List of birds of Russia

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Russia. The avifauna of Russia include a total of 808 species, 2 of which one are endemic, 68 species are globally threatened, and 2 species are extinct.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'', 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Accidental species are included in the total species count for Russia.

The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

*(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Russia
*(Ext) Extirpated - a species which no longer occurs in Russia, but other populations still exist elsewhere
*(Ex) Extinct - a species which no longer exists
*(E) Endemic - a species endemic to Russia
*(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Russia as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

*Bar-headed goose, ''Anser indicus''
*Emperor goose, ''Anser canagica''
*Snow goose, ''Anser caerulescens''
*Ross's goose, ''Anser rossii'' (A)
*Graylag goose, ''Anser anser''
*Swan goose, ''Anser cygnoides''
*Greater white-fronted goose, ''Anser albifrons''
*Lesser white-fronted goose, ''Anser erythropus''
*Taiga bean-goose, ''Anser fabalis''
*Tundra bean-goose, ''Anser serrirostris''
*Pink-footed goose, ''Anser brachyrhynchus'' (A)
* Brant, ''Branta bernicla''
*Barnacle goose, ''Branta leucopsis''
* Cackling goose, ''Branta hutchinsii'' (A)
* Canada goose, ''Branta canadensis'' (I)
* Red-breasted goose, ''Branta ruficollis''
* Mute swan, ''Cygnus olor''
*Trumpeter swan, ''Cygnus buccinator'' (A)
*Tundra swan, ''Cygnus columbianus''
*Whooper swan, ''Cygnus cygnus''
* Ruddy shelduck, ''Tadorna ferruginea''
* Common shelduck, ''Tadorna tadorna''
* Crested shelduck, ''Tadorna cristata'' (A)
*Mandarin duck, ''Aix galericulata''
*Baikal teal, ''Sibirionetta formosa''
*Garganey, ''Spatula querquedula''
*Northern shoveler, ''Spatula clypeata''
* Gadwall, ''Mareca strepera''
*Falcated duck, ''Mareca falcata''
*Eurasian wigeon, ''Mareca penelope''
*American wigeon, ''Mareca americana'' (A)
*Indian spot-billed duck, ''Anas poecilorhyncha''
* Eastern spot-billed duck, ''Anas zonorhyncha''
* Mallard, ''Anas platyrhynchos''
*Northern pintail, ''Anas acuta''
*Green-winged teal, ''Anas crecca''
*Marbled teal, ''Marmaronetta angustirostris''
*Red-crested pochard, ''Netta rufina''
*Canvasback, ''Aythya valisineria'' (A)
*Redhead, ''Aythya americana'' (A)
*Common pochard, ''Aythya ferina''
*Ring-necked duck, ''Aythya collaris'' (A)
*Ferruginous duck, ''Aythya nyroca''
*Baer's pochard, ''Aythya baeri''
*Tufted duck, ''Aythya fuligula''
*Greater scaup, ''Aythya marila''
*Lesser scaup, ''Aythya affinis'' (A)
*Steller's eider, ''Polysticta stelleri''
*Spectacled eider, ''Somateria fischeri''
*King eider, ''Somateria spectabilis''
*Common eider, ''Somateria mollissima''
*Harlequin duck, ''Histrionicus histrionicus''
*Surf scoter, ''Melanitta perspicillata'' (A)
*Velvet scoter, ''Melanitta fusca''
*White-winged scoter, ''Melanitta deglandi'' (A)
*Stejneger's scoter, ''Melanitta stejnegeri''
*Common scoter, ''Melanitta nigra''
*Black scoter, ''Melanitta americana''
*Long-tailed duck, ''Clangula hyemalis''
* Bufflehead, ''Bucephala albeola'' (A)
*Common goldeneye, ''Bucephala clangula''
*Barrow's goldeneye, ''Bucephala islandica'' (A)
* Smew, ''Mergellus albellus''
*Common merganser, ''Mergus merganser''
*Red-breasted merganser, ''Mergus serrator''
*Scaly-sided merganser, ''Mergus squamatus''
*Ruddy duck, ''Oxyura jamaicensis'' (I)
* White-headed duck, ''Oxyura leucocephala''

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

*Japanese quail, ''Coturnix japonica''
* Common quail, ''Coturnix coturnix''
* Chukar, ''Alectoris chukar''
*Caucasian snowcock, ''Tetraogallus caucasicus''
* Altai snowcock, ''Tetraogallus altaicus''
*Ring-necked pheasant, ''Phasianus colchicus''
* Gray partridge, ''Perdix perdix''
*Daurian partridge, ''Perdix dauurica''
*Black-billed capercaillie, ''Tetrao urogalloides''
*Western capercaillie, ''Tetrao urogallus''
*Black grouse, ''Lyrurus tetrix''
*Caucasian grouse, ''Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi''
*Hazel grouse, ''Tetrastes bonasia''
*Siberian grouse, ''Dendragapus falcipennis'' (E)
*Willow ptarmigan, ''Lagopus lagopus''
*Rock ptarmigan, ''Lagopus muta''

Flamingos

Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

*Greater flamingo, ''Phoenicopterus roseus''

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

*Little grebe, ''Tachybaptus ruficollis''
*Horned grebe, ''Podiceps auritus''
*Red-necked grebe, ''Podiceps grisegena''
*Great crested grebe, ''Podiceps cristatus''
* Eared grebe, ''Podiceps nigricollis''

Pigeons and doves

Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

*Rock pigeon, ''Columba livia''
*Hill pigeon, ''Columba rupestris''
* Stock dove, ''Columba oenas''
* Yellow-eyed pigeon, ''Columba eversmanni'' (A)
* Common wood-pigeon, ''Columba palumbus''
*European turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia turtur''
* Oriental turtle-dove, ''Streptopelia orientalis''
*Eurasian collared-dove, ''Streptopelia decaocto''
* Red collared-dove, ''Streptopelia tranquebarica'' (A)
*Laughing dove, ''Spilopelia senegalensis''
* Namaqua dove, ''Oena capensis'' (A)
* White-bellied green-pigeon, ''Treron sieboldii''

Sandgrouse

Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

* Pallas's sandgrouse, ''Syrrhaptes paradoxus''
*Pin-tailed sandgrouse, ''Pterocles alchata'' (A)
* Black-bellied sandgrouse, ''Pterocles orientalis''

Bustards

Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

*Great bustard, ''Otis tarda''
*Macqueen's bustard, ''Chlamydotis macqueenii''
* Little bustard, ''Tetrax tetrax''

Cuckoos

Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

* Northern hawk-cuckoo, ''Hierococcyx hyperythrus''
*Lesser cuckoo, ''Cuculus poliocephalus''
*Indian cuckoo, ''Cuculus micropterus''
*Common cuckoo, ''Cuculus canorus''
*Oriental cuckoo, ''Cuculus saturatus''

Nightjars and allies

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

* Gray nightjar, ''Caprimulgus jotaka''
* Eurasian nightjar, ''Caprimulgus europaeus''

Swifts

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

* White-throated needletail, ''Hirundapus caudacutus''
* Alpine swift, ''Tachymarptis melba''
*Common swift, ''Apus apus''
* Pacific swift, ''Apus pacificus''

Hummingbirds

Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

* Rufous hummingbird, ''Selasphorus rufus'' (A)

Rails, gallinules, and coots

Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

*Water rail, ''Rallus aquaticus''
* Brown-cheeked rail, ''Rallus indicus''
*Corn crake, ''Crex crex''
* Sora, ''Porzana carolina''
*Spotted crake, ''Porzana porzana''
* Eurasian moorhen, ''Gallinula chloropus''
*Eurasian coot, ''Fulica atra''
* African swamphen, ''Porphyrio madagascariensis'' (A)
* Gray-headed swamphen, ''Porphyrio poliocephalus''
* Watercock, ''Gallicrex cinerea''
* White-breasted waterhen, ''Amaurornis phoenicurus'' (A)
*Ruddy-breasted crake, ''Zapornia fusca''
* Band-bellied crake, ''Zapornia paykullii''
*Little crake, ''Zapornia parva''
*Baillon's crake, ''Zapornia pusilla''
* Swinhoe's rail, ''Coturnicops exquisitus''

Cranes

Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

* Demoiselle crane, ''Anthropoides virgo''
*Siberian crane, ''Leucogeranus leucogeranus''
*Sandhill crane, ''Antigone canadensis''
*White-naped crane, ''Antigone vipio''
*Common crane, ''Grus grus''
*Hooded crane, ''Grus monacha''
* Red-crowned crane, ''Grus japonensis''

Thick-knees

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

* Eurasian thick-knee, ''Burhinus oedicnemus''

Stilts and avocets

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

*Black-winged stilt, ''Himantopus himantopus''
*Pied avocet, ''Recurvirostra avosetta''

Ibisbill

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Ibidorhynchidae

*Ibisbill, ''Ibidorhyncha struthersii'' (A)

Oystercatchers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

*Eurasian oystercatcher, ''Haematopus ostralegus''
* Black oystercatcher, ''Haematopus bachmani''

Plovers and lapwings

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

*Black-bellied plover, ''Pluvialis squatarola''
*European golden-plover, ''Pluvialis apricaria''
* American golden-plover, ''Pluvialis dominica''
* Pacific golden-plover, ''Pluvialis fulva''
* Northern lapwing, ''Vanellus vanellus''
* Gray-headed lapwing, ''Vanellus cinereus'' (A)
*Red-wattled lapwing, ''Vanellus indicus'' (A)
*Sociable lapwing, ''Vanellus gregarius''
*White-tailed lapwing, ''Vanellus leucurus''
*Lesser sand-plover, ''Charadrius mongolus''
*Greater sand-plover, ''Charadrius leschenaultii''
* Caspian plover, ''Charadrius asiaticus''
*Kentish plover, ''Charadrius alexandrinus''
*Common ringed plover, ''Charadrius hiaticula''
*Semipalmated plover, ''Charadrius semipalmatus''
* Long-billed plover, ''Charadrius placidus''
*Little ringed plover, ''Charadrius dubius''
*Killdeer, ''Charadrius vociferus'' (A)
*Oriental plover, ''Charadrius veredus''
* Eurasian dotterel, ''Charadrius morinellus''

Painted-snipes

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Rostratulidae

Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured.

* Greater painted-snipe, ''Rostratula benghalensis''

Jacanas

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

*Pheasant-tailed jacana, ''Hydrophasianus chirurgus'' (A)

Sandpipers and allies

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

*Bristle-thighed curlew, ''Numenius tahitiensis'' (A)
* Whimbrel, ''Numenius phaeopus''
*Little curlew, ''Numenius minutus''
*Eskimo curlew, ''Numenius borealis'' (A)
*Far Eastern curlew, ''Numenius madagascariensis''
*Slender-billed curlew, ''Numenius tenuirostris''
*Eurasian curlew, ''Numenius arquata''
*Bar-tailed godwit, ''Limosa lapponica''
* Black-tailed godwit, ''Limosa limosa''
*Ruddy turnstone, ''Arenaria interpres''
* Black turnstone, ''Arenaria melanocephala'' (A)
*Great knot, ''Calidris tenuirostris''
*Red knot, ''Calidris canutus''
* Ruff, ''Calidris pugnax''
*Broad-billed sandpiper, ''Calidris falcinellus''
*Sharp-tailed sandpiper, ''Calidris acuminata''
*Curlew sandpiper, ''Calidris ferruginea''
*Temminck's stint, ''Calidris temminckii''
*Long-toed stint, ''Calidris subminuta''
* Spoon-billed sandpiper, ''Calidris pygmeus''
*Red-necked stint, ''Calidris ruficollis''
*Sanderling, ''Calidris alba''
*Dunlin, ''Calidris alpina''
*Rock sandpiper, ''Calidris ptilocnemis''
*Purple sandpiper, ''Calidris maritima''
* Baird's sandpiper, ''Calidris bairdii''
*Little stint, ''Calidris minuta''
*Least sandpiper, ''Calidris minutilla'' (A)
* White-rumped sandpiper, ''Calidris fuscicollis'' (A)
* Buff-breasted sandpiper, ''Calidris subruficollis''
*Pectoral sandpiper, ''Calidris melanotos''
*Semipalmated sandpiper, ''Calidris pusilla''
*Western sandpiper, ''Calidris mauri''
*Asian dowitcher, ''Limnodromus semipalmatus''
*Long-billed dowitcher, ''Limnodromus scolopaceus''
* Jack snipe, ''Lymnocryptes minimus''
*Eurasian woodcock, ''Scolopax rusticola''
* Solitary snipe, ''Gallinago solitaria''
*Latham's snipe, ''Gallinago hardwickii''
* Great snipe, ''Gallinago media''
*Common snipe, ''Gallinago gallinago''
*Wilson's snipe, ''Gallinago delicata''
*Pin-tailed snipe, ''Gallinago stenura''
* Swinhoe's snipe, ''Gallinago megala''
*Terek sandpiper, ''Xenus cinereus''
*Red-necked phalarope, ''Phalaropus lobatus''
* Red phalarope, ''Phalaropus fulicarius''
* Common sandpiper, ''Actitis hypoleucos''
*Spotted sandpiper, ''Actitis macularia'' (A)
*Green sandpiper, ''Tringa ochropus''
* Gray-tailed tattler, ''Tringa brevipes''
* Wandering tattler, ''Tringa incana''
*Spotted redshank, ''Tringa erythropus''
*Greater yellowlegs, ''Tringa melanoleuca'' (A)
*Common greenshank, ''Tringa nebularia''
*Nordmann's greenshank, ''Tringa guttifer''
*Lesser yellowlegs, ''Tringa flavipes'' (A)
*Marsh sandpiper, ''Tringa stagnatilis''
*Wood sandpiper, ''Tringa glareola''
*Common redshank, ''Tringa totanus''

Buttonquail

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.

* Yellow-legged buttonquail, ''Turnix tanki''

Pratincoles and coursers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. There are 4 species which occur in Russia.

*Cream-colored courser, ''Cursorius cursor'' (A)
*Collared pratincole, ''Glareola pratincola''
*Oriental pratincole, ''Glareola maldivarum''
*Black-winged pratincole, ''Glareola nordmanni''

Skuas and jaegers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. There are 5 species which occur in Russia.

* Great skua, ''Stercorarius skua''
*South polar skua, ''Stercorarius maccormicki''
* Pomarine jaeger, ''Stercorarius pomarinus''
* Parasitic jaeger, ''Stercorarius parasiticus''
*Long-tailed jaeger, ''Stercorarius longicaudus''

Auks, murres, and puffins

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

*Dovekie, ''Alle alle''
*Common murre, ''Uria aalge''
*Thick-billed murre, ''Uria lomvia''
*Razorbill, ''Alca torda''
* Great auk, ''Pinguinus impennis'' (A)(Ex)
* Black guillemot, ''Cepphus grylle''
*Pigeon guillemot, ''Cepphus columba''
*Spectacled guillemot, ''Cepphus carbo''
* Long-billed murrelet, ''Brachyramphus perdix''
* Marbled murrelet, ''Brachyramphus marmoratus'' (A)
* Kittlitz's murrelet, ''Brachyramphus brevirostris''
*Ancient murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus antiquus''
*Japanese murrelet, ''Synthliboramphus wumizusume''
*Cassin's auklet, ''Ptychoramphus aleuticus''
* Parakeet auklet, ''Aethia psittacula''
*Least auklet, ''Aethia pusilla''
*Whiskered auklet, ''Aethia pygmaea''
* Crested auklet, ''Aethia cristatella''
* Rhinoceros auklet, ''Cerorhinca monocerata''
* Atlantic puffin, ''Fratercula arctica''
* Horned puffin, ''Fratercula corniculata''
*Tufted puffin, ''Fratercula cirrhata''

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

* Black-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa tridactyla''
*Red-legged kittiwake, ''Rissa brevirostris''
* Ivory gull, ''Pagophila eburnea''
*Sabine's gull, ''Xema sabini''
* Saunders's gull, ''Saundersilarus saundersi'' (A)
*Slender-billed gull, ''Chroicocephalus genei''
*Bonaparte's gull, ''Chroicocephalus philadelphia''
*Black-headed gull, ''Chroicocephalus ridibundus''
*Brown-headed gull, ''Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus'' (A)
*Little gull, ''Hydrocoloeus minutus''
*Ross's gull, ''Rhodostethia rosea''
* Mediterranean gull, ''Ichthyaetus melanocephalus''
*Relict gull, ''Ichthyaetus relictus''
* Pallas's gull, ''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus''
*Audouin's gull, ''Ichthyaetus audouinii'' (A)
* Black-tailed gull, ''Larus crassirostris''
*Common gull, ''Larus canus''
* Short-billed gull, ''Larus brachyrhynchus'' (A)
*Ring-billed gull, ''Larus delawarensis'' (A)
*Herring gull, ''Larus argentatus''
*Yellow-legged gull, ''Larus michahellis'' (A)
*Caspian gull, ''Larus cachinnans''
* Iceland gull, ''Larus glaucoides''
*Lesser black-backed gull, ''Larus fuscus''
* Slaty-backed gull, ''Larus schistisagus''
*Glaucous-winged gull, ''Larus glaucescens''
* Glaucous gull, ''Larus hyperboreus''
*Great black-backed gull, ''Larus marinus''
* Aleutian tern, ''Onychoprion aleutica''
*Little tern, ''Sternula albifrons''
*Gull-billed tern, ''Gelochelidon nilotica''
*Caspian tern, ''Hydroprogne caspia''
*Black tern, ''Chlidonias niger''
*White-winged tern, ''Chlidonias leucopterus''
* Whiskered tern, ''Chlidonias hybrida''
*Common tern, ''Sterna hirundo''
* Arctic tern, ''Sterna paradisaea''
*Sandwich tern, ''Thalasseus sandvicensis''

Loons

Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated. There are 5 species which occur in Russia.

*Red-throated loon, ''Gavia stellata''
* Arctic loon, ''Gavia arctica''
* Pacific loon, ''Gavia pacifica''
*Common loon, ''Gavia immer'' (A)
*Yellow-billed loon, ''Gavia adamsii''

Albatrosses

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds. There are 3 species which occur in Russia.

*Laysan albatross, ''Phoebastria immutabilis''
*Black-footed albatross, ''Phoebastria nigripes''
*Short-tailed albatross, ''Phoebastria albatrus''

Northern storm-petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae

The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

*European storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates pelagicus'' (A)
*Fork-tailed storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates furcatus''
* Leach's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates leucorhous''
* Swinhoe's storm-petrel, ''Hydrobates monorhis''

Shearwaters and petrels

Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

*Northern fulmar, ''Fulmarus glacialis''
* Providence petrel, ''Pterodroma solandri'' (A)
*Mottled petrel, ''Pterodroma inexpectata''
*White-necked petrel, ''Pterodroma cervicalis'' (A)
*Bonin petrel, ''Pterodroma hypoleuca''
*Streaked shearwater, ''Calonectris leucomelas''
*Flesh-footed shearwater, ''Ardenna carneipes''
*Great shearwater, ''Ardenna gravis'' (A)
* Buller's shearwater, ''Ardenna bulleri''
*Sooty shearwater, ''Ardenna griseus''
* Short-tailed shearwater, ''Ardenna tenuirostris''
* Manx shearwater, ''Puffinus puffinus'' (A)
*Yelkouan shearwater, ''Puffinus yelkouan''

Storks

Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory..

*Black stork, ''Ciconia nigra''
*White stork, ''Ciconia ciconia''
*Oriental stork, ''Ciconia boyciana''

Frigatebirds

Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

*Lesser frigatebird, ''Fregata ariel'' (A)
* Great frigatebird, ''Fregata minor'' (A)

Boobies and gannets

Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

* Brown booby, ''Sula leucogaster'' (A)
* Red-footed booby, ''Sula sula'' (A)
*Northern gannet, ''Morus bassanus''

Cormorants and shags

Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.

*Pygmy cormorant, ''Microcarbo pygmeus''
* Red-faced cormorant, ''Urile urile''
*Pelagic cormorant, ''Urile pelagicus''
* Pallas's cormorant, ''Urile perspicillatus'' (E)(Ex)
*Great cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax carbo''
*Japanese cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax capillatus''
*European shag, ''Gulosus aristotelis''
*Double-crested cormorant, ''Nannopterum auritum'' (A)

Pelicans

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.

* Great white pelican, ''Pelecanus onocrotalus''
*Dalmatian pelican, ''Pelecanus crispus''

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

*Great bittern, ''Botaurus stellaris''
* Yellow bittern, ''Ixobrychus sinensis''
* Little bittern, ''Ixobrychus minutus''
* Schrenck's bittern, ''Ixobrychus eurhythmus''
*Cinnamon bittern, ''Ixobrychus cinnamomeus'' (A)
* Gray heron, ''Ardea cinerea''
* Purple heron, ''Ardea purpurea''
*Great egret, ''Ardea alba''
*Intermediate egret, ''Ardea intermedia''
*Chinese egret, ''Egretta eulophotes''
* Little egret, ''Egretta garzetta''
*Cattle egret, ''Bubulcus ibis''
*Squacco heron, ''Ardeola ralloides''
* Chinese pond-heron, ''Ardeola bacchus'' (A)
*Striated heron, ''Butorides striata''
* Black-crowned night-heron, ''Nycticorax nycticorax''
* Japanese night-heron, ''Gorsachius goisagi'' (A)

Ibises and spoonbills

Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

*Glossy ibis, ''Plegadis falcinellus''
*African sacred ibis, ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' (A)
*Black-headed ibis, ''Threskiornis melanocephalus'' (A)
*Crested ibis, ''Nipponia nippon'' (Ext)
*Eurasian spoonbill, ''Platalea leucorodia''
*Black-faced spoonbill, ''Platalea minor'' (A)

Osprey

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

*Osprey, ''Pandion haliaetus''

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

*Bearded vulture, ''Gypaetus barbatus''
*Egyptian vulture, ''Neophron percnopterus''
*European honey-buzzard, ''Pernis apivorus''
* Oriental honey-buzzard, ''Pernis ptilorhynchus''
*Cinereous vulture, ''Aegypius monachus''
*White-rumped vulture, ''Gyps bengalensis'' (A)
* Himalayan griffon, ''Gyps himalayensis'' (A)
* Eurasian griffon, ''Gyps fulvus''
* Short-toed snake-eagle, ''Circaetus gallicus''
*Mountain hawk-eagle, ''Nisaetus nipalensis''
*Lesser spotted eagle, ''Clanga pomarina''
*Greater spotted eagle, ''Clanga clanga''
* Booted eagle, ''Hieraaetus pennatus''
*Steppe eagle, ''Aquila nipalensis''
*Imperial eagle, ''Aquila heliaca''
*Golden eagle, ''Aquila chrysaetos''
* Gray-faced buzzard, ''Butastur indicus''
* Eurasian marsh-harrier, ''Circus aeruginosus''
* Eastern marsh-harrier, ''Circus spilonotus''
*Hen harrier, ''Circus cyaneus''
*Pallid harrier, ''Circus macrourus''
* Pied harrier, ''Circus melanoleucos''
*Montagu's harrier, ''Circus pygargus''
* Levant sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter brevipes''
* Chinese goshawk, ''Accipiter soloensis''
* Japanese sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter gularis''
* Eurasian sparrowhawk, ''Accipiter nisus''
* Northern goshawk, ''Accipiter gentilis''
*Red kite, ''Milvus milvus''
*Black kite, ''Milvus migrans''
* Bald eagle, ''Haliaeetus leucocephalus'' (A)
*White-tailed eagle, ''Haliaeetus albicilla''
*Pallas's fish-eagle, ''Haliaeetus leucoryphus'' (A)
* Steller's sea-eagle, ''Haliaeetus pelagicus''
* Rough-legged hawk, ''Buteo lagopus''
* Common buzzard, ''Buteo buteo''
* Eastern buzzard, ''Buteo japonicus''
*Long-legged buzzard, ''Buteo rufinus''
*Upland buzzard, ''Buteo hemilasius''

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. 1 species occurs in Russia.

* Barn owl, ''Tyto alba''

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

* Japanese scops-owl, ''Otus semitorques''
* Eurasian scops-owl, ''Otus scops''
* Oriental scops-owl, ''Otus sunia''
*Eurasian eagle-owl, ''Bubo bubo''
*Snowy owl, ''Bubo scandiacus''
* Blakiston's fish-owl, ''Ketupa blakistoni''
*Northern hawk owl, ''Surnia ulula''
* Eurasian pygmy-owl, ''Glaucidium passerinum''
* Little owl, ''Athene noctua''
*Tawny owl, ''Strix aluco''
* Ural owl, ''Strix uralensis''
* Great gray owl, ''Strix nebulosa''
*Long-eared owl, ''Asio otus''
*Short-eared owl, ''Asio flammeus''
*Boreal owl, ''Aegolius funereus''
* Brown boobook, ''Ninox scutulata''
*Northern boobook, ''Ninox japonica''

Hoopoes

Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. 1 species occurs in Russia.

*Eurasian hoopoe, ''Upupa epops''

Kingfishers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. There are 5 species which occur in Russia.

*Common kingfisher, ''Alcedo atthis''
* Ruddy kingfisher, ''Halcyon coromanda'' (A)
* Black-capped kingfisher, ''Halcyon pileata'' (A)
* Crested kingfisher, ''Megaceryle lugubris''
*Pied kingfisher, ''Ceryle rudis'' (A)

Bee-eaters

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

* Blue-cheeked bee-eater, ''Merops persicus''
*European bee-eater, ''Merops apiaster''

Rollers

Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

*European roller, ''Coracias garrulus''
*Dollarbird, ''Eurystomus orientalis''

Woodpeckers

Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

* Eurasian wryneck, ''Jynx torquilla''
* Eurasian three-toed woodpecker, ''Picoides tridactylus''
* Gray-capped pygmy woodpecker, ''Yungipicus canicapillus''
* Japanese pygmy woodpecker, ''Yungipicus kizuki''
* Middle spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocoptes medius''
* Rufous-bellied woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos hyperythrus''
* White-backed woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos leucotos''
* Great spotted woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos major''
* Syrian woodpecker, ''Dendrocopos syriacus''
*Lesser spotted woodpecker, ''Dryobates minor''
* Gray-headed woodpecker, ''Picus canus''
* Eurasian green woodpecker, ''Picus viridis''
* Black woodpecker, ''Dryocopus martius''

Falcons and caracaras

Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

*Lesser kestrel, ''Falco naumanni''
* Eurasian kestrel, ''Falco tinnunculus''
* Red-footed falcon, ''Falco vespertinus''
* Amur falcon, ''Falco amurensis''
* Merlin, ''Falco columbarius''
*Eurasian hobby, ''Falco subbuteo''
*Saker falcon, ''Falco cherrug''
*Gyrfalcon, ''Falco rusticolus''
* Peregrine falcon, ''Falco peregrinus''

Pittas

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pittidae

Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates.

* Fairy pitta, ''Pitta nympha'' (A)

Cuckooshrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured.

*Ashy minivet, ''Pericrocotus divaricatus''

Old World orioles

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

*Eurasian golden oriole, ''Oriolus oriolus''
* Black-naped oriole, ''Oriolus chinensis''

Drongos

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Dicruridae

The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground.

* Black drongo, ''Dicrurus macrocercus'' (A)
* Ashy drongo, ''Dicrurus leucophaeus'' (A)
*Hair-crested drongo, ''Dicrurus hottentottus'' (A)

Monarch flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching.

* Japanese paradise-flycatcher, ''Terpsiphone atrocaudata'' (A)
* Amur paradise-flycatcher, ''Terpsiphone incei''

Shrikes

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

*Tiger shrike, ''Lanius tigrinus''
*Bull-headed shrike, ''Lanius bucephalus''
* Red-backed shrike, ''Lanius collurio''
* Red-tailed shrike, ''Lanius phoenicuroides''
*Isabelline shrike, ''Lanius isabellinus''
*Brown shrike, ''Lanius cristatus''
*Long-tailed shrike, ''Lanius schach'' (A)
*Northern shrike, ''Lanius borealis''
* Great gray shrike, ''Lanius excubitor''
* Lesser gray shrike, ''Lanius minor''
* Chinese gray shrike, ''Lanius sphenocercus''
* Masked shrike, ''Lanius nubicus'' (A)
* Woodchat shrike, ''Lanius senator''

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

*Siberian jay, ''Perisoreus infaustus''
* Eurasian jay, ''Garrulus glandarius''
*Azure-winged magpie, ''Cyanopica cyana''
* Oriental magpie, ''Pica serica''
* Eurasian magpie, ''Pica pica''
* Eurasian nutcracker, ''Nucifraga caryocatactes''
*Red-billed chough, ''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax''
*Yellow-billed chough, ''Pyrrhocorax graculus''
* Eurasian jackdaw, ''Corvus monedula''
*Daurian jackdaw, ''Corvus dauuricus''
*Rook, ''Corvus frugilegus''
*Carrion crow, ''Corvus corone'' (A)
*Hooded crow, ''Corvus cornix''
*Large-billed crow, ''Corvus macrorhynchos''
*Brown-necked raven, ''Corvus ruficollis'' (A)
*Common raven, ''Corvus corax''

Fairy flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Stenostiridae

Most of the species of this small family are found in Africa, though a few inhabit tropical Asia. They are not closely related to other birds called "flycatchers".

* Gray-headed canary-flycatcher, ''Culicicapa ceylonensis'' (A)

Tits, chickadees and titmice

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

*Coal tit, ''Periparus ater''
* Yellow-bellied tit, ''Periparus venustulus'' (A)
*Crested tit, ''Lophophanes cristatus''
*Varied tit, ''Sittiparus varius''
* Marsh tit, ''Poecile palustris''
* Willow tit, ''Poecile montana''
* Gray-headed chickadee, ''Poecile cincta''
*Eurasian blue tit, ''Cyanistes caeruleus''
*Azure tit, ''Cyanistes cyanus''
*Great tit, ''Parus major''
*Japanese tit, ''Parus minor''

Penduline-tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

* Eurasian penduline-tit, ''Remiz pendulinus''
* White-crowned penduline-tit, ''Remiz coronatus''
* Chinese penduline-tit, ''Remiz consobrinus''

Larks

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

*Horned lark, ''Eremophila alpestris''
*Greater short-toed lark, ''Calandrella brachydactyla''
* Mongolian short-toed lark, ''Calandrella dukhunensis''
*Bimaculated lark, ''Melanocorypha bimaculata'' (A)
* Calandra lark, ''Melanocorypha calandra''
*Black lark, ''Melanocorypha yeltoniensis''
* Mongolian lark, ''Melanocorypha mongolica''
*Asian short-toed lark, ''Alaudala cheleensis''
* Turkestan short-toed lark, ''Alaudala heinei''
*Wood lark, ''Lullula arborea''
*White-winged lark, ''Alauda leucoptera''
*Eurasian skylark, ''Alauda arvensis''
*Oriental skylark, ''Alauda gulgula'' (A)
*Crested lark, ''Galerida cristata''

Bearded reedling

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Panuridae

This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.

*Bearded reedling, ''Panurus biarmicus''

Cisticolas and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

*Zitting cisticola, ''Cisticola juncidis'' (A)

Reed warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

* Thick-billed warbler, ''Arundinax aedon''
* Booted warbler, ''Iduna caligata''
*Sykes's warbler, ''Iduna rama''
* Eastern olivaceous warbler, ''Iduna pallida''
* Icterine warbler, ''Hippolais icterina''
* Aquatic warbler, ''Acrocephalus paludicola''
*Black-browed reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus bistrigiceps''
*Moustached warbler, ''Acrocephalus melanopogon''
*Sedge warbler, ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus''
*Paddyfield warbler, ''Acrocephalus agricola''
*Manchurian reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus tangorum''
*Blyth's reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus dumetorum''
* Marsh warbler, ''Acrocephalus palustris''
* Common reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus scirpaceus''
*Great reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus arundinaceus''
* Oriental reed warbler, ''Acrocephalus orientalis''

Grassbirds and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

*Gray's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes fasciolatus''
*Sakhalin grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes amnicola''
* Marsh grassbird, ''Helopsaltes pryeri''
* Pallas's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes certhiola''
* Middendorff's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes ochotensis''
*Pleske's grasshopper warbler, ''Helopsaltes pleskei''
* Lanceolated warbler, ''Locustella lanceolata''
* River warbler, ''Locustella fluviatilis''
*Savi's warbler, ''Locustella luscinioides''
* Chinese bush warbler, ''Locustella tacsanowskia''
* Common grasshopper-warbler, ''Locustella naevia''
* Baikal bush warbler, ''Locustella davidi''

Swallows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

* Purple martin, ''Progne subis'' (A)
* Tree swallow, ''Tachycineta bicolor'' (A)
*Bank swallow, ''Riparia riparia''
* Pale sand martin, ''Riparia diluta''
* Eurasian crag-martin, ''Ptyonoprogne rupestris''
*Barn swallow, ''Hirundo rustica''
*Red-rumped swallow, ''Cecropis daurica''
* Cliff swallow, ''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota'' (A)
* Common house-martin, ''Delichon urbica''
* Asian house-martin, ''Delichon dasypus''

Bulbuls

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Pycnonotidae

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests.

* Brown-eared bulbul, ''Hypsipetes amaurotis'' (A)

Leaf warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.

*Wood warbler, ''Phylloscopus sibilatrix''
*Yellow-browed warbler, ''Phylloscopus inornatus''
* Hume's warbler, ''Phylloscopus humei''
*Pallas's leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus proregulus''
*Radde's warbler, ''Phylloscopus schwarzi''
* Sulphur-bellied warbler, ''Phylloscopus griseolus''
*Dusky warbler, ''Phylloscopus fuscatus''
*Willow warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochilus''
* Mountain chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus sindianus''
* Common chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus collybita''
* Iberian chiffchaff, ''Phylloscopus ibericus'' (A)
* Eastern crowned warbler, ''Phylloscopus coronatus''
* Green warbler, ''Phylloscopus nitidus''
* Greenish warbler, ''Phylloscopus trochiloides''
* Two-barred warbler, ''Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus''
* Pale-legged leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus tenellipes''
* Sakhalin leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus borealoides''
*Arctic warbler, ''Phylloscopus borealis''
*Kamchatka leaf warbler, ''Phylloscopus examinandus''

Bush warblers and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae

The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.Gill, F. and D. Donsker (Eds). 2019. IOC World Bird List (v 9.2). http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ retrieved 22 June 2019

*Asian stubtail, ''Urosphena squameiceps''
*Cetti's warbler, ''Cettia cetti''
*Japanese bush warbler, ''Horornis diphone''
*Manchurian bush warbler, ''Horornis borealis''

Long-tailed tits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

*Long-tailed tit, ''Aegithalos caudatus''

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

*Eurasian blackcap, ''Sylvia atricapilla''
*Garden warbler, ''Sylvia borin''
*Asian desert warbler, ''Curruca nana''
*Barred warbler, ''Curruca nisoria''
*Lesser whitethroat, ''Curruca curruca''
*Menetries's warbler, ''Curruca mystacea''
*Eastern subalpine warbler, ''Curruca cantillans'' (A)
*Greater whitethroat, ''Curruca communis''
*Reed parrotbill, ''Calamornis heudei''
*Vinous-throated parrotbill, ''Sinosuthora webbiana''

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Zosteropidae

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye. There are 2 species which occur in Russia.

*Chestnut-flanked white-eye, ''Zosterops erythropleurus''
*Warbling white-eye, ''Zosterops japonicus''

Kinglets

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae

The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmouse, titmice.

*Ruby-crowned kinglet, ''Regulus calendula'' (A)
*Goldcrest, ''Regulus regulus''
*Common firecrest, ''Regulus ignicapillus''

Wallcreeper

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.

*Wallcreeper, ''Tichodroma muraria''

Nuthatches

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

*Eurasian nuthatch, ''Sitta europaea''
*Krüper's nuthatch, ''Sitta krueperi''
*Snowy-browed nuthatch, ''Sitta villosa''

Treecreepers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

*Eurasian treecreeper, ''Certhia familiaris''
*Short-toed treecreeper, ''Certhia brachydactyla''

Wrens

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

*Eurasian wren, ''Troglodytes troglodytes''
*Pacific wren, ''Troglodytes pacificus''

Dippers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

*White-throated dipper, ''Cinclus cinclus''
*Brown dipper, ''Cinclus pallasii''

Starlings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

*European starling, ''Sturnus vulgaris''
*Rosy starling, ''Pastor roseus''
*Daurian starling, ''Agropsar sturninus''
*Chestnut-cheeked starling, ''Agropsar philippensis''
*White-shouldered starling, ''Sturnia sinensis'' (A)
*White-cheeked starling, ''Spodiopsar cineraceus''
*Common myna, ''Acridotheres tristis'' (A)
*Crested myna, ''Acridotheres cristatellus'' (A)

Thrushes and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae

The Thrush (bird), thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

*White's thrush, ''Zoothera aurea''
*Scaly thrush, ''Zoothera dauma''
*Varied thrush, ''Ixoreus naevius'' (A)
*Gray-cheeked thrush, ''Catharus minimus''
*Swainson's thrush, ''Catharus ustulatus'' (A)
*Hermit thrush, ''Catharus guttatus'' (A)
*Siberian thrush, ''Geokichla sibirica''
*Mistle thrush, ''Turdus viscivorus''
*Song thrush, ''Turdus philomelos''
*Redwing, ''Turdus iliacus''
*Eurasian blackbird, ''Turdus merula''
*American robin, ''Turdus migratorius'' (A)
*Japanese thrush, ''Turdus cardis'' (A)
*Gray-backed thrush, ''Turdus hortulorum''
*Eyebrowed thrush, ''Turdus obscurus''
*Brown-headed thrush, ''Turdus chrysolaus''
*Pale thrush, ''Turdus pallidus''
*Fieldfare, ''Turdus pilaris''
*Ring ouzel, ''Turdus torquatus''
*Black-throated thrush, ''Turdus atrogularis''
*Red-throated thrush, ''Turdus ruficollis''
*Dusky thrush, ''Turdus eunomus''
*Naumann's thrush, ''Turdus naumanni''

Old World flycatchers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

*Gray-streaked flycatcher, ''Muscicapa griseisticta''
*Dark-sided flycatcher, ''Muscicapa sibirica''
*Asian brown flycatcher, ''Muscicapa dauurica''
*Spotted flycatcher, ''Muscicapa striata''
*Rufous-tailed scrub-robin, ''Cercotrichas galactotes''
*Blue-and-white flycatcher, ''Cyanoptila cyanomelana''
*Zappey's flycatcher, ''Cyanoptila cumatilis''
*European robin, ''Erithacus rubecula''
*Rufous-tailed robin, ''Larvivora sibilans''
*Japanese robin, ''Larvivora akahige''
*Siberian blue robin, ''Larvivora cyane''
*White-throated robin, ''Irania gutturalis'' (A)
*Thrush nightingale, ''Luscinia luscinia''
*Common nightingale, ''Luscinia megarhynchos''
*Bluethroat, ''Luscinia svecica''
*Blue whistling-thrush, ''Myophonus caeruleus'' (A)
*Siberian rubythroat, ''Calliope calliope''
*Red-flanked bluetail, ''Tarsiger cyanurus''
*Yellow-rumped flycatcher, ''Ficedula zanthopygia''
*Narcissus flycatcher, ''Ficedula narcissina''
*Mugimaki flycatcher, ''Ficedula mugimaki''
*Taiga flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicilla''
*Red-breasted flycatcher, ''Ficedula parva''
*Semicollared flycatcher, ''Ficedula semitorquata''
*European pied flycatcher, ''Ficedula hypoleuca''
*Collared flycatcher, ''Ficedula albicollis''
*Rufous-backed redstart, ''Phoenicurus erythronota''
*Blue-capped redstart, ''Phoenicurus caeruleocephalus'' (A)
*Common redstart, ''Phoenicurus phoenicurus''
*White-winged redstart, ''Phoenicurus erythrogaster''
*Black redstart, ''Phoenicurus ochruros''
*Daurian redstart, ''Phoenicurus auroreus''
*White-throated rock-thrush, ''Monticola gularis''
*Rufous-tailed rock-thrush, ''Monticola saxatilis''
*Blue rock-thrush, ''Monticola solitarius''
*Whinchat, ''Saxicola rubetra''
*White-throated bushchat, ''Saxicola insignis''
*European stonechat, ''Saxicola rubicola''
*Siberian stonechat, ''Saxicola maurus''
*Amur stonechat, ''Saxicola stejnegeri''
*Pied bushchat, ''Saxicola caprata'' (A)
*Northern wheatear, ''Oenanthe oenanthe''
*Isabelline wheatear, ''Oenanthe isabellina''
*Desert wheatear, ''Oenanthe deserti''
*Pied wheatear, ''Oenanthe pleschanka''
*Eastern black-eared wheatear, ''Oenanthe melanoleuca''
*Variable wheatear, ''Oenanthe picata'' (A)
*Kurdish wheatear, ''Oenanthe xanthoprymna'' (A)

Waxwings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

*Bohemian waxwing, ''Bombycilla garrulus''
*Japanese waxwing, ''Bombycilla japonica''

Accentors

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae

The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to Old World sparrow, sparrows.

*Alpine accentor, ''Prunella collaris''
*Altai accentor, ''Prunella himalayana''
*Siberian accentor, ''Prunella montanella''
*Brown accentor, ''Prunella fulvescens''
*Black-throated accentor, ''Prunella atrogularis''
*Dunnock, ''Prunella modularis''
*Japanese accentor, ''Prunella rubida''

Old World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

*House sparrow, ''Passer domesticus''
*Spanish sparrow, ''Passer hispaniolensis''
*Russet sparrow, ''Passer cinnamomeus''
*Eurasian tree sparrow, ''Passer montanus''
*Rock sparrow, ''Petronia petronia''
*Pale rockfinch, ''Carpospiza brachydactyla'' (A)
*White-winged snowfinch, ''Montifringilla nivalis''
*Pere David's snowfinch, ''Montifringilla davidiana''

Wagtails and pipits

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

*Forest wagtail, ''Dendronanthus indicus''
*Gray wagtail, ''Motacilla cinerea''
*Western yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla flava''
*Eastern yellow wagtail, ''Motacilla tschutschensis''
*Citrine wagtail, ''Motacilla citreola''
*Japanese wagtail, ''Motacilla grandis'' (A)
*White wagtail, ''Motacilla alba''
*Richard's pipit, ''Anthus richardi''
*Blyth's pipit, ''Anthus godlewskii''
*Tawny pipit, ''Anthus campestris''
*Meadow pipit, ''Anthus pratensis''
*Tree pipit, ''Anthus trivialis''
*Olive-backed pipit, ''Anthus hodgsoni''
*Pechora pipit, ''Anthus gustavi''
*Red-throated pipit, ''Anthus cervinus''
*Water pipit, ''Anthus spinoletta''
*Eurasian rock pipit, Rock pipit, ''Anthus petrosus''
*American pipit, ''Anthus rubescens''

Finches, euphonias, and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

*Common chaffinch, ''Fringilla coelebs''
*Brambling, ''Fringilla montifringilla''
*White-winged grosbeak, ''Mycerobas carnipes'' (A)
*Hawfinch, ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes''
*Yellow-billed grosbeak, ''Eophona migratoria''
*Japanese grosbeak, ''Eophona personata''
*Common rosefinch, ''Carpodacus erythrinus''
*Red-mantled rosefinch, ''Carpodacus rhodochlamys''
*Great rosefinch, ''Carpodacus rubicilla''
*Long-tailed rosefinch, ''Carpodacus sibiricus''
*Pallas's rosefinch, ''Carpodacus roseus''
*Pine grosbeak, ''Pinicola enucleator''
*Eurasian bullfinch, ''Pyrrhula pyrrhula''
*Eurasian crimson-winged finch, Crimson-winged finch, ''Rhodopechys sanguineus'' (A)
*Trumpeter finch, ''Bucanetes githagineus''
*Mongolian finch, ''Bucanetes mongolicus''
*Plain mountain finch, ''Leucosticte nemoricola''
*Black-headed mountain finch, ''Leucosticte brandti''
*Asian rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte arctoa''
*Gray-crowned rosy-finch, ''Leucosticte tephrocotis''
*European greenfinch, ''Chloris chloris''
*Oriental greenfinch, ''Chloris sinica''
*Twite, ''Linaria flavirostris''
*Eurasian linnet, ''Linaria cannabina''
*Common redpoll, ''Acanthis flammea''
*Lesser redpoll, ''Acanthis cabaret'' (A)
*Hoary redpoll, ''Acanthis hornemanni''
*Parrot crossbill, ''Loxia pytyopsittacus''
*Red crossbill, ''Loxia curvirostra''
*White-winged crossbill, ''Loxia leucoptera''
*European goldfinch, ''Carduelis carduelis''
*European serin, ''Serinus serinus''
*Fire-fronted serin, ''Serinus pusillus''
*Eurasian siskin, ''Spinus spinus''
*Pine siskin, ''Spinus pinus'' (A)

Longspurs and snow buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

*Lapland longspur, ''Calcarius lapponicus''
*Snow bunting, ''Plectrophenax nivalis''
*McKay's bunting, ''Plectrophenax hyperboreus'' (A)

Old World buntings

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.

*Black-headed bunting, ''Emberiza melanocephala''
*Red-headed bunting, ''Emberiza bruniceps''
*Corn bunting, ''Emberiza calandra''
*Chestnut-eared bunting, ''Emberiza fucata''
*Rufous-backed bunting, ''Emberiza jankowskii'' (Ext)
*Rock bunting, ''Emberiza cia''
*Godlewski's bunting, ''Emberiza godlewskii''
*Meadow bunting, ''Emberiza cioides''
*Cirl bunting, ''Emberiza cirlus'' (A)
*Yellowhammer, ''Emberiza citrinella''
*Pine bunting, ''Emberiza leucocephalos''
*Gray-necked bunting, ''Emberiza buchanani''
*Ortolan bunting, ''Emberiza hortulana''
*Cretzschmar's bunting, ''Emberiza caesia'' (A)
*Yellow-throated bunting, ''Emberiza elegans''
*Ochre-rumped bunting, ''Emberiza yessoensis''
*Pallas's bunting, ''Emberiza pallasi''
*Reed bunting, ''Emberiza schoeniclus''
*Yellow-breasted bunting, ''Emberiza aureola''
*Little bunting, ''Emberiza pusilla''
*Yellow-browed bunting, ''Emberiza chrysophrys''
*Rustic bunting, ''Emberiza rustica''
*Yellow bunting, ''Emberiza sulphurata'' (A)
*Black-faced bunting, ''Emberiza spodocephala''
*Masked bunting, ''Emberiza personata''
*Chestnut bunting, ''Emberiza rutila''
*Yellow-browed bunting, ''Emberiza chrysophrys''
*Tristram's bunting, ''Emberiza tristrami''
*Gray bunting, ''Emberiza variabilis''

New World sparrows

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

*Chipping sparrow, ''Spizella passerina'' (A)
*American tree sparrow, ''Spizelloides arborea'' (A)
*Fox sparrow, ''Passerella iliaca'' (A)
*Dark-eyed junco, ''Junco hyemalis'' (A)
*White-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia leucophrys'' (A)
*Golden-crowned sparrow, ''Zonotrichia atricapilla'' (A)
*Savannah sparrow, ''Passerculus sandwichensis''
*Song sparrow, ''Melospiza melodia'' (A)
*Swamp sparrow, ''Melospiza georgiana'' (A)

Troupials and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage colour, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.

*Western meadowlark, ''Sturnella neglecta'' (A)
*Rusty blackbird, ''Euphagus carolinus'' (A)

New World warblers

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

*Northern waterthrush, ''Parkesia noveboracensis'' (A)
*Yellow-rumped warbler, ''Setophaga coronata'' (A)
*Wilson's warbler, ''Cardellina pusilla'' (A)

Cardinals and allies

Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

*Indigo bunting, ''Passerina cyanea'' (A)

See also

*List of birds
*Lists of birds by region

References

*
*

{{DEFAULTSORT:Russia
Lists of birds by country
Lists of birds of Asia
Lists of birds of Europe
Birds of Russia,
Lists of biota of Russia, Birds