kongo revolt *1914-1921 Zaian War * 1914-1918 African theatre of World War I **1914-1918 East African campaign (World War I), East African campaign **1914-1916 Kamerun campaign **1914 Togoland Campaign **1914-1915 South West Africa campaign * 1914-1915 Maritz rebellion * 1915-1916 Volta-Bani War *1915 Chilembwe uprising * 1915 Bussa rebellion, The Bussa rebellion * 1915-1917 Senussi Campaign * 1916-1917 Kaocen revolt * 1916 Battle of Segale * 1918 Adubi War, The Adubi War *1920 Misurata-Warfalla War * 1920-1922 1920 Jabal al-Gharbi civil war, Jabal al-Gharbi civil war *1920-1926 Rif War * 1921-1922 Rand Rebellion * 1922 Bondelswarts Rebellion * 1923-1932 Pacification of Libya * 1928-1931

* 1929-1930 Women's War * *1930 Gugsa Wale's rebellion *1935-1937

*1939-1945

**1940-1943 North African campaign **1940-1943 East African campaign (World War II), East African campaign **1940 Battle of Dakar **1940 Battle of Gabon **1942 Battle of Madagascar *1943 Woyane rebellion *1952-1960

*1954-1962 Algerian War *1955-1964 Bamileke War *1955-1972 First Sudanese Civil War *1957-1958 Ifni War *1960-1965

**1966-1967 Stanleyville mutinies *1960–present

*1961 Bizerte crisis *1961-1991

*1961-1974 Portuguese Colonial War **1961-1974 Angolan War of Independence **1963-1974 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence **1964-1974 Mozambican War of Independence *1962-1964 Tuareg rebellion (1962–1964), Tuareg rebellion *1963 Sand War *1963-1967 Shifta War *1963-1970 Bale revolt *1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War *1964-1965 Simba rebellion *1964-1979 Rhodesian Bush War *1964

*1965-1979 Chadian Civil War (1965–79), First Chadian Civil War *1966-1989 South African Border War *1967-1970 Nigerian Civil War *1970–present Western Sahara conflict **1975-1991 Western Sahara War *1972-1974 First Eritrean Civil War *1973–2018

*1974-1991

*1975-2002 Angolan Civil War *1975–present Cabinda War *1977-1992 Mozambican Civil War *1977 Libyan–Egyptian War *1977-1978 Ogaden War *1977

*1978

*1978-1979

*1978-1987 Chadian–Libyan conflict *1980-1981 Second Eritrean Civil War *1980-1986 Ugandan Bush War *1981 Entumbane uprising *1981 Dawda Jawara#The 1981 attempted coup, Gambian coup d'état attempt *1982–present Casamance conflict *1982 Ndogboyosoi War *1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War *1983-2005 Second Sudanese Civil War *1985 Agacher Strip War *1986 United States bombing of Libya *1987–present

*1989-1991 Mauritania–Senegal Border War *1989-1997 First Liberian Civil War *1990-1994

*1990-1995 Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995), Tuareg rebellion *1991-1994

*1991-2002 Sierra Leone Civil War *1991-2002 Algerian Civil War *1991–present

*1993-2005 Burundian Civil War *1993-1994 Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94), Republic of the Congo Civil War *1994 Bophuthatswana crisis *1994-1999 Caprivi conflict *1994–2018

*1995–2018 Second Afar insurgency *1995

*1996–present Allied Democratic Forces insurgency *1996-1997

*1997-1999 Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997–99), Republic of the Congo Civil War *1998-2000 Eritrean–Ethiopian War *1998-2003

**2000 Six-Day War (2000), Six-Day War *1998-1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War *1999-2003 Second Liberian Civil War *1999–present Ituri conflict

21st century

*2001–present War on Terrorism **1997–present Terrorism in Egypt, Islamic Terrorism in Egypt **2002–present Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002-present), Islamic insurgency in the Maghreb **2002–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa **2006 Advance of the Islamic Courts Union, Rise of the Islamic Courts Union **2006–2009 Somalia War (2006–2009), Ethiopian War in Somalia **2007–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara **2009–present Somali Civil War (2009–present), Islamist civil war in Somalia **2009 Nigerian sectarian violence **2015–present ISIL insurgency in Tunisia **2017–present Islamist insurgency in Mozambique *2002-2003 2002–2003 conflict in the Pool Department, Conflict in the Pool Department *2002–2004 First Ivorian Civil War *2003–present War in Darfur *2004 French–Ivorian clashes *2004–present Conflict in the Niger Delta **2016–present 2016 Niger Delta conflict, Niger Delta conflict *2004–2007

*2004–present Kivu conflict *2005–2010 Chadian Civil War (2005–10), Chadian Civil War *2005–2008 Mount Elgon insurgency *2006-2013

*2007–2009 Tuareg Rebellion (2007–present), Second Tuareg Rebellion *2007–2008 2007–08 Kenyan crisis, Kenyan crisis *2008 invasion of Anjouan, 2008 Invasion of Anjouan *2008 Kufra conflict *2008

*2009–present Sudanese nomadic conflicts **2011–present Ethnic violence in South Sudan ***2013–2020

*2009 Sudan airstrikes *2009 Dongo conflict *2011 Second Ivorian Civil War *2011 First Libyan Civil War *2011–present Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile *2011-2014 Factional violence in Libya (2011–2014), Factional violence in Libya *2012–present Mali War *2012

*2012-2013

*2012 Baragoi clashes *2012–present

*2013–present Batwa–Luba clashes *2013-2019 RENAMO insurgency (2013–2019), RENAMO insurgency *2014 Aswan tribal clashes *2014–2020 Second Libyan Civil War *2016-2017 Pool War *2016 Kasese clashes *2016–present

*2017–present

*2020–present Tigray War