List of Spanish words of Celtic origin
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This is a list of
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
words of
Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...
origin. It is further divided into words that are known (or thought) to have come from
Gaulish Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switze ...
and those that have come from an undetermined
Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...
source. Some of these words existed in
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
as
loanword A loanword (also loan word or loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language. This is in contrast to cognates, which are words in two or more languages that are similar because ...
s from a Celtic source. Some of these words have alternate
etymologies Etymology () The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the form of words a ...
and may also appear on a list of
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
words from a different
language Language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means by which humans communicate, and may be conveyed through a variety of ...
. Any form with an
asterisk The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often voc ...
(*) is unattested and therefore
hypothetical A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous obser ...
.


List

From English: * "
tunnel A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug through surrounding soil, earth or rock, and enclosed except for the entrance and exit, commonly at each end. A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent tunnels have used immersed tube cons ...
" From French: * "graduate", from French and this from late Latin "
bachelor A bachelor is a man who is not and has never been married.Bachelors are, in Pitt & al.'s phrasing, "men who live independently, outside of their parents' home and other institutional settings, who are neither married nor cohabitating". (). Etymo ...
". * "
battle A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and for ...
". From from ' "
military drill A drill is a tool or machine for cutting holes in a material. Drill may also refer to: Animals * Drill (animal), a type of African primate * Oyster drill, a type of snail Military * Military exercise * Foot drill, the movements performed on a m ...
in
fencing Fencing is a group of three related combat sports. The three disciplines in modern fencing are the foil, the épée, and the sabre (also ''saber''); winning points are made through the weapon's contact with an opponent. A fourth discipline, ...
," from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, see below. * " billiard". * "
brigade A brigade is a major tactical military formation that typically comprises three to six battalions plus supporting elements. It is roughly equivalent to an enlarged or reinforced regiment. Two or more brigades may constitute a division. ...
" * "
brooch A brooch (, also ) is a decorative jewelry item designed to be attached to garments, often to fasten them together. It is usually made of metal, often silver or gold or some other material. Brooches are frequently decorated with enamel or with g ...
, clasp, clip". From
Old French Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intel ...
"a spit," from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
(*) "a
nail Nail or Nails may refer to: In biology * Nail (anatomy), toughened protective protein-keratin (known as alpha-keratin, also found in hair) at the end of an animal digit, such as fingernail * Nail (beak), a plate of hard horny tissue at the tip ...
, spike," from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
"a nail, projecting (
adj. In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated ) is a word that generally modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives were considered one of the mai ...
), buck-toothed (
adj. In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated ) is a word that generally modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives were considered one of the mai ...
)" from Celtic (*) "a pin,
badger Badgers are short-legged omnivores in the family Mustelidae (which also includes the otters, wolverines, martens, minks, polecats, weasels, and ferrets). Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by ...
." * "
brandy Brandy is a liquor produced by distilling wine. Brandy generally contains 35–60% alcohol by volume (70–120 US proof) and is typically consumed as an after-dinner digestif. Some brandies are aged in wooden casks. Others are coloured with ...
" * "
cream Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, eventually rises to the top. In the industrial production of cream, this process ...
" from French * "dispute, quarrel". from
Old French Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intel ...
"discussion,
controversy Controversy is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view. The word was coined from the Latin ''controversia'', as a composite of ''controversus'' – "turned in an opposite d ...
, contest" ( Modern French , from , "to fight,
wrestle Wrestling is a series of combat sports involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into martial arts, combat sports ...
, struggle," from + "to fight, strike," from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, see above. * from French * "
ambassador An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or s ...
" and this from gaulish ' "who serves around". *, from Middle French ', diminutive of '; akin to Irish ' "spear", Welsh ' "dart", Breton ' * "tannery", from French , from ' "tanbark"; akin to Breton ' "red oak", Old Cornish ', Old and Modern Irish ' "mass of metal from furnace; metal bar, ingot"; (ogham letter) "holly, elder". * "penguin" from fr. . * "
barrel A barrel or cask is a hollow cylindrical container with a bulging center, longer than it is wide. They are traditionally made of wooden staves and bound by wooden or metal hoops. The word vat is often used for large containers for liquids, ...
" from French and this from Celtic * "skin" * "
ton Ton is the name of any one of several units of measure. It has a long history and has acquired several meanings and uses. Mainly it describes units of weight. Confusion can arise because ''ton'' can mean * the long ton, which is 2,240 pounds ...
" see * * "buffoon, jester" from French From Italian: * "
brocade Brocade is a class of richly decorative shuttle-woven fabrics, often made in colored silks and sometimes with gold and silver threads. The name, related to the same root as the word " broccoli", comes from Italian ''broccato'' meaning "emb ...
". From
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
', from ' "a twist thread,
shoot In botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages, leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. The new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. In the sp ...
, sprout," see below. * "
broccoli Broccoli (''Brassica oleracea'' var. ''italica'') is an edible green plant in the cabbage family (family Brassicaceae, genus ''Brassica'') whose large flowering head, stalk and small associated leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Broccoli is cla ...
". From
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
',
plural The plural (sometimes list of glossing abbreviations, abbreviated pl., pl, or ), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical number, grammatical category of number. The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity greater than the ...
of ', " sprout of
cabbage Cabbage, comprising several cultivars of ''Brassica oleracea'', is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage ( ''B.&n ...
/
turnip The turnip or white turnip ('' Brassica rapa'' subsp. ''rapa'') is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. The word ''turnip'' is a compound of ''turn'' as in turned/rounded on a lathe and ...
"
diminutive A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment. A ( abbreviated ) is a word-form ...
of ' "
shoot In botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages, leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. The new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. In the sp ...
, sprout," from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
(*)', see above. From Late or Vulgar Latin: * " birch tree" from late Latin "birch", diminutive of Gaulish ' "birch"; akin to Old Irish ', Irish/Scottish ', Manx ', Welsh ', Breton '. The of is by the influence of Spanish ' "
fir tree Firs (''Abies'') are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. They are found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely re ...
. * "
white poplar White poplar is a common name used to refer to several trees in the genus ''Populus'', including: * ''Populus alba'', native to Eurasia * '' Populus grandidentata'', bigtooth aspen * ''Populus tremuloides ''Populus tremuloides'' is a deciduous ...
" * "
lark Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae. Larks have a cosmopolitan distribution with the largest number of species occurring in Africa. Only a single species, the horned lark, occurs in North America, and only Horsfield's bush lark oc ...
" (OSp ) from gaulish ' * "
shad The Alosinae, or the shads,Alosinae
arpent" (OSp ) from Latin "old measure" * "cross-bar" from common Celtic ''}'' * "railing, balustrade" * "
spleen The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The word spleen comes .
" from Latin ' "red" * " henbane" from gaulish ' "henbane" * "leadwort" * "bicolor(ed) (animal); pronghorn bull" * "
watercress Watercress or yellowcress (''Nasturtium officinale'') is a species of aquatic flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. Watercress is a rapidly growing perennial plant native to Europe and Asia. It is one of the oldest known leaf v ...
" from common Celtic "watercress" *, "granitic crag, irregular pearl, round nodule" * "
tar Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation. Tar can be produced from coal, wood, petroleum, or peat. "a dark brown or black bi ...
" from Latin * * "big lip" * "pruning hook" */* " billy-goat, buck" * "dung" from * (PIE * "excrement") Proto-Celtic: "dirty" * " common pandora" from Celtic * "spotted, speckled" *OSp "bran; filth" * "scrubland" * " heather" * "British" * "cradle, lap" * "
witch Witchcraft traditionally means the use of Magic (supernatural), magic or supernatural powers to harm others. A practitioner is a witch. In Middle Ages, medieval and early modern Europe, where the term originated, accused witches were usually ...
" * " billy goat" from a Celtic * * "cow pasture" * "standard, sheth (of plow)", "water tower" * "
Cambrian The Cambrian Period ( ; sometimes symbolized Ꞓ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 53.4 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 538.8 million years ago ...
" * "way" from Celtic * through lat. * "song" * "
cart A cart or dray (Australia and New Zealand) is a vehicle designed for transport, using two wheels and normally pulled by one or a pair of draught animals. A handcart is pulled or pushed by one or more people. It is different from the flatbed ...
" * * "spider crab" * * "
beehive A beehive is an enclosed structure in which some honey bee species of the subgenus '' Apis'' live and raise their young. Though the word ''beehive'' is commonly used to describe the nest of any bee colony, scientific and professional literature ...
" * "mistress, home-wrecker" * "
belt Belt may refer to: Apparel * Belt (clothing), a leather or fabric band worn around the waist * Championship belt, a type of trophy used primarily in combat sports * Colored belts, such as a black belt or red belt, worn by martial arts practiti ...
" * "circle" * "maggot" * "
hillock A hillock or knoll is a small hill,The Free Dictionary
"hillock" entry, retrieved December 18, 2007 ...
" * "trough" * "to addle" * * "large stone" * "
gaillard Gaillard () is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France. Gaillard lies on the border with Switzerland, 5 km east of the city centre of Geneva. The biggest border crossing is ...
" from French * "
hook A hook is a tool consisting of a length of material, typically metal, that contains a portion that is curved or indented, such that it can be used to grab onto, connect, or otherwise attach itself onto another object. In a number of uses, one e ...
" * "claw, talon" * "heron" * "handful, fagot" * " Germanic" */ * "stubborn or tangled hair" * through the Latin from Celtic * * ~ "vain, vacuous, without substance" * "open field" * "
lance A lance is a spear designed to be used by a mounted warrior or cavalry soldier (lancer). In ancient and medieval warfare, it evolved into the leading weapon in cavalry charges, and was unsuited for throwing or for repeated thrusting, unlike s ...
" * "to launch" * "tin, tin can" * "slime, mud" * "
league (unit) A league is a unit of length. It was common in Europe and Latin America, but is no longer an official unit in any nation. Derived from an ancient Celtic unit and adopted by the Romans as the ''leuga'', the league became a common unit of measureme ...
" * "dregs, lees" * *, * "
flagstone Flagstone (flag) is a generic flat stone, sometimes cut in regular rectangular or square shape and usually used for paving slabs or walkways, patios, flooring, fences and roofing. It may be used for memorials, headstones, facades and other c ...
" from hisp-Celtic * "flagstone" * " mine" through the Latin . However asturian 'vein' directly from Celtic *. * "
moorland Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas in temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and montane grasslands and shrublands biomes, characterised by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils. Moorland, nowadays, generall ...
" * "piece" from Celtic * through the Latin . * "
penguin Penguins (order Sphenisciformes , family Spheniscidae ) are a group of aquatic flightless birds. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere: only one species, the Galápagos penguin, is found north of the Equator. Highly adap ...
" * "finch" * "pot" * "Portuguese oak" * "line" * "brill, seabass" * "
shad The Alosinae, or the shads,Alosinae
hound A hound is a type of hunting dog used by hunters to track or chase prey. Description Hounds can be contrasted with gun dogs that assist hunters by identifying prey and/or recovering shot quarry. The hound breeds were the first hunting dogs. ...
" * "
tunic A tunic is a garment for the body, usually simple in style, reaching from the shoulders to a length somewhere between the hips and the knees. The name derives from the Latin ''tunica'', the basic garment worn by both men and women in Ancient Ro ...
", * "
cloak A cloak is a type of loose garment worn over clothing, mostly but not always as outerwear for outdoor wear, serving the same purpose as an overcoat, protecting the wearer from the weather. It may form part of a uniform. Cloaks have been and ...
" through the Latin from Celtic * * "mountain pasture, commons" * "ploughed or sown field" * "rope" * "auger, drill" * " tanine" * "wooden peg" * "
badger Badgers are short-legged omnivores in the family Mustelidae (which also includes the otters, wolverines, martens, minks, polecats, weasels, and ferrets). Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by ...
" * * "stubborn" * "mire, muddy place" * * "cudgel, club" * "rag" * "straw- or thatch-roofed hut" * "man" * "
vassal A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerai ...
" from Celtic * "servant" through the Latin * "path" from Celtic * through the Latin "way" *, "dwarf elder"


Inherited Hispano-Celtic

* to
cart A cart or dray (Australia and New Zealand) is a vehicle designed for transport, using two wheels and normally pulled by one or a pair of draught animals. A handcart is pulled or pushed by one or more people. It is different from the flatbed ...
, to
transport Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land ( rail and road), water, cable, pipelin ...
: from + (see below) + the
verb A verb () is a word ( part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (''bring'', ''read'', ''walk'', ''run'', ''learn''), an occurrence (''happen'', ''become''), or a state of being (''be'', ''exist'', ''stand''). In the usual descr ...
al
infinitive Infinitive ( abbreviated ) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs. As with many linguistic concepts, there is not a single definition applicable to all languages. The word is de ...
suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carr ...
''-''. * "white poplar" (also Asturian '); akin to Irish ' "elm", Welsh ', Cornish ', Breton ' "elm" * "lark" (OSp '), from Gaulish ' "crest lark", derivative of *' "swan", akin to Irish ' and Welsh ' *, (also Catalan ', '), from Gaulish ' "hands together"; akin to Old Irish ' *, (also Galician ') from *, from "around" + "to go" + -; akin to Old Irish "to visit, go to", Welsh ' "I went", Cornish ' "he was going" * "smithereens" (also Galician ', Old Catalan '), from * + - *Old Spanish "arpent"; akin to Old Irish ' "end, extremity", Welsh ' "chief" and ' "against", Cornish ' "id." * "cross-bar", (also Galician ') from * "bar, beam"; akin to Irish ''e'' "ridgepole" * "railing, balustrade", (also Portuguese ', Catalan ') from *, from * "part, portion"; Welsh ', Cornish/Breton ', Irish ' * "henbane", from (
Pseudo-Aristotle Pseudo-Aristotle is a general cognomen for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their work to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others. Such falsely attributed works are known as ...
, ', 7.821); akin to Welsh ' "henbane", Old Irish ' "sun" * "of
Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...
, a Belgian": from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
', singular of ''
Belgae The Belgae () were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. They were discussed in depth by Ju ...
'', from Gaulish ', possibly meaning "the threatening (ones), the swollen (ones)," the IE
root In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the su ...
*' (cf. Dutch ' 'to worsen', originally 'to swell'), enlargement of *' "to swell"; akin to Old Irish ' '(s)he swells'. * "bicolor; pronghorn", originally just "pronghorn", from * "white-tipped", from *' "tip, peak" + ' "white"; akin to Irish/Breton ' "peak", Cornish/Welsh ' "id."; also Old Irish ', Ir/Sc ', Welsh ', Breton ' * "watercress", (also Galician ') from *; akin to Welsh ', Breton/Cornish ', Old Irish ', Irish ', Scottish Gaelic ' * "granite crag, cliff", from ' "over" and ' "rock" * (dial.) (also Old Spanish ', Galician '), from * "load"; akin to Irish/Scottish ' "load", ' "to rock" * "big lip, lip blubber" (also Galician "lip"), from OSp ' "snout", from * "animal's mouth", from * "to yell"; akin to Old Irish , Irish ‘yell, roar’, Scottish , Welsh ‘to low, sob’, Cornish ‘to bray’, Breton ‘to bleat’ * (Huesca) "pruning hook", from * (also French , Occitan ); akin to Welsh "billhook", Cornish "id.", Irish "sickle", Breton "boar-spear" * "scrubland; rocky terrain", from *', from ' "fortress"; akin to Middle Irish ,
genitive In grammar, the genitive case ( abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can a ...
' "mountain", Scottish "fortified hill", Welsh "hill", ' "id", Cornish , ' "hill", Breton "hill", ' "brooch, prickles" * "heather" (also Navarre , Galician , Asturian ), from OSp ', from *, from ', from HispCelt *; akin to Welsh/Cornish ' (< *' < *'), Middle Breton , Old Irish , ', Irish . Similarly, Catalan , Occitan , Milanese < *. * "witch" (also Portuguese , Aragonese , Catalan ), from *, from * "magic"; akin to Middle Welsh "magic wand", Breton "witch, magic", ' "spells, charms", Old Irish "charms", ' "to light up, illuminate", ' "shining one". * is from Italian "sharp, tart, rough" and has two possible etymologies: **either it is akin to Welsh "nimble, lively", Irish/Scottish ' "to be surprised, to jump for joy" **or it is from Medieval Latin "butcher's broom plant", a blend of Latin "butcher's broom" and
Late Latin Late Latin ( la, Latinitas serior) is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity.Roberts (1996), p. 537. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the , and continuing into the 7th century in t ...
' "heather" * "cow pasture" (OSp ' "meadow, cowfield", Portuguese , Old Galician "dairy farm; herd"), from Celtiberian "byre, cowshed" (Old Irish "wealth in cattle") and ' "field" (cf. Irish , Welsh , Cornish/Breton ') * "standard, sheth (of a plow)", cambija "water tower" (also Galician and Portuguese "yoke", Galician "wheel rim"), from *' "crooked, bent", feminine of *; akin to Old Irish 'crooked', Irish/Scottish ', Welsh , Cornish/Breton ' "curved, bent"; Welsh "tire rim", Breton , both from *'. *= to load, to charge, to charge with a
crime In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term ''crime'' does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition,Farmer, Lindsay: "Crime, definitions of", in C ...
, to
carry Carry or carrying may refer to: People *Carry (name) Finance * Carried interest (or carry), the share of profits in an investment fund paid to the fund manager * Carry (investment), a financial term: the carry of an asset is the gain or cost of h ...
: from
Late Latin Late Latin ( la, Latinitas serior) is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity.Roberts (1996), p. 537. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the , and continuing into the 7th century in t ...
' "to load," from ', see below. *= a
highway A highway is any public or private road or other public way on land. It is used for major roads, but also includes other public roads and public tracks. In some areas of the United States, it is used as an equivalent term to controlled-access ...
lane In road transport, a lane is part of a roadway that is designated to be used by a single line of vehicles to control and guide drivers and reduce traffic conflicts. Most public roads (highways) have at least two lanes, one for traffic in each ...
: from ', see below. *=
cart A cart or dray (Australia and New Zealand) is a vehicle designed for transport, using two wheels and normally pulled by one or a pair of draught animals. A handcart is pulled or pushed by one or more people. It is different from the flatbed ...
, cartload, car,
streetcar A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport a ...
,
coach Coach may refer to: Guidance/instruction * Coach (sport), a director of athletes' training and activities * Coaching, the practice of guiding an individual through a process ** Acting coach, a teacher who trains performers Transportation * Coac ...
: from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
' from Gaulish , from the IE
root In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster. They are most often below the su ...
(*)' "to run". * "spider crab", (also Galician , Portuguese ) from Celtic ' "first" + ' "large, big", referring to the fact it is larger than more common species of crabs; akin to Breton "before", Cornish , ' "before, early", Welsh "id.", Irish "first"; and Middle Irish "big, large", Welsh/Cornish ' "all, entire" * "beehive" (also Portuguese , Galician ), from * "made from straw", from * "straw" (cf. Leonese "straw"); akin to Breton "stalk" (MBr ') * "mistress, home-wrecker", (also Old Galician ) from OSp ' ~ ', from *, from * "to take"; akin to Welsh , ' 'to take', Breton , ', Cornish 'to take', Irish 'help' * "bent", from *; akin to *=
belt Belt may refer to: Apparel * Belt (clothing), a leather or fabric band worn around the waist * Championship belt, a type of trophy used primarily in combat sports * Colored belts, such as a black belt or red belt, worn by martial arts practiti ...
, from Gallo-Latin ' "strap" (compare also Galician "twisted twig using as a bond"); akin to Old Irish "fetter", Scottish "bond, chain", Welsh "saddle", Middle Welsh "leashes", Cornish "fastening, link", Breton "link, bond" * "circle"; akin to Middle Irish "circle", ' "sickle", Welsh "circle", Cornish "hedge, boundary; turn, shift" * "maggot" (also Galician ), older "maggot", from * "decay"; akin to Old Irish "to fall", Irish , Scottish * "trough" (also Galician ), from * "hand"; akin to Irish , Welsh , Breton * "to addle", in OSp "to brood" (also Galician "to brood, sit on eggs"); akin to Old Irish 'to warm', Welsh/Cornish ' 'to brood, sit (on eggs)', Breton * "large stone", from *, from *; akin to Old Irish 'stone pillar', ' 'standing stone' * "hook" (also French "fallow field"), from * "small curved branch"; akin to Old Irish "branch" * "claw, talon"; akin to Welsh "leg", Corn/Bret ' "leg, stalk, stem", Old Irish "calves of the leg", Irish * "heron" (also Portuguese ), from *; akin to Welsh , Cornish , Breton ' * "handful", from ', from *; akin to Irish "to take", Welsh "to grasp, hold", Cornish ; also Welsh "tongs", Breton/Cornish ', Old Irish * (OSp ' "hair, beard"), from *; akin to Old Irish "beard", Irish , Welsh "eyelid", Breton * "gouge" (also Portuguese , French ), from *; akin to Old Irish "sting", Scottish "chisel", Old Welsh "piercer", Welsh "beak", Old Breton "beak", Breton "tailless" * ~ ''huero'' "vain, vacuous, without substance", from dialectal ' "to brood, sit on eggs" (see ' above) * "league", from Late Latin '; akin to Old Irish (gen. ') "stone", Irish * "dregs, lees", ' "slime, mud" (' ~ ' ~ ' "birdlime", Basque ), from *; Old Breton 'silt, deposit', Breton ' 'dregs', Welsh 'silt, deposit' *Old Spanish ' 'sterile, infertile', from *, derivative of Latin 'dwarf horse' (cf. Portuguese 'sterile'), from Gaulish * (cf. Basque 'mule') * "mine", from * (also Asturian "vein"), from * "ore"; akin to Welsh "ore", Cornish , Irish * "moor", attested as ', from * + (superlative). * "finch" (var. pinchón; also Catalan , Occitan , Tuscan ) from Gaulish ; akin to Welsh , Breton * "Portuguese oak", from earlier ', from Asturian (also Aragonese "oak", Galician "Portuguese oak"), from * (cf. Gascon , French ) + ; akin to Middle Irish "curly, gnarled", ' "to bend", Irish "to twist, turn, spin", Old Welsh , Welsh "twist" * "brill, seabass", from * "round-limbed", from ' "wheel, circle" + ' "limb"; akin to Old Irish , Welsh , Cornish , Breton and Irish "limb", Welsh ‘sack, purse’, Cornish ‘bow-net’ * "shad" (also Portuguese , Catalan , Galician ), from *; akin to Old Irish "summer", Welsh , Breton , Cornish , with typical Celtic m > b lenition *; akin to Middle Irish "snare", ' "rivet", Welsh "snare", ' "rivet" *, from * "seat"; akin to Old Welsh * "tilled or sown field" (also Old Galician , Galician , Portuguese ), from *, from * "separate, apart" + * "field"; akin to Old Irish "alone", Welsh "other", Cornish "self, one's own", and Irish , Welsh , Cornish/Breton '. * (also Portuguese/Italian ', Old French ), from Gaulish *'; akin to Welsh/Cornish ' "chain", Breton "harness trace", Irish "rope", Scottish "straw rope" *, (also Galician ) from *; akin to Welsh "drill", Irish , Cornish , Breton *, from *; akin to Scottish , ' "nail, stud" * "badger" (also Portuguese , Catalan , , Old French , Italian ), from OSp , from Gaulish *; akin to Old Irish (person's name) "badger", Scottish "marten", Old Welsh (person's name) * "stubborn" (also Catalan 'stiff, rigid', Béarnais ' 'cruel, treacherous', Italian , ' 'miserly, crude'), from *; akin to Middle Irish , Welsh 'miserly, scarce' * "mire, muddy place" (also Catalan "pool in a river", Galician "dam"), from *; akin to Irish/Cornish ' "hole", Welsh , Breton *, from Galician "skin, bark", from Gaulish *, "skin, hide, rind"; akin to Old Irish "skin, surface", Irish "hide, skin", Welsh "skin", Cornish "surface", Breton "rind, surface". From the same source came Late Latin 'wine-cask',DRAE: 'tona'
/ref> whence French 'tun' (wine-cask)', ' 'barrel'. * "club, cudgel" (also Portuguese/Galician "door bolt"), from *; akin to Old Irish "iron nail, tine", Irish "metal nail", Scottish "nail" * "jester, baffoon" (also Portuguese , Galician "sadness, pity", French "vagrant, beggar"); akin to Old Irish "miserable", Irish , Scottish , Welsh "wretched", Breton "beggar", Cornish "miser; wretched" * (also Portuguese/Catalan ' "wattle hut", dial. French "haybale, straw heap"), from ' (Lat fundus ', in ''Tabula Veleiana'', ''c''. 2nd century); akin to Middle Irish "fort; woodhouse" * "elder" (also Asturian , Galician , Occitan , '), from older ', ', from *, alteration of Gaulish , ''odicus'' ( Marcellus Empiricus, ''De medicamentis liber'', 7.13), which was also loaned into German "dwarf elder, danewort",
Old Saxon Old Saxon, also known as Old Low German, was a Germanic language and the earliest recorded form of Low German (spoken nowadays in Northern Germany, the northeastern Netherlands, southern Denmark, the Americas and parts of Eastern Europe). I ...
', Dutch .


Loanwords

* to lower, to knock down, to humble: from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
to demolish, knock down, overthrow: from +
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, see below. The d is assimilated to the b in . *
abomasum The abomasum, also known as the maw,The Cham ...
: from
Modern Latin New Latin (also called Neo-Latin or Modern Latin) is the revival of Literary Latin used in original, scholarly, and scientific works since about 1500. Modern scholarly and technical nomenclature, such as in zoological and botanical taxonomy a ...
(first used in
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ...
in 1706) from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
+ "
intestine The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans an ...
of an ox," possibly from Gaulish. * to
button A button is a fastener that joins two pieces of fabric together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a buttonhole. In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are commonly made of plastic but also may be made of metal, wood, o ...
, fasten: from + "a button" (see below) + the
verb A verb () is a word ( part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (''bring'', ''read'', ''walk'', ''run'', ''learn''), an occurrence (''happen'', ''become''), or a state of being (''be'', ''exist'', ''stand''). In the usual descr ...
al
infinitive Infinitive ( abbreviated ) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs. As with many linguistic concepts, there is not a single definition applicable to all languages. The word is de ...
suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carr ...
. * a muddy place,
bog A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; a ...
: from "to dirty to soil," from + "mire, muddy place" (possibly from a Celtic word represented in
Old Irish Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic ( sga, Goídelc, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; ga, Sean-Ghaeilge; gd, Seann-Ghàidhlig; gv, Shenn Yernish or ), is the oldest form of the Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive writte ...
"hole, pit,
grave A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried or interred after a funeral. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as grav ...
") + the
verb A verb () is a word ( part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (''bring'', ''read'', ''walk'', ''run'', ''learn''), an occurrence (''happen'', ''become''), or a state of being (''be'', ''exist'', ''stand''). In the usual descr ...
al
infinitive Infinitive ( abbreviated ) is a linguistics term for certain verb forms existing in many languages, most often used as non-finite verbs. As with many linguistic concepts, there is not a single definition applicable to all languages. The word is de ...
suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carr ...
. * a
bachelor A bachelor is a man who is not and has never been married.Bachelors are, in Pitt & al.'s phrasing, "men who live independently, outside of their parents' home and other institutional settings, who are neither married nor cohabitating". (). Etymo ...
: from
Old French Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intel ...
"bachelor, young
man A man is an adult male human. Prior to adulthood, a male human is referred to as a boy (a male child or adolescent). Like most other male mammals, a man's genome usually inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromo ...
, young
gentleman A gentleman (Old French: ''gentilz hom'', gentle + man) is any man of good and courteous conduct. Originally, ''gentleman'' was the lowest rank of the landed gentry of England, ranking below an esquire and above a yeoman; by definition, the r ...
" ( Modern French ), from
Medieval Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. In this region it served as the primary written language, though local languages were also written to varying degrees. Latin functioned ...
"an advanced
student A student is a person enrolled in a school or other educational institution. In the United Kingdom and most commonwealth countries, a "student" attends a secondary school or higher (e.g., college or university); those in primary or elementa ...
,
farmer A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer m ...
," probably from Celtic, possibly related to Irish "
rural In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are de ...
dweller, farmer." *
battle A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and for ...
, struggle: from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
(*) "
combat Combat (French for ''fight'') is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed ( not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or ...
," from
Late Latin Late Latin ( la, Latinitas serior) is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity.Roberts (1996), p. 537. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the , and continuing into the 7th century in t ...
"
military drill A drill is a tool or machine for cutting holes in a material. Drill may also refer to: Animals * Drill (animal), a type of African primate * Oyster drill, a type of snail Military * Military exercise * Foot drill, the movements performed on a m ...
in
fencing Fencing is a group of three related combat sports. The three disciplines in modern fencing are the foil, the épée, and the sabre (also ''saber''); winning points are made through the weapon's contact with an opponent. A fourth discipline, ...
," from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, see below. *
battery Battery most often refers to: * Electric battery, a device that provides electrical power * Battery (crime), a crime involving unlawful physical contact Battery may also refer to: Energy source *Automotive battery, a device to provide power t ...
: from
French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
(originally referred to a battery of
kitchen utensil A kitchen utensil is a small hand held tool used for food preparation. Common kitchen tasks include cutting food items to size, heating food on an open fire or on a stove, baking, grinding, mixing, blending, and measuring; different utensils a ...
s made with a
hammer A hammer is a tool, most often a hand tool, consisting of a weighted "head" fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object. This can be, for example, to drive nails into wood, to shape metal (as wi ...
), from , from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, see below. * to hit, strike: from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, "to beat, strike," probably of Celtic origin. * an
orchestra An orchestra (; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families. There are typically four main sections of instruments: * bowed string instruments, such as the violin, viola, c ...
conductor's
baton Baton may refer to: Stick-like objects *Baton, a type of club *Baton (law enforcement) *Baston (weapon), a type of baton used in Arnis and Filipino Martial Arts *Baton charge, a coordinated tactic for dispersing crowds of people *Baton (conductin ...
: from
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
, from , from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, see above. * a
bohemian Bohemian or Bohemians may refer to: *Anything of or relating to Bohemia Beer * National Bohemian, a brand brewed by Pabst * Bohemian, a brand of beer brewed by Molson Coors Culture and arts * Bohemianism, an unconventional lifestyle, origin ...
, of
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
, vagabond,
eccentric Eccentricity or eccentric may refer to: * Eccentricity (behavior), odd behavior on the part of a person, as opposed to being "normal" Mathematics, science and technology Mathematics * Off-center, in geometry * Eccentricity (graph theory) of a v ...
, Gitano, Gypsy: from (from the belief that the
Gitanos The Romani in Spain, generally known by the exonym () or the endonym ''Calé'', belong to the Iberian Cale Romani subgroup, with smaller populations in Portugal (known as ) and in Southern France. Their sense of identity and cohesion stems f ...
came from Bohemia), from Latin , literally "place of the Boi/
Boii The Boii ( Latin plural, singular ''Boius''; grc, Βόιοι) were a Celtic tribe of the later Iron Age, attested at various times in Cisalpine Gaul ( Northern Italy), Pannonia ( Hungary), parts of Bavaria, in and around Bohemia (after whom ...
", from tribal name + from Germanic * "home" (see
here Here is an adverb that means "in, on, or at this place". It may also refer to: Software * Here Technologies, a mapping company * Here WeGo (formerly Here Maps), a mobile app and map website by Here Television * Here TV (formerly "here!"), a ...
). The etymology of Boii is disputed, either "cattle-owners" or "warriors, strikers". *
broccoli Broccoli (''Brassica oleracea'' var. ''italica'') is an edible green plant in the cabbage family (family Brassicaceae, genus ''Brassica'') whose large flowering head, stalk and small associated leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Broccoli is cla ...
* from Latin , from ; akin to Welsh "form", Irish * from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
(*) "a
nail Nail or Nails may refer to: In biology * Nail (anatomy), toughened protective protein-keratin (known as alpha-keratin, also found in hair) at the end of an animal digit, such as fingernail * Nail (beak), a plate of hard horny tissue at the tip ...
* a
brocade Brocade is a class of richly decorative shuttle-woven fabrics, often made in colored silks and sometimes with gold and silver threads. The name, related to the same root as the word " broccoli", comes from Italian ''broccato'' meaning "emb ...
: from
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
, from "a twist thread,
shoot In botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages, leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. The new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. In the sp ...
, sprout," see below. *
brooch A brooch (, also ) is a decorative jewelry item designed to be attached to garments, often to fasten them together. It is usually made of metal, often silver or gold or some other material. Brooches are frequently decorated with enamel or with g ...
, clasp, clip,
fastener A fastener (US English) or fastening (UK English) is a hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together. In general, fasteners are used to create non-permanent joints; that is, joints that can be removed or disman ...
: from
Old French Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intel ...
"a spit," from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
(*) "a
nail Nail or Nails may refer to: In biology * Nail (anatomy), toughened protective protein-keratin (known as alpha-keratin, also found in hair) at the end of an animal digit, such as fingernail * Nail (beak), a plate of hard horny tissue at the tip ...
, spike," from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
"a nail, projecting (
adj. In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated ) is a word that generally modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives were considered one of the mai ...
), buck-toothed (
adj. In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated ) is a word that generally modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Traditionally, adjectives were considered one of the mai ...
)" from Celtic (*) "a pin,
badger Badgers are short-legged omnivores in the family Mustelidae (which also includes the otters, wolverines, martens, minks, polecats, weasels, and ferrets). Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by ...
." *
broccoli Broccoli (''Brassica oleracea'' var. ''italica'') is an edible green plant in the cabbage family (family Brassicaceae, genus ''Brassica'') whose large flowering head, stalk and small associated leaves are eaten as a vegetable. Broccoli is cla ...
: from
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
,
plural The plural (sometimes list of glossing abbreviations, abbreviated pl., pl, or ), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical number, grammatical category of number. The plural of a noun typically denotes a quantity greater than the ...
of , " sprout of
cabbage Cabbage, comprising several cultivars of ''Brassica oleracea'', is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. It is descended from the wild cabbage ( ''B.&n ...
/
turnip The turnip or white turnip ('' Brassica rapa'' subsp. ''rapa'') is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. The word ''turnip'' is a compound of ''turn'' as in turned/rounded on a lathe and ...
"
diminutive A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment. A ( abbreviated ) is a word-form ...
of "
shoot In botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages, leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. The new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. In the sp ...
, sprout," from
Vulgar Latin Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward. Through time, Vulgar Latin would evolve into numerous Romance languages. Its literary counterpa ...
(*), see above. * to engage in
combat Combat (French for ''fight'') is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed ( not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or ...
, to fight: from + see above. *
rabbit Rabbits, also known as bunnies or bunny rabbits, are small mammals in the family Leporidae (which also contains the hares) of the order Lagomorpha (which also contains the pikas). ''Oryctolagus cuniculus'' includes the European rabbit sp ...
: Iberian or Celtiberian; cf Irish , Cornish , Manx , Gaelic , Welsh . * a
debate Debate is a process that involves formal discourse on a particular topic, often including a moderator and audience. In a debate, arguments are put forward for often opposing viewpoints. Debates have historically occurred in public meetings, a ...
, dispute, quarrel: from
Old French Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intel ...
"discussion,
controversy Controversy is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view. The word was coined from the Latin ''controversia'', as a composite of ''controversus'' – "turned in an opposite d ...
, contest" ( Modern French ), from , "to fight,
wrestle Wrestling is a series of combat sports involving grappling-type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. Wrestling techniques have been incorporated into martial arts, combat sports ...
, struggle," from + "to fight, strike," from
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...
, see above. *, from Middle French , diminutive of ; akin to Irish "spear", Welsh "dart", Breton * "tannery", from French , from "tanbark"; akin to Breton "red oak", Old Cornish , Old and Modern Irish "mass of metal from furnace; metal bar, ingot; (ogham letter) "holly, alder".


See also

*
Linguistic history of Spanish The language known today as Spanish is derived from a dialect of spoken Latin, which was brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Romans after their occupation of the peninsula that started in the late 3rd century BC. Influenced by the peninsul ...
*
List of Galician words of Celtic origin This is a list of Galician words of Celtic origin, many of them being shared with Portuguese (sometimes with minor differences) since both languages are from medieval Galician-Portuguese. A few of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from a ...
* List of Spanish words of Basque/Iberian origin *
List of English words of Spanish origin This is a list of English language words whose origin can be traced to the Spanish language as "Spanish loan words". Words typical of " Mock Spanish" used in the United States are listed separately. A ; abaca: via Spanish ''abacá'' from Tagal ...
* Lists of English words of Celtic origin *
List of French words of Gaulish origin The Gaulish language, and presumably its many dialects and closely allied sister languages, left a few hundred words in French and many more in nearby Romance languages, i.e. Franco-Provençal (Eastern France and Western Switzerland), Occitan (S ...


Notes


Bibliography

* Cornelius Joseph Crowly, "New Linguistic Date for Hispano-Celtic: An Evaluation", ''Bono Homini Donum: Essays in Historical Linguistics in Memory of J. Alexander Kerns'', vol. 1, ed., Yoël L. Arbeitman & Allan R. Bomhard (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1981), pp. 73–85. * Guido Gómez de Silva, ''Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española'' () * ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', 4th edn. (2000). {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Spanish Words Of Celtic Origin
Celtic Celtic, Celtics or Keltic may refer to: Language and ethnicity *pertaining to Celts, a collection of Indo-European peoples in Europe and Anatolia **Celts (modern) *Celtic languages **Proto-Celtic language *Celtic music *Celtic nations Sports Foo ...
Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Can ...