List of Roman tribunes
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The following is a list of Roman tribunes as reported by ancient sources. A
tribune Tribune () was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome. The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes. For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on th ...
in
ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC ...
was a person who held one of a number of offices, including
tribune of the plebs Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune ( la, tribunus plebis) was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power o ...
(a political office to represent the interests of the plebs),
Military tribune A military tribune (Latin ''tribunus militum'', "tribune of the soldiers") was an officer of the Roman army who ranked below the legate and above the centurion. Young men of Equestrian rank often served as military tribune as a stepping stone ...
(a rank in the Roman army), Tribune of the Celeres (the commander of the king's personal bodyguard), and various other positions. Unless otherwise noted all dates are reported in BC.


List of Tribunes of the Celeres of the Roman Kingdom

The following individuals held the position of Tribune of the Celeres ''(Tribunus Celerum)'', the captain of the king's bodyguard who had authority to preside over the
Curiate Assembly The Curiate Assembly (''comitia curiata'') was the principal assembly that evolved in shape and form over the course of the Roman Kingdom until the Comitia Centuriata organized by Servius Tullius. During these first decades, the people of Rome w ...
(''Comitia Curiata'') during the period of the Roman Kingdom (753–509).


List of tribunes of the plebs of the Roman Republic

The following individuals held the position of
tribune of the plebs Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune ( la, tribunus plebis) was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power o ...
''(tribunus plebis'') during the
Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Ki ...
, starting with the creation of the office in 493 BC.


5th century BC

* 493: Lucius Albinius C. f. PaterculusLivy, ii. 33. * 493: Gaius Icilius (Viscellius?) RugaDionysius
vi. 89.
/ref> * 493: Lucius Junius Brutus * 493: Gaius Licinius * 493: Publius Licinius * 493: Lucius Sicinius L. f. Vellutus (Bellutus?) * 493: Spurius Icilius * 492: Spurius Sicinius Bellutus (or Spurius Icilius?) * 491:
Lucius Sicinius Vellutus Lucius Sicinius Vellutus was a leading plebeian in ancient Rome, of the gens Sicinia. In 494 and 493 BC, during a period of intense popular discontent, Sicinius advocated that the plebeians should secede from Rome and make camp on the Mons Sa ...
Broughton
1. p. 18
/ref> * 491: Marcus Decius * 489: MaeniusLivy, ii. 36. * 486: Gaius Rabuleius * 486: Publius Mucius ScaevolaBroughton
1. p. 21
/ref> * 486: Spurius Cassius * 483:
Gaius Maenius Gaius Maenius (possibly Gaius Maenius Antiaticus) was a Roman statesman and general who was elected consul in 338 BC and appointed dictator twice, in 320 BC and 314 BC. Consulship and the Latin War Hailing from a plebeian family, Maenius was elect ...
* 481: Spurius Licinius (or Spurius Icilius?) * 480:
Titus Pontificius {{Short description, Tribune in ancient Rome in 480 BC Titus Pontificius was a tribune in ancient Rome in 480 BC. Like his predecessor Spurius Licinius, he sought to promote a proposed agrarian law by encouraging the plebs to refuse to enrol for ...
* 476:
Titus Genucius Titus Caesar Vespasianus ( ; 30 December 39 – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death. Before becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a mili ...
Livy, ii. 52. * 476: Quintus Considius * 475: Lucius Caedicius * 475: Titus Statius * 473: Gnaeus Genucius * 472: Volero PubliliusLivy, ii. 56. * 472: Lucius NumitoriusLivy, ii. 58. * 472: Volero Publilius * 471: Gaius Laetorius * 470: Spurius Icilius * 470: Lucius Mecilius * 470: Lucius Numitorius * 470: Marcus Duillius * 470:
Gaius Sicinius Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist * Gaius Acilius * Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida *Gaius Asinius Gallus *Gaius Asinius ...
* 462: Gaius Terentilius (Terentilius?) Arsa * 462:
Sextus Titius Sextus is an ancient Roman '' praenomen'' or "first name". Its standard abbreviation is Sex., and the feminine form would be Sexta. It is one of the numeral ''praenomina'', like Quintus ("fifth") and Decimus ("tenth"), and means "sixth". Althoug ...
* 461
Marcus Volscius Fictor
* 461:
Aulus Verginius Aulus (abbreviated A.) is one of the small group of common forenames found in the culture of ancient Rome. The name was traditionally connected with Latin ''aula'', ''olla'', "palace", but this is most likely a false etymology. ''Aulus'' in fact p ...
* 460:
Aulus Verginius Aulus (abbreviated A.) is one of the small group of common forenames found in the culture of ancient Rome. The name was traditionally connected with Latin ''aula'', ''olla'', "palace", but this is most likely a false etymology. ''Aulus'' in fact p ...
Broughton
1. p. 38
/ref> * 460
Marcus Volscius Fictor
ref name="Broughton_1_38" /> * 459:
Aulus Verginius Aulus (abbreviated A.) is one of the small group of common forenames found in the culture of ancient Rome. The name was traditionally connected with Latin ''aula'', ''olla'', "palace", but this is most likely a false etymology. ''Aulus'' in fact p ...
* 459: Marcus Volscius Fictor * 458:
Aulus Verginius Aulus (abbreviated A.) is one of the small group of common forenames found in the culture of ancient Rome. The name was traditionally connected with Latin ''aula'', ''olla'', "palace", but this is most likely a false etymology. ''Aulus'' in fact p ...
Broughton
1. p. 40
/ref> * 458
Marcus Volscius Fictor
ref name="Broughton_1_40" /> * 457:
Aulus Verginius Aulus (abbreviated A.) is one of the small group of common forenames found in the culture of ancient Rome. The name was traditionally connected with Latin ''aula'', ''olla'', "palace", but this is most likely a false etymology. ''Aulus'' in fact p ...
Broughton
1. p. 41
/ref> * 457
Marcus Volscius Fictor
ref name="Broughton_1_41" /> * 456: Lucius AlienusBroughton
1. p. 42
/ref> * 456: Lucius Icilius S. f.Livy, iii. 31, 44–54, 63. * 455: Lucius Icilius S. f. * 454: Lucius Siccius Dentatus * 454: Gaius Calvius Cicero * 449: Gaius AproniusLivy, iii. 54. * 449: Publius Numitorius * 449:
Gaius Oppius Gaius Oppius was an intimate friend of Julius Caesar. He managed the dictator's private affairs during his absence from Rome, and, together with Lucius Cornelius Balbus, exercised considerable influence in the city. According to Suetonius (''Ca ...
* 449: Marcus Pomponius * 449: Lucius Verginius * 449: Appius (Publius?) Villius * 449: Lucius Icilius S. f. * 449: Marcuis DuilliusBroughton
1. p. 48
/ref> * 449:
Gaius Sicinius Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist * Gaius Acilius * Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida *Gaius Asinius Gallus *Gaius Asinius ...
* 449: Marcus
Titinius Titinius was an ancient Roman soldier. He was a centurion in the army of Gaius Cassius Longinus at the battle of Phillipi. After the battle was over, he was sent by Cassius to find out what had happened to the legions commanded by Marcus Junius Bru ...
* 448: Aulus Aternius Varus (Varus Fontinalis) * 448: Spurius Tarpeius (Montanus Capitolinus)Broughton
1. p. 50
/ref> * 448: Lucius Trebonius Asper * 445:
Gaius Canuleius Gaius Canuleius, according to Livy book 4, was a tribune of the plebs in 445 BC. He introduced a bill proposing that intermarriage between patricians and plebeians be allowed. As well, with his fellow tribunes he proposed another bill allowing on ...
* 445:
Gaius Furnius Gaius Furnius was a Roman senator during the reign of Augustus, and consul in 17 BC with Gaius Junius Silanus as his colleague. He was the son of Gaius Furnius, who had been a staunch adherent of Marcus Antonius until 31 BC. The younger Furn ...
* 442: Poetilius * 439: Quintus CaeciliusLivy, iv. 16. * 439: Quintus Junius * 439: Lucius Minucius (Esquilinus Augurinus) * 439: Sextus
Titinius Titinius was an ancient Roman soldier. He was a centurion in the army of Gaius Cassius Longinus at the battle of Phillipi. After the battle was over, he was sent by Cassius to find out what had happened to the legions commanded by Marcus Junius Bru ...
* 438: Lucius Minucius Augurinus * 436:
Spurius Maelius Spurius Maelius (died 439 BC) was a wealthy Roman plebeian who was slain because he was suspected of intending to make himself king. Biography During a severe famine, Spurius Maelius bought up a large amount of wheat and sold it at a low price to ...
* 423: Gaius Junius * 422: Sextus (Tiberius?) AntistiusLivy, iv. 42. * 422: Marcus AselliusBroughton
1. p. 69
/ref> * 422: Tiberius Spurillius * 422: Sextus Tempanius * 422:
Quintus Hortensius Quintus Hortensius Hortalus (114–50 BC) was a famous Roman lawyer, a renowned orator and a statesman. Politically he belonged to the Optimates. He was consul in 69 BC alongside Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus. His nickname was ''Dionysia'' ...
* 420: Aulus AntistiusBroughton
1. p. 70
/ref> * 420: Manius Canuleius * 420: Marcus CanuleiusLivy, iv. 44. * 420: Sextus Pompilius * 416: Spurius Maecilius (at least four times, the fourth occasion in 416 BC)Livy, iv. 48. * 416: Spurius (Marcus?) Metilius * 415: Lucius Decius * 414: Marcus Sextius * 413: Lucius Icilius * 412: Lucius IciliusLivy, iv. 52, 54–56. * 410: Marcus Menenius * 409: Icilius (brother to the other two this year) * 409: Icilius (brother to the other two this year) * 409: Lucius Icilius * 401: Marcus MinuciusBroughton
1. p. 84
/ref> * 401: Gnaeus Trebonius * 401: Marcus AcutiusLivy, v. 10. * 401: Gaius Lacerius * 401: Marcus MetiliusLivy, v. 11, 12. * 401: Publius Curatius * 401: Marcus Acutius


4th century BC


3rd century BC

* 300: Quintus Ogulnius (Gallus)Livy, x. 6–9, 23. * 300: Gnaeus Ogulnius * 298:
Marcus Curius Dentatus Manius Curius Dentatus (died 270 BC) was a Roman general and statesman noted for ending the Samnite War and for his military exploits during the Pyrrhic War. According to Pliny, he was born with teeth, thus earning the surname Dentatus, "toothed ...
* 293: Marcus Scantius * 286: Maenius * 286: Aquilius * 285: Gaius Aelius * 279: Maenius * 270: Marcus Fulvius Flaccus * 248:
Gaius Fundanius Fundulus Gaius, sometimes spelled ''Gajus'', Kaius, Cajus, Caius, was a common Latin praenomen; see Gaius (praenomen). People *Gaius (jurist) (), Roman jurist * Gaius Acilius * Gaius Antonius * Gaius Antonius Hybrida *Gaius Asinius Gallus *Gaius Asinius ...
Broughton
1. p. 215
/ref> * 248: Pullius * 241: Genucius * 232: Gaius Flaminius * 220: Marcus Metilius * 219: Maenius * 218:
Quintus Claudius Quintus is a male given name derived from '' Quintus'', a common Latin forename (''praenomen'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Quintus derives from Latin word ''quintus'', meaning "fifth". Quintus is an English masculine given name and ...
* 217: Quintus Baebius Herennius * 217: Marcus Metilius * 216: Marcus Minucius Augurinus * 216:
Lucius Scribonius Libo Several men of plebeian status were named Lucius Scribonius Libo during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire; they were members of the ''gens'' Scribonia. L. Scribonius Libo (praetor 204 BC) Lucius Scribonius Libo was a tribune of the plebs in 216 ...
* 216: Quintus Baebius Herennius * 215:
Gaius Oppius Gaius Oppius was an intimate friend of Julius Caesar. He managed the dictator's private affairs during his absence from Rome, and, together with Lucius Cornelius Balbus, exercised considerable influence in the city. According to Suetonius (''Ca ...
* 213: Lucius Caecilius L. f. L. n. Metellus * 213: Marcus Caecilius Metellus * 212: Spurius CarviliusLivy, xxv. 3, 4. * 212: Lucius Carvilius * 212: Gaius Servilius Casca * 211: Gaius Sempronius Blaesus * 211: Publius AquiliusBroughton
1. p. 273
/ref> * 211: Gaius Servilius Geminus * 211: Publius Villius * 210: Marcus LucretiusLivy, xxvii. 5. * 210: Gaius Arrenius * 210: Lucius Arrenius * 210: Lucius AtiliusBroughton
1. p. 279
/ref> * 210: Marcus Lucretius * 209: Gaius Publicius Bibulus * 204: Marcus Cincius Alimentus * 204: Tiberius Claudius Asellus * 204: Gnaeus Baebius (Tamphilus)Broughton
1. p. 307
/ref> * 204:
Marcus Claudius Marcellus Marcus Claudius Marcellus (; 270 – 208 BC), five times elected as consul of the Roman Republic, was an important Roman military leader during the Gallic War of 225 BC and the Second Punic War. Marcellus gained the most prestigious award a Roma ...
* 204:
Licinius Valerius Licinianus Licinius (c. 265 – 325) was Roman emperor from 308 to 324. For most of his reign he was the colleague and rival of Constantine I, with whom he co-authored the Edict of Milan, AD 313, that granted official toleration to C ...
* 204: Marcus Silius * 204:
Publius Silius Publius Silius was a Roman senator active during the reign of the emperor Augustus. He was suffect consul in AD 3, replacing Lucius Aelius Lamia; his colleague was Lucius Volusius Saturninus. Silius was the oldest son of Publius Silius Nerva. ...
* 203: Gnaeus Baebius (Tamphilus) * 201: Manius Acilius GlabrioBroughton
1. p. 320
/ref> * 201: Quintus Minucius Thermus * 200: Quintus BaebiusBroughton
1. p. 324
/ref> * 200: Tiberius Sempronius Longus


2nd century BC

Unless otherwise indicated, entries are based on T.R.S. Broughton
''Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', vol. I
(1951). * 199: P. Porcius Laeca * 198: M. FulviusAgainst 199 BC: * 198: M'. Curius * 197: Gaius Acilius Glabrio * 197: Q. Fulvius * 197: L. Oppius (Salinator) * 196: C. Afranius (Stellio?) * 196: C. Atinius Labeo (probably) * 196: C. Licinius Lucullus * 196: Q. Marcius Ralla * 195: M. Fundanius * 195: M. Junius Brutus * 195: P. Junius Brutus * 195: L. Valerius (Tappo) * 194: M. Baebius (Tamphilus) (uncertain) * 193: Q. Aelius Tubero * 193: M. Sempronius (Tuditanus) * 192: C. Titinius * 192: M. Titinius (Curvus?) * before 192: Plaetorius * 191: P. Sempronius Blaesus * 189: P. Sempronius Gracchus * 189: C. Sempronius Rutilus * 189: (Q.) Terentius Culleo * 188: C. Valerius Tappo * 187: M. Aburius * 187: L. Mummius * 187: Q. Mummius * 187: Q. Petillius * 187: Q. Petillius (Spurinus) * c. 184: M. Caelius * 184: C. Fannius * 184: C. Minucius Augurinus * 184: M. Naevius * 184: Ti. Sempronius Gracchus * 182: C. Orchius * 180: L. Villius Annalis * 177: Q. Aelius * 177: Licinius Nerva * 177: C. Papirius Turdus * bef. 175: Plaetorius * 172: M. Lucretius * 172: Q. Marcius Scilla * 172: M. Marcius Sermo * 171: M. Claudius Marcellus * 171: M. Fulvius Nobilior * 170: Cn. Aufidius * 170: M'. Juventius Thalna * 169: P. Rutilius * 169: Q. Voconius Saxa * 168: Cn. Tremellius * 167: M. Antonius * 167: M. Pomponius * 167: Ti. Sempronius * c. 154: L. Aurelius Cotta * c. 154: Q. Caecilius Metellus (Macedonicus) * c. 153: Aelius (probably) * c. 153: Fufius (probably) * c. 149: Atinius * 149: L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi * 149: L. Scribonius Libo * 149: M. Scantius (or Scantinius?) (uncertain) * 146: Livius * 145: C. Licinius Crassus * 143: (T.?) Didius * c. 142: C. Fannius * 141: P. Mucius Scaevola * 140: Ti. Claudius Asellus * 139: A. Gabinius * 138: C. Curiatius * 138: Sp. Licinius * 137: M. Antius Briso * 137: L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla * 137: C. Fannius Strabo * 136: P. Rutilius * 133: (Q.?) Mucius (or Minucius? Mummius?) * 133: M. Octavius * 133: Rubrius * 133: P. Satureius * 133: Ti. Sempronius Gracchus * 132: Pompeius * 131: C. Atinius Labeo Macerio * c. 130: Q. Aelius Tubero * 130 (or 131): C. Papirius Carbo * 126: M. Junius Pennus * c. 123: Aufeius * c. 123: M. Junius (Silanus) * 123: C. Sempronius Gracchus * c. 122: (M'.?) Acilius Glabrio * 122: M. Fulvius Flaccus * 122: M. Livius Drusus * c. 122: Cn. Marcius Censorinus * 122: (C.?) Rubrius * 122: C. Sempronius Gracchus * c. 121: Maevius * 121: Minucius Rufus * 120 (or 121): L. Calpurnius Bestia * 120: P. Decius * 119: C. Marius * 113: Sex. Peducaeus * 111: C. Baebius * c. 111: C. Licinius Nerva * 111: C. Memmius * c. 111: Sp. Thorius * 110: L. Annius * 110: P. Licinius Lucullus * 109: C. Mamilius Limetanus * 107: C. Coelius Caldus * 107: L. Licinius Crassus * 107: T. Manlius Mancinus * 106: Q. Mucius Scaevola (Pontifex) * 104: L. Cassius Longinus * 104: Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus * c. 104: L. Marcius Philippus * c. 104: Clodius (possibly) * 103: L. Appuleius Saturninus * 103: L. Aurelius Cotta * 103: (M.?) Baebius (Tamphilus?) * 103: T. Didius * 103: C. Norbanus * 103: L. (Antistius?) Reginus * 102: A. Pompeius * 101: C. Servilius GlauciaBroughton, Supp. p. 59 * 100: L. Appuleius Saturninus


1st century BC

Unless otherwise indicated, entries are based on T.R.S. Broughton, ''Magistrates of the Roman Republic'', vol. II (1952).


References


Bibliography

* Titus Livius Patavinus (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita (History of Rome). * Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Romaike Archaiologia (Roman Antiquities). * * Smith, William (ed. 1870),
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology The ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'' (1849, originally published 1844 under a slightly different title) is an encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. Edited by William Smith, the dictionary spans three volumes and 3,700 ...
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Marcus Tullius Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the esta ...
, Brutus, De Oratore, De Officiis, De Natura Deorum, Epistulae ad Familiares, Laelius de Amicitia, In Verrem, Pro Gaio Rabirio Perduellionis Reo, Florus, Pro Quintus Roscius, Epistulae ad Atticum, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem, In Vatinium Testem, Post Reditum in Senatu, De Haruspicum Responsis, Pro Plancio, De Domo Sua, Pro Sestio, Pro Rabirio Postumo, Philippicae. *
Plutarch Plutarch (; grc-gre, Πλούταρχος, ''Ploútarchos''; ; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for hi ...
, The Life of Gaius Gracchus, The Life of Tiberius Gracchus, The Life of Marius, The Life of Pompey, The Life of Crassus, The Life of Cato the Younger, The Life of Cicero, The Life of Caesar, The Life of Antony. *
Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, usually referred to as Macrobius (fl. AD 400), was a Roman provincial who lived during the early fifth century, during late antiquity, the period of time corresponding to the Later Roman Empire, and when Latin was ...
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Publius Cornelius Tacitus Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus ( , ; – ), was a Roman historian and politician. Tacitus is widely regarded as one of the greatest Roman historians by modern scholars. The surviving portions of his two major works—the ...
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Julius Obsequens Julius Obsequens was a Roman writer active in the 4th or early 5th centuries AD, during late antiquity. His sole known work is the ''Prodigiorum liber'' (''Book of Prodigies''), a tabulation of the wonders and portents that had occurred in the Ro ...
, Liber de Prodigiis (Book of Prodigies) *
Marcus Velleius Paterculus Marcus Velleius Paterculus (; c. 19 BC – c. AD 31) was a Roman historian, soldier and senator. His Roman history, written in a highly rhetorical style, covered the period from the end of the Trojan War to AD 30, but is most useful for the per ...
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Valerius Maximus Valerius Maximus () was a 1st-century Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes: ''Factorum ac dictorum memorabilium libri IX'' ("Nine books of memorable deeds and sayings", also known as ''De factis dictisque memorabilibus'' ...
, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings). * Gaius Suetonius Tranquilis (Suetonius), Caligula, The Life Of Caesar *
Quintus Asconius Pedianus Quintus Asconius Pedianus (BC 9 - AD 76) was a Roman historian. There is no evidence that Asconius engaged in a public career, but he was familiar both with Roman government of his time and with the geography of the city. He may, therefore, have w ...
, Commentarius in Oratio Ciceronis Pro Milone (Commentary on Cicero's Oration Pro Milone). * https://web.archive.org/web/20080422073924/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/1334.html * Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cassius s.v Quintus Cassius Longinus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. *
Gaius Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and ...
, De Bello Civili (On the Civil War) * Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. * Michel Crawford & Timothy Peter Wiseman, "The Coinage of the Age of Sulla", in The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society, Seventh Series, Vol. 4 (1964), pp. 141–158, Appendix II, pp. 156, 157. {{Ancient Rome topics
Tribune Tribune () was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome. The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes. For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on th ...
Tribune Tribune () was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome. The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes. For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on th ...