List of Polish monarchs
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Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
was ruled at various times either by
duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are r ...
s and
prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. ...
s (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of
free election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has oper ...
of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries). The first known Polish ruler is Duke
Mieszko I Mieszko I (; – 25 May 992) was the first ruler of Poland and the founder of the first independent Polish state, the Duchy of Poland. His reign stretched from 960 to his death and he was a member of the Piast dynasty, a son of Siemomysł and ...
, who adopted
Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. It is the world's largest and most widespread religion with roughly 2.38 billion followers representing one-third of the global popula ...
under the authority of Rome in the year 966. He was succeeded by his son,
Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave ; cs, Boleslav Chrabrý; la, Boleslaus I rex Poloniae (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia betwe ...
, who greatly expanded the boundaries of the Polish state and ruled as the first king in 1025. The following centuries gave rise to the mighty Piast dynasty, consisting of both kings such as
Mieszko II Lambert Mieszko II Lambert (; c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death. He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emnilda of Lusatia. He was pro ...
, Przemysł II or Władysław I the Elbow-high and dukes like Bolesław III Wrymouth. The dynasty ceased to exist with the death of Casimir III the Great in 1370. In the same year, the Capetian House of Anjou became the ruling house with Louis I as king of both Poland and
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...
. His daughter,
Jadwiga Jadwiga (; diminutives: ''Jadzia'' , ''Iga'') is a Polish feminine given name. It originated from the old German feminine given name ''Hedwig'' (variants of which include ''Hedwiga''), which is compounded from ''hadu'', "battle", and ''wig'', "figh ...
, later married Jogaila, the pagan
Grand Duke of Lithuania The monarchy of Lithuania concerned the monarchical head of state of Lithuania, which was established as an absolute and hereditary monarchy. Throughout Lithuania's history there were three ducal dynasties that managed to stay in power— Ho ...
, who in 1386 was baptized and crowned as Władysław II Jagiełło, thus creating the
Jagiellonian dynasty The Jagiellonian dynasty (, pl, dynastia jagiellońska), otherwise the Jagiellon dynasty ( pl, dynastia Jagiellonów), the House of Jagiellon ( pl, Dom Jagiellonów), or simply the Jagiellons ( pl, Jagiellonowie), was the name assumed by a cad ...
and a personal union between Poland and
Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
. During the reign of Casimir IV Jagiellon and Sigismund I the Old, culture flourished and cities developed. This era of progress, also known as the Polish Renaissance, continued until the
Union of Lublin The Union of Lublin ( pl, Unia lubelska; lt, Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569 in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest countries in Europe at the time. It replaced the per ...
under Sigismund II Augustus, which unofficially marked the end of the Polish Golden Age. After the death of the last Jagiellonian king, the united
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...
became an
elective monarchy An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected monarch, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance. The manner of election, the nature of candidate qualifications, and t ...
with mostly foreigners elected as monarchs such as Henry III of France, who witnessed the introduction of the Golden Liberty system and Stephen Báthory, a capable military commander who strengthened the nation. The meaningful rule of the
Vasa dynasty The House of Vasa or Wasa Georg Starbäck in ''Berättelser ur Sweriges Medeltid, Tredje Bandet'' pp 264, 275, 278, 291–296 & 321 ( sv, Vasaätten, pl, Wazowie, lt, Vazos) was an early modern royal house founded in 1523 in Sweden. Its memb ...
initially expanded the Commonwealth as the arts and crafts developed, as well as trade and commerce. King Sigismund III Vasa, a talented but somewhat despotic ruler, involved the country in many wars, which subsequently resulted in the successful capture of
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
and the loss of Livonia to
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...
. His son, Władysław IV Vasa, fiercely defended the Commonwealth's borders and continued the policy of his father until his death, unlike John II Casimir whose tragic rule resulted in his abdication. The election of
John III Sobieski John III Sobieski ( pl, Jan III Sobieski; lt, Jonas III Sobieskis; la, Ioannes III Sobiscius; 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696. Born into Polish nobility, Sobi ...
to the Polish throne proved to be beneficial for the Commonwealth. A brilliant military tactician, John III led the coalition forces to victory at Vienna in 1683 and he partially recaptured land from the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
. However, the years that followed were not as successful. The long and ineffective rule of the Wettin dynasty ( Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III) placed the Commonwealth under the influence of
Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a ...
and the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...
. Additional feuds with rebel nobility ( szlachta) and most notably Stanislaus I Leszczyński and
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
diminished the influence of Poland-Lithuania in the region, which led to the
partitions Partition may refer to: Computing Hardware * Disk partitioning, the division of a hard disk drive * Memory partition, a subdivision of a computer's memory, usually for use by a single job Software * Partition (database), the division of ...
that occurred under King Stanislaus II Augustus, yet another enlightened, but ineffective monarch. The last true sovereign of Poland was Frederick Augustus I as Duke of Warsaw, who throughout his political career attempted to rehabilitate the Polish state. Following the
Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fre ...
, many sovereigns claimed the title of Polish king, duke or ruler, notably German, Russian and Austrian emperors. The
monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic ( constitutional monar ...
was abolished and a parliamentary republican authority was established when Poland was re-constituted as a sovereign state in 1918.


Legendary

Most of the legendary Polish rulers appear for the first time in chronicles from the 13th century and their existence has not been determined. , - , , , Unknown , Unknown , Unknown , Legendary founder of the Polish nation according to folktales, tribal leader , Lechites (Tribe) , - ,
also Krak or Grakch
, , , Unknown , , Legendary founder of
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
, Lechites (Tribe) , - ,
, ,
Son of Krakus I , Unknown , , Succession , Lechites (Tribe) , - ,

, ,
Son of Krakus I, brother of Krakus II , Unknown , , Succession , Lechites (Tribe) , - ,
also Wąda
, ,
Daughter of Krakus, sister of Krakus II and Lech II , Unknown , , Succession , Lechites (Tribe) , - , Duke

also Leszek


, ,

, Unknown ,

, Birth name Przemysław, defeated the Hungarians and was crowned
Elected , Goplans and Polans (Tribes) , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of Leszko I, Alleged progenitor of the Popielids dynasty , Unknown , , Succession , Popielids , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of Leszko II , Unknown , , Succession , Popielids , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of
Leszko III Leszko III (or Leszek, Lestek, Lesco) was a legendary ruler of Poland, firstly mentioned by Wincenty Kadłubek. Alleged son of Leszko II, father of Popiel I and grandfather of Popiel II. Hypothesis If we would like today to again review the ...
, Unknown , , Succession , Popielids , - , Duke

, ,
Presumed son of Popiel I , NN, A German Princess , , A legendary ruler dethroned by Piast. He appears (without the number) in the oldest Polish chronicle, ''
Gesta principum Polonorum The ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' (; "''Deeds of the Princes of the Poles''") is the oldest known medieval chronicle documenting the history of Poland from the legendary times until 1113. Written in Latin by an anonymous author, it was most lik ...
'' from the early 12th century
Succession , Popielids , - ,
, ,
Son of Chościsko , Rzepicha , , Legendary founder of the Piast dynasty. He appears in the oldest Polish chronicle, ''
Gesta principum Polonorum The ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' (; "''Deeds of the Princes of the Poles''") is the oldest known medieval chronicle documenting the history of Poland from the legendary times until 1113. Written in Latin by an anonymous author, it was most lik ...
'' from the early 12th century , Piast


Semi-legendary

The three direct predecessors of Mieszko I are known only from the account of Gallus Anonymus, who wrote the oldest Polish chronicle, ''
Gesta principum Polonorum The ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' (; "''Deeds of the Princes of the Poles''") is the oldest known medieval chronicle documenting the history of Poland from the legendary times until 1113. Written in Latin by an anonymous author, it was most lik ...
'' at the beginning of the 12th century. Though their historicity was once debatable, now historians tend to consider them actually existing rulers. , - , Duke

also Ziemowit

9th century , , 9th century
Presumed son of
Piast the Wheelwright Piast the Wheelwright ( 740/741? – 861 AD; Latin: ''Past Ckosisconis'', ''Pazt filius Chosisconisu''; Polish: ''Piast Chościskowic'', ''Piast Kołodziej'' , ''Piast Oracz'' or ''Piast'') was a semi-legendary figure in medieval Poland (9th cent ...

and Rzepicha , Unknown , 9th century , Named the Duke of the Polans after his father, Piast the Wheelwright, refused to take the place of legendary Duke Popiel
Elected , Piast , , - , Duke

also Leszek or Lestko
9th century

10th century , , 880
Presumed son of Siemowit , Unknown , 950 , Named the Duke of the Polans after succeeding his father
Succession , Piast , , - , Duke

also Ziemomysł
Latin: Zemomislaus
10th century

/960 , ,
Presumed son of Lestek , Unknown , 960 , Named the Duke of the Polans after succeeding his father
Succession , Piast ,


House of Piast

, - , Duke
Mieszko I Mieszko I (; – 25 May 992) was the first ruler of Poland and the founder of the first independent Polish state, the Duchy of Poland. His reign stretched from 960 to his death and he was a member of the Piast dynasty, a son of Siemomysł and ...

Latin: ''Misico, dux Wandalorum''
960

25 May 992
''( years)'' , ,
Son of semi-legendary
Siemomysł Siemomysł or Ziemomysł (died ) was the third duke of Polans of the Piast dynasty, and the father of Poland's first Christian ruler, Mieszko I. He was listed by Gallus Anonymous in his ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' and was the son of Lestek, ...
, Doubravka of Bohemia

2 children
Oda of Haldensleben

3 children , 25 May 992
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...

Aged about 62 , First Christian ruler of Poland
Succession , Piast , - , King
Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave ; cs, Boleslav Chrabrý; la, Boleslaus I rex Poloniae (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia betwe ...

also Boleslaus I the Great
pl, Bolesław I Chrobry (Wielki)
9921025 (as duke)
18 April 102517 June 1025 (as king)
''( years)'' , ,
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...
Son of
Mieszko I Mieszko I (; – 25 May 992) was the first ruler of Poland and the founder of the first independent Polish state, the Duchy of Poland. His reign stretched from 960 to his death and he was a member of the Piast dynasty, a son of Siemomysł and ...
and Doubravka of Bohemia , Hunilda, daughter of Rikdag
Judith of Hungary
Emnilda of Lusatia Emnilda ( pl, Emnilda słowiańska; – 1017), was a Slavic noblewoman and Duchess of Poland from 992 by her marriage with the Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave. Ancestry She was a daughter of Dobromir, a Slavic ruler who in a 1013 entry wa ...
Oda of Meissen Oda of Meissen, also named Ode, Old High German form for ''Uta'' or ''Ute'' ( pl, Oda Miśnieńska, german: Oda von Meißen; born c. 996 – died 31 October or 13 November after 1025), was a Saxon countess member of the Ekkehardiner dynasty. She ...
, 17 June 1025
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged about 58 , First crowned king
Succession , Piast , - , King
Mieszko II Lambert Mieszko II Lambert (; c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death. He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emnilda of Lusatia. He was pro ...

25 December 10251031
''( years)'' , ,
Son of
Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave ; cs, Boleslav Chrabrý; la, Boleslaus I rex Poloniae (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia betwe ...
and
Emnilda of Lusatia Emnilda ( pl, Emnilda słowiańska; – 1017), was a Slavic noblewoman and Duchess of Poland from 992 by her marriage with the Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave. Ancestry She was a daughter of Dobromir, a Slavic ruler who in a 1013 entry wa ...
, Richeza of Lotharingia, 4 children , 10/11 May 1034
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...

Aged about 44 , Crowned king
Succession
Deposed as a result of the Pagan Rebellion , Piast , - , Duke
Bezprym
10311032 ''( years)'' , ,
Son of Bolesław I the Brave and Judith of Hungary , Unknown ,
Aged about 46 , Country divided, ruler of a Duchy
Usurped , Piast , - , Duke
Otto
10321033 ''( years)'' , ,
Son of Bolesław I the Brave and
Emnilda of Lusatia Emnilda ( pl, Emnilda słowiańska; – 1017), was a Slavic noblewoman and Duchess of Poland from 992 by her marriage with the Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave. Ancestry She was a daughter of Dobromir, a Slavic ruler who in a 1013 entry wa ...
, Unknown ,
Aged about 33 , Country divided, ruler of a Duchy
Usurped , Piast , - , Duke
Dytryk
also Dietrich and Theoderick
10321033 ''( years)'' , ,
Son of
Lambert Mieszkowic Lambert Mieszkowic (c. 981 – after 992/95), was a Polish prince of the House of Piast. He was the fourth son of Mieszko I of Poland, the third born from his second marriage with Oda, daughter of Dietrich of Haldensleben, Margrave of the North Ma ...
or
Mieszko Mieszkowic Mieszko Mieszkowic (979/984 – aft. 992/95), was a Polish prince, and a member of the House of Piast. He was the second son of Mieszko I of Poland, but eldest born from Mieszko's second marriage to Oda, daughter of Dietrich of Haldensleben, Margr ...
, Unknown ,
Aged about 41 , Country divided, ruler of a Duchy
Usurped , Piast , - , Duke
Mieszko II Lambert
10331034
''( years)'' , ,
Son of
Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave ; cs, Boleslav Chrabrý; la, Boleslaus I rex Poloniae (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia betwe ...
and
Emnilda of Lusatia Emnilda ( pl, Emnilda słowiańska; – 1017), was a Slavic noblewoman and Duchess of Poland from 992 by her marriage with the Piast ruler Bolesław I the Brave. Ancestry She was a daughter of Dobromir, a Slavic ruler who in a 1013 entry wa ...
, Richeza of Lotharingia, 4 children , 10/11 May 1034
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...

Aged about 44 , Restored as duke , Piast , - , Duke
Bolesław the Forgotten Bolesław the Forgotten () or the Cruel (; before 1016 – 1038/39) was a semi-legendary King of Poland of the Piast dynasty from 1034 until his death in 1038 or 1039. He was allegedly the first-born son of Mieszko II Lambert. Sources which me ...

pl, Bolesław Zapomniany
10341038/1039
''( years)'' , , before 1016
Presumed son of
Mieszko II Lambert Mieszko II Lambert (; c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death. He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emnilda of Lusatia. He was pro ...
, Unknown , 1038/1039 , Semi-legendary, existence disputed , Piast , - , Duke
Casimir I the Restorer
pl, Kazimierz I Odnowiciel
1034/10401058
''( years)'' , , 25 July 1016
Son of
Mieszko II Lambert Mieszko II Lambert (; c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death. He was the second son of Bolesław I the Brave, but the eldest born from his third wife Emnilda of Lusatia. He was pro ...
and Richeza of Lotharingia , Maria Dobroniega, 5 children , 19 March 1058
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...

Aged 41 , Made prince in 1034, returned from abroad in 1040
Restoration , Piast , - , King
Bolesław II the Generous
pl, Bolesław II Szczodry (Śmiały)
10581076 (as duke)
26 December 10761079 (as king)
''( years)'' , , 1042
Son of Casimir I the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega , Wyszesława, 1 son , 2/3 April 1081
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...
or Ossiach
Aged about 39 , Crowned king in 1076
Deposed and exiled in 1079 after slaying Saint Stanislaus , Piast , - , Duke
Władysław I Herman Władysław I Herman ( 1044 – 4 June 1102) was the duke of Poland from 1079 until his death. Accession Władysław was the second son of the Polish duke Casimir the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega of Kiev. As the second son, Władysław was not ...

10794 June 1102
''( years)'' , , 1044
Son of Casimir I the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega , Przecława
Judith of Bohemia
Judith of Swabia Judith of Swabia ( hu, Sváb Judit, pl, Judyta Szwabska, Judyta Salicka; Summer 1054 – 14 March ca. 1105?), a member of the Salian dynasty, was the youngest daughter of Emperor Henry III from his second marriage with Agnes of Poitou. By her t ...
, 24 June 1102
Płock
Aged about 58 , Succeeded brother after his exile , Piast , - , Duke
Zbigniew
11021107
''( years)'' , ,
Son of
Władysław I Herman Władysław I Herman ( 1044 – 4 June 1102) was the duke of Poland from 1079 until his death. Accession Władysław was the second son of the Polish duke Casimir the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega of Kiev. As the second son, Władysław was not ...
and Przecława (?) , Unknown , 8 July 1113
Aged about 40 , Succession , Piast , - , Duke
Bolesław III Wrymouth
also Boleslaus III
pl, Bolesław III Krzywousty
11071138
''( years)'' , , 20 August 1086
Płock
Son of
Władysław I Herman Władysław I Herman ( 1044 – 4 June 1102) was the duke of Poland from 1079 until his death. Accession Władysław was the second son of the Polish duke Casimir the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega of Kiev. As the second son, Władysław was not ...
and Judith of Bohemia , Zbyslava of Kiev
Salomea of Berg , 28 October 1138
Sochaczew
Aged 52 , Succession
His death led to the fragmentation of Poland , Piast


Fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320)

, - , High Duke
Władysław II the Exile
pl, Władysław II Wygnaniec
11381146
''( years)'' , , 1105
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Zbyslava of Kiev ,
Agnes of Babenberg Agnes of Babenberg ( pl, Agnieszka austriacka; 1108/13 – 24/25 January 1163) was a scion of the Franconian House of Babenberg and by marriage High Duchess of Poland and Duchess of Silesia. Family and personality Agnes was a daughter of Le ...
, 5 children , 30 May 1159
Altenburg Altenburg () is a city in Thuringia, Germany, located south of Leipzig, west of Dresden and east of Erfurt. It is the capital of the Altenburger Land district and part of a polycentric old-industrial textile and metal production region betw ...

Aged 54 , Succession
Deposed and exiled , Piast , - , High Duke
Bolesław IV the Curly
pl, Bolesław IV Kędzierzawy
11461173
''( years)'' , ,
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg ,
Viacheslava of Novgorod Viacheslava of Novgorod (russian: Вячеслава новгородская, pl, Wierzchosława Nowogrodzka; c. 1125 – 15 March by 1162?), was a Kievan Rus' princess member of the House of Rurik and by marriage Duchess of Masovia and Kuyavia ...
, 3 children , 5 January 1173
Aged about 51 , Succeeded exiled half-brother , Piast , - , High Duke
Mieszko III the Old
pl, Mieszko III Stary
11731177
''( years)'' , ,
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg , Elisabeth of Hungary
Eudoxia of Kiev Eudoxia Iziaslavna of Kiev (russian: Евдокия Изяславна, pl, Eudoksja Izjasławówna, italic=no; c. 1131 – c. 1187), was a Kievan Rus' princess member of the Rurikid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Greater Poland and since 11 ...
, 13 March 1202
Kalisz
Aged about 75 , Succession
Deposed by brother in 1177 , Piast , - , High Duke
Casimir II the Just Casimir II the Just ( pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 28 October 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wiślica from 1166–1173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków and thereby Hi ...

pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy
11771190
''( years)'' , ,
Son of Bolesław III Wrymouth and Salomea of Berg , Helen of Znojmo, 7 children , 5 May 1194
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged about 56 , Usurped power from brother , Piast , - , Mieszko III the Old
11901190 , , – , – , – , Usurped , Piast , - , Casimir II the Just
11901194 , , – , – , – , Usurped , Piast , - , High Duke
Leszek I the White
pl, Leszek Biały
11941198
''( years)'' , , /1185
Son of
Casimir II the Just Casimir II the Just ( pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 28 October 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wiślica from 1166–1173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków and thereby Hi ...
and Helen of Znojmo , Grzymisława of Luck, 2 children , 24 November 1227
Marcinkowo Górne
Aged about 43 , Succession , Piast , - , Mieszko III the Old
11981199 , , – , – , – , Usurped , Piast , - , Leszek I the White
11991199 , , – , – , – , Restored , Piast , - , Mieszko III the Old
11991202 , , – , – , – , Usurped , Piast , - , High Duke
Władysław III Spindleshanks : ''This article refers to the 12th-century Polish monarch. For the 15th-century Jagiellon monarch, see Władysław III of Poland, and for other monarchs with similar names see Ladislaus III (disambiguation)''. Władysław III Spindleshanks ( pl, W ...

pl, Władysław III Laskonogi
12021206
''( years)'' , ,
Son of Mieszko III the Old and
Eudoxia of Kiev Eudoxia Iziaslavna of Kiev (russian: Евдокия Изяславна, pl, Eudoksja Izjasławówna, italic=no; c. 1131 – c. 1187), was a Kievan Rus' princess member of the Rurikid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Greater Poland and since 11 ...
, Lucia of Rügen, 2 children , 3 November 1231
Aged about 64 , Usurped , Piast , - , Leszek I the White
12061210 , , – , – , – , Restored , Piast , - , High Duke
Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
pl, Mieszko IV Plątonogi
12101211
''( years)'' , ,
Son of Władysław II the Exile and
Agnes of Babenberg Agnes of Babenberg ( pl, Agnieszka austriacka; 1108/13 – 24/25 January 1163) was a scion of the Franconian House of Babenberg and by marriage High Duchess of Poland and Duchess of Silesia. Family and personality Agnes was a daughter of Le ...
, Ludmila, 5 children , 16 May 1211
Aged about 81 , Usurped , Piast , - , Leszek I the White
12111227
''( years)'' , , – , – , – , Restored
Murdered in 1227 , Piast , - , Władysław III Spindleshanks
12271229 , , – , – , – , Usurped , Piast , - , High Duke
Konrad I of Masovia
12291232
''( years)'' , , /1188
Son of
Casimir II the Just Casimir II the Just ( pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 28 October 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wiślica from 1166–1173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków and thereby Hi ...
and Helen of Znojmo ,
Agafia of Rus Agafia Svyatoslavna of Rus (between 1190 and 1195 – after 31 August 1247/2 June 1248) was Princess of Masovia by her marriage and was a member of the Rurikid dynasty. Life Agafia was the daughter of Svyatoslav III Igorevich and his wife Yarosl ...
, 10 children , 31 August 1247
Aged about 60 , Usurped , Piast , - , High Duke
Henry I the Bearded Henry the Bearded ( pl, Henryk (Jędrzych) Brodaty, german: Heinrich der Bärtige; c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238) was a Polish duke from the Piast dynasty. He was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201, Duke of Kraków and High Duke of all P ...

pl, Henryk I Brodaty
12321238
''( years)'' , , /1188
Głogów
Son of
Bolesław I the Tall Bolesław I the Tall ( pl, Bolesław I Wysoki) (born 1127 – died Leśnica (now part of Wrocław), 7 or 8 December 1201) was Duke of Wroclaw from 1163 until his death in 1201. Early years He was the eldest son of Władysław II the Exile by h ...
and Christina (?) , Hedwig of Andechs, 7 children , 19 March 1238
Krosno Odrzańskie
Aged about 73 , Usurped , Piast , - , High Duke
Henry II the Pious
pl, Henryk II Pobożny
12381241
''( years)'' , ,
Głogów
Son of
Henry the Bearded Henry the Bearded ( pl, Henryk (Jędrzych) Brodaty, german: Heinrich der Bärtige; c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238) was a Polish duke from the Piast dynasty. He was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201, Duke of Kraków and High Duke of all P ...
and Hedwig of Andechs , Anne of Bohemia, 10 children , 9 April 1241
Legnickie Pole Legnickie Pole (in 1945–1948 ''Dobre Pole'', german: Wahlstatt) is a village in Legnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district ( gmina) called Gmina Legnickie Pole. It lies a ...

Aged about 45 , Succession
Killed at the Battle of Legnica , Piast , - , High Duke
Bolesław II the Horned
pl, Bolesław II Rogatka
12411241 , , /1225
Głogów
Son of Henry II the Pious and Anne of Bohemia , Hedwig of Anhalt, 7 children
Euphemia of Pomerania
Sophia of Dyhrn , 26 December 1278
Legnica Legnica (Polish: ; german: Liegnitz, szl, Lignica, cz, Lehnice, la, Lignitium) is a city in southwestern Poland, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the Kaczawa River (left tributary of the Oder) and the Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 197 ...
, Succession
Deposed , Piast , - , High Duke
Konrad I of Masovia
12411243
''( years)'' , , /1188
Son of
Casimir II the Just Casimir II the Just ( pl, Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy; 28 October 1138 – 5 May 1194) was a Lesser Polish Duke of Wiślica from 1166–1173, and of Sandomierz after 1173. He became ruler over the Polish Seniorate Province at Kraków and thereby Hi ...
and Helen of Znojmo ,
Agafia of Rus Agafia Svyatoslavna of Rus (between 1190 and 1195 – after 31 August 1247/2 June 1248) was Princess of Masovia by her marriage and was a member of the Rurikid dynasty. Life Agafia was the daughter of Svyatoslav III Igorevich and his wife Yarosl ...
, 10 children , 31 August 1247
Aged about 60 , Usurped , Piast , - , High Duke
Bolesław V the Chaste
pl, Bolesław V Wstydliwy
12431279
''( years)'' , , 21 June 1226
Stary Korczyn
Son of Leszek I the White and Grzymisława of Luck , Kinga of Poland, no children , 7 December 1279
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged 52 , Restored as rightful Duke , Piast , - , High Duke
Leszek II the Black
pl, Leszek Czarny
12791288
''( years)'' , ,
Brześć Kujawski
Son of
Casimir I of Kuyavia Casimir I of Kuyavia ( pl, Kazimierz I kujawski) (c. 1211 – 14 December 1267) was a Polish prince and a member of the House of Piast. He was Duke of Kujawy after 1233, ruler over Ląd from 1239-1261, ruler over Wyszogród after 1242, Duke of Si ...
and
Constance of Wrocław Constance of Wrocław ( pl, Konstancja wrocławska) (c.1221–27 – 21 or 23 February 1257) was a princess of Silesia and the duchess of Kuyavia. She was a member of the Polish House of Piast and mother of Leszek the Black and Ziemomysł of Kuyavi ...
, Gryfina of Halych , 30 September 1288
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged about 47 , Succession , Piast , - , High Duke
Henryk IV Probus
English: ''Henry the Righteous''
pl, Henryk IV Prawy
12881290
''( years)'' , , /1258
Son of
Henry III the White Henry III the White ( pl, Henryk III Biały) ( – 3 December 1266), a member of the Silesian Piasts, was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1248 until his death, as co-ruler with his brother Władysław. Life He was the third son of the Polish hi ...
and Judith of Masovia ,
Constance of Opole Constance may refer to: Places * Konstanz, Germany, sometimes written as Constance in English *Constance Bay, Ottawa, Canada * Constance, Kentucky * Constance, Minnesota *Constance (Portugal) *Mount Constance, Washington State People * Constan ...
Matilda of Brandenburg , 23 June 1290
Wrocław Wrocław (; german: Breslau, or . ; Silesian German: ''Brassel'') is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the River Oder in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Europe, r ...

Aged about 32 , Succession , Piast


Attempt at restoration (1295–1296)

, - , King
Przemysł II
English: Premislaus II
12901291 (as duke)
12951296 (as king)
''(1 year)'' , , , 14 October 1257
Poznań Poznań () is a city on the River Warta in west-central Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business centre, and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint Joh ...
Son of Przemysł I of Greater Poland and Elisabeth of Wrocław , Ludgarda of Mecklenburg
Richeza of Sweden
Margaret of Brandenburg , 8 February 1296
Rogoźno
Aged 38 , Crowned king in 1295
Granted Poland its coat of arms
Assassinated , Piast


House of Přemyslid

, - , King
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
pl, Wacław II Czeski
12961300 (as High Duke)
13001305 (as King)
''( years)'' , , , 27 September 1271
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
Son of
Ottokar II of Bohemia Ottokar II ( cs, Přemysl Otakar II.; , in Městec Králové, Bohemia – 26 August 1278, in Dürnkrut, Lower Austria), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until his dea ...
and
Kunigunda of Slavonia Kunigunda Rostislavna (1245 – 9 September 1285; Czech: ''Kunhuta Uherská'' or ''Kunhuta Haličská'') was Queen consort of Bohemia and its regent from 1278 until her death. She was a member of the House of Chernigov, and a daughter of Rostis ...
, Judith of Habsburg
Elisabeth Richeza of Poland , 21 June 1305
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

Aged 33 , Crowned himself King of Poland in 1300 , Přemyslid , - , ''(Uncrowned)''
Wenceslaus III of Bohemia
pl, Wacław III Czeski
13051306
''(1 year)'' , , , 6 October 1289
Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
Son of Wenceslaus II and Judith of Habsburg , Viola of Teschen , 4 August 1306
Olomouc
Aged 16 , Succession
Uncrowned and assassinated , Přemyslid


House of Piast (restored)

, - , King
Ladislaus the Short Ladislaus ( or according to the case) is a masculine given name of Slavic origin. It may refer to: * Ladislaus of Hungary (disambiguation) * Ladislaus I (disambiguation) * Ladislaus II (disambiguation) * Ladislaus III (disambiguation) * Ladis ...

pl, Władysław I Łokietek
13061320
(as High Duke)
20 January 1320

2 March 1333
(as King)
''()'' , , ,
Son of
Casimir I of Kuyavia Casimir I of Kuyavia ( pl, Kazimierz I kujawski) (c. 1211 – 14 December 1267) was a Polish prince and a member of the House of Piast. He was Duke of Kujawy after 1233, ruler over Ląd from 1239-1261, ruler over Wyszogród after 1242, Duke of Si ...
and
Euphrosyne of Opole Euphrosyne of Opole ( pl, Eufrozyna opolska) (1228/30 – 4 November 1292) was a daughter of Casimir I of Opole and his wife Viola, Duchess of Opole. She was a member of the House of Piast and became Duchess of Kuyavia from her first marriage and ...
,
Jadwiga of Kalisz Jadwiga of Kalisz (Polish: ''Jadwiga kaliska'' (''Bolesławówna)''; 1266 – 10 December 1339) was a Queen of Poland by marriage to Ladislaus the Short. She was the mother of the last Piast King of Poland, Casimir III. She was the second of thre ...
, 6 children , 2 March 1333
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged about 73 , Reunited the Kingdom of Poland after fragmentation
Crowned King in 1320 , Piast , - , King
Casimir III the Great
pl, Kazimierz III Wielki
25 April 1333

5 November 1370
''()'' , , , 30 April 1310
Kowal
Son of Władysław I the Elbow-high and
Jadwiga of Kalisz Jadwiga of Kalisz (Polish: ''Jadwiga kaliska'' (''Bolesławówna)''; 1266 – 10 December 1339) was a Queen of Poland by marriage to Ladislaus the Short. She was the mother of the last Piast King of Poland, Casimir III. She was the second of thre ...
,
Aldona of Lithuania Aldona (baptized ''Ona'' or ''Anna''; her pagan name, Aldona, is known only from the writings of Maciej Stryjkowski; – 26 May 1339) was Queen consort of Poland (1333–1339), and a princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. She was the daught ...
Adelaide of Hesse
Christina Rokiczana
Hedwig of Sagan , 5 November 1370
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged 60 , Succession
Strengthened Poland's position in Europe
Died without a male heir
Last monarch from the Piast Dynasty , Piast


House of Anjou

, - , King
Louis
pl, Ludwik Węgierski
17 November 1370

10 September 1382
''()'' , , , 5 March 1326
Visegrád
Son of Charles I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Poland , Margaret of Bohemia
Elizabeth of Bosnia , 10 September 1382
Nagyszombat (Trnava)
Aged 56 , Succeeded his uncle, Casimir III, to the Polish throne ,
Anjou Anjou may refer to: Geography and titles France *County of Anjou, a historical county in France and predecessor of the Duchy of Anjou **Count of Anjou, title of nobility *Duchy of Anjou, a historical duchy and later a province of France **Duke ...
, - , King
Hedwig
pl, Jadwiga
16 October 1384

17 July 1399
''()'' , , , 3 October 137418 February 1374
Buda
Daughter of Louis I of Hungary and Elizabeth of Bosnia , Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila) , 17 July 1399
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged 25 , Succeeded her father in Poland
Her husband was crowned ''
jure uxoris ''Jure uxoris'' (a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife"), citing . describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds the office or title '' suo jure'' ("in her own right"). Similarly, the husband of an heiress could beco ...
'' on 4 March 1386 ,
Anjou Anjou may refer to: Geography and titles France *County of Anjou, a historical county in France and predecessor of the Duchy of Anjou **Count of Anjou, title of nobility *Duchy of Anjou, a historical duchy and later a province of France **Duke ...


House of Jagiellon

, - , King
Władysław II Jagiełło
lt, Jogaila
4 March 1386

1 June 1434
''()'' , , , /1362
Vilnius Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urba ...
Son of
Algirdas Algirdas ( be, Альгерд, Alhierd, uk, Ольгерд, Ольґерд, Olherd, Olgerd, pl, Olgierd;  – May 1377) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania. He ruled the Lithuanians and Ruthenians from 1345 to 1377. With the help of his br ...
and Uliana of Tver ,
Hedwig of Poland Jadwiga (; 1373 or 137417 July 1399), also known as Hedwig ( hu, Hedvig), was the first woman to be crowned as monarch of the Kingdom of Poland. She reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death. She was the youngest daughter of Louis the Great ...
(Jadwiga)
Anna of Cilli
Elisabeth of Pilica Elizabeth Granowska or Elisabeth Pilecki ( pl, Elżbieta Granowska z Pileckich / Elżbieta z Pilczy; – 12 May 1420 in Kraków) was Queen consort of Poland (1417–1420) as the third wife of Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), Grand Duke of Li ...
Sophia of Halshany Sophia (Sonka) of Halshany or Sophia Holshanska ( be, Соф'я Гальшанская, translit=Sofja Halšanskaja; lt, Sofija Alšėniškė; pl, Zofia Holszańska; – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a princess of Halshany and was Queen ...
, 1 June 1434
Gródek
Aged 72–82 , Born a pagan
Previously
Grand Duke of Lithuania The monarchy of Lithuania concerned the monarchical head of state of Lithuania, which was established as an absolute and hereditary monarchy. Throughout Lithuania's history there were three ducal dynasties that managed to stay in power— Ho ...
Crowned co-ruler with wife Hedwig
Longest-reigning Polish monarch , Jagiellon , - , King
Władysław III
English: Ladislaus III of Varna
pl, Władysław III Warneńczyk
25 July 1434

10 November 1444
''()'' , , , 31 October 1424
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Son of Jogaila and
Sophia of Halshany Sophia (Sonka) of Halshany or Sophia Holshanska ( be, Соф'я Гальшанская, translit=Sofja Halšanskaja; lt, Sofija Alšėniškė; pl, Zofia Holszańska; – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a princess of Halshany and was Queen ...
, Unmarried and childless , 10 November 1444
Varna
Aged 20 , Succeeded his father in Poland
Killed at the Battle of Varna
Interregnum until 1447 , Jagiellon , - , King
Casimir IV
pl, Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk
25 June 1447

7 June 1492
''()'' , , , 30 November 1427
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Son of Jogaila and
Sophia of Halshany Sophia (Sonka) of Halshany or Sophia Holshanska ( be, Соф'я Гальшанская, translit=Sofja Halšanskaja; lt, Sofija Alšėniškė; pl, Zofia Holszańska; – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a princess of Halshany and was Queen ...
, Elizabeth of Habsburg, 13 children , 7 June 1492
Grodno
Aged 64 , Succession
Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania
Divided the Polish-Lithuanian realm between John and Alexander , Jagiellon , - , King
John I Albert
pl, Jan I Olbracht
23 September 1492

17 June 1501
''()'' , , , 27 December 1459
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg , Unmarried and childless , 17 June 1501
Toruń )'' , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_flag = POL Toruń flag.svg , image_shield = POL Toruń COA.svg , nickname = City of Angels, Gingerbread city, Copernicus Town , pushpin_map = Kuyavian-Pom ...

Aged 41 , Succeeded his father in Poland
Laid foundation for the
Sejm The Sejm (English: , Polish: ), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland ( Polish: ''Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''), is the lower house of the bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of ...
and
Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...
(Polish Parliament) , Jagiellon , - , King
Alexander
pl, Aleksander Jagiellończyk
12 December 1501

19 August 1506
''()'' , , , 5 August 1461
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg ,
Helena of Moscow Helena Ivanovna of Moscow (russian: Елена Ивановна; lt, Elena; pl, Helena Moskiewska; 19 May 1476 – 20 January 1513) was daughter of Ivan III the Great, Grand Prince of Moscow, and an uncrowned Grand Duchess of Lithuania and Qu ...
, childless , 19 August 1506
Vilnius Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urba ...

Aged 45 , Succeeded his brother in Poland
Previously Grand Duke of Lithuania
Buried in Lithuania , Jagiellon , - , King
Sigismund I the Old
pl, Zygmunt I Stary
8 December 1506

1 April 1548
''()'' , , , 1 January 1467
Kozienice Kozienice (; yi, קאזשניץ ''Kozhnits''; german: Koschnitz) is a town in eastern Poland with 21,500 inhabitants (1995). Located four miles from the Vistula, it is the capital of Kozienice County. Even though Kozienice is part of Lesser ...
Son of Casimir IV and Elizabeth of Habsburg , Barbara Zápolya
Bona Sforza Bona Sforza d'Aragona (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Sigismund I the Old, and Duchess of Bari and Rossano by her own right. She was a surviving member of ...
of
Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...
, 1 April 1548
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

Aged 81 , Succeeded his brother in Poland and Lithuania , Jagiellon , - , King
Sigismund II Augustus
pl, Zygmunt II August
1 April 1548

7 July 1572
''()'' , , , 1 August 1520
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Son of Sigismund I and
Bona Sforza Bona Sforza d'Aragona (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Sigismund I the Old, and Duchess of Bari and Rossano by her own right. She was a surviving member of ...
, Elizabeth of Austria
Barbara Radziwiłł Barbara Radziwiłł ( pl, Barbara Radziwiłłówna, lt, Barbora Radvilaitė; 6 December 1520/23 – 8 May 1551) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as consort of Sigismund II Augustus, the last male monarch of the Jagiellon dyna ...
Catherine of Austria , 7 July 1572
Knyszyn
Aged 51 , Succession
Formation of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...
with an
elective monarchy An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected monarch, in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance. The manner of election, the nature of candidate qualifications, and t ...
Last male member of the Jagiellonian Dynasty, died heirless , Jagiellon


Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795

, - , King
Henry
pl, Henryk Walezy
16 May 1573

12 May 1575
''()'' , , , 19 September 1551
Fontainebleau
Son of Henry II and
Catherine de' Medici Catherine de' Medici ( it, Caterina de' Medici, ; french: Catherine de Médicis, ; 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Florentine noblewoman born into the Medici family. She was Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to King ...
,
Louise of Lorraine Louise of Lorraine (french: Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont; 30 April 1553 – 29 January 1601) was Queen of France as the wife of King Henry III from their marriage on 15 February 1575 until his death on 2 August 1589. During the first three mon ...
, no children , 2 August 1589
Saint-Cloud
Aged 37 , Elected
Left Poland in June 1574 to succeed his
brother A brother is a man or boy who shares one or more parents with another; a male sibling. The female counterpart is a sister. Although the term typically refers to a familial relationship, it is sometimes used endearingly to refer to non-famili ...
in France
Interregnum until 1575 , Valois , - , Queen
Anna Anna may refer to: People Surname and given name * Anna (name) Mononym * Anna the Prophetess, in the Gospel of Luke * Anna (wife of Artabasdos) (fl. 715–773) * Anna (daughter of Boris I) (9th–10th century) * Anna (Anisia) (fl. 1218 to 1221) ...

pl, Anna Jagiellonka
15 December 1575

19 August 1587
''(de facto)''
''()''

9 September 1596
''(de jure)''
''()'' , , , 18 October 1523
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Daughter of Sigismund I and
Bona Sforza Bona Sforza d'Aragona (2 February 1494 – 19 November 1557) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania as the second wife of Sigismund I the Old, and Duchess of Bari and Rossano by her own right. She was a surviving member of ...
, Stephen Báthory, no children , 9 September 1596
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

Aged 72 , Elected co-monarch with Stephen Báthory
Sole ruler until Báthory's arrival and coronation in May 1576
Ruled after husband's death until her nephew was elected , Jagiellon , - , King
Stephen Báthory
pl, Stefan Batory
1 May 1576

12 December 1586
''()'' , , , 27 September 1533
Szilágysomlyó (Șimleu Silvaniei)
Son of Stephen Báthory of Somlyó and
Catherine Telegdi Catherine Telegdi ( Hungarian: Katalin Telegdi) (1492–1547) was a Hungarian noble lady, the daughter of royal treasurer Stephen Telegdi and his wife Margit Bebek de Pelsőcz. Family Telegdi married the deputy voivode of Transylvania Steph ...
,
Anna Jagiellon Anna Jagiellon ( pl, Anna Jagiellonka, lt, Ona Jogailaitė; 18 October 1523 – 9 September 1596) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1575 to 1587. Daughter of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and Italian duchess Bona ...
, no children , 12 December 1586
Grodno
Aged 53 , Elected as co-monarch with
Anna Jagiellon Anna Jagiellon ( pl, Anna Jagiellonka, lt, Ona Jogailaitė; 18 October 1523 – 9 September 1596) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1575 to 1587. Daughter of Polish King Sigismund I the Old and Italian duchess Bona ...
Previously Prince of
Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the A ...
, Báthory , - , King
Sigismund III
pl, Zygmunt III Waza
19 August 1587

30 April 1632
''()'' , , , 20 June 1566
Gripsholm Gripsholm Castle ( sv, Gripsholms slott) is a castle in Mariefred, Södermanland, Sweden. It is located by lake Mälaren in south central Sweden, in the municipality of Strängnäs, about 60 km west of Stockholm. Since Gustav Vasa, Grips ...
Son of
John III of Sweden John III ( sv , Johan III, fi, Juhana III; 20 December 1537 – 17 November 1592) was King of Sweden from 1569 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also, quite autonomou ...
and Catherine Jagiellon ,
Anne of Austria Anne of Austria (french: Anne d'Autriche, italic=no, es, Ana María Mauricia, italic=no; 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666) was an infanta of Spain who became Queen of France as the wife of King Louis XIII from their marriage in 1615 unt ...
Constance of Austria , 30 April 1632
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

Aged 65 , Elected, nephew of Anna Jagiellon
Transferred capital from
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
to Warsaw
Hereditary King of
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic countries, Nordic c ...
until deposition in 1599 , Vasa , - , King
Władysław IV
also Ladislaus IV
pl, Władysław IV Waza
8 November 1632

20 May 1648
''()'' , , , 9 June 1595
Łobzów
Son of Sigismund III and
Anne of Austria Anne of Austria (french: Anne d'Autriche, italic=no, es, Ana María Mauricia, italic=no; 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666) was an infanta of Spain who became Queen of France as the wife of King Louis XIII from their marriage in 1615 unt ...
,
Cecilia Renata of Austria Cecilia Renata of Austria (german: Cäcilia Renata, pl, Cecylia Renata; 16 July 1611 – 24 March 1644) was Queen of Poland as the wife of King Władysław IV Vasa. Selection and coronation Cecilia Renata was a daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Fe ...
Marie Louise Gonzaga , 20 May 1648
Merkinė Merkinė is a town in the Dzūkija National Park in Lithuania, located at the confluence of the Merkys, Stangė, and Nemunas rivers. Merkinė is one of the oldest settlements in Lithuania. The first settlers inhabited the confluence of Merkys an ...

Aged 52 , Elective succession
Also titular King of Sweden and elected Tsar of Russia (1610–1613) when the Polish army captured
Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, Vasa , - , King
John II Casimir
pl, Jan II Kazimierz
20 November 1648

16 September 1668
''()'' , , , 22 March 1609
Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...
Son of Sigismund III and Constance of Austria , Marie Louise Gonzaga
Claudine Françoise Mignot ( morganatic marriage) , 16 December 1672
Nevers Nevers ( , ; la, Noviodunum, later ''Nevirnum'' and ''Nebirnum'') is the prefecture of the Nièvre Departments of France, department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Regions of France, region in central France. It was the principal city of the ...

Aged 63 , Elective succession, succeeded half-brother
Previously a
cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **'' Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **'' Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, t ...
Titular King of Sweden
Abdicated Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of duty, in other societ ...
, Vasa , - , King
Michael I
pl, Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
19 June 1669

10 November 1673
''()'' , , , 31 May 1640
Biały Kamień
Son of Jeremi Wiśniowiecki and Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska ,
Eleonora Maria of Austria Eleonore Maria Josefa of Austria (21 May 1653 – 17 December 1697) was Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania by marriage to King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, and subsequently Duchess of Lorraine by her second marriage to Charles ...
, no children , 10 November 1673
Lwów Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...

Aged 33 , Elected
Born into nobility of mixed heritage, the son of a military commander and governor , Wiśniowiecki , - , King
John III Sobieski John III Sobieski ( pl, Jan III Sobieski; lt, Jonas III Sobieskis; la, Ioannes III Sobiscius; 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696. Born into Polish nobility, Sobi ...

pl, Jan III Sobieski
19 May 1674

17 June 1696
''()'' , , , 17 August 1629
Olesko
Son of Jakub Sobieski and Teofila Zofia , Marie Casimire d'Arquien, 13 children , 17 June 1696
Wilanów
Aged 66 , Elected
Born into nobility
A successful military commander , Sobieski , - , King
Augustus II Augustus II; german: August der Starke; lt, Augustas II; in Saxony also known as Frederick Augustus I – Friedrich August I (12 May 16701 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as Ki ...

pl, August II Mocny
15 September 1697

1706
''(1st reign, 9 years)'' , , , 12 May 1670
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
Son of John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark ,
Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (19 December 1671 – 4 September 1727) was Electress of Saxony from 1694 to 1727 (her death) and Queen Consort of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1697 to 1727 by marriage to Augustus I ...
, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

Aged 62 , Elected
Previously Elector and ruler of
Saxony Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a ...
Dethroned by Stanislaus I in 1706 during the
Great Northern War The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swe ...
, Wettin , - , King
Stanislaus I
pl, Stanisław I Leszczyński
12 July 1704

8 July 1709
''(1st reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...
Son of Rafał Leszczyński and
Anna Jabłonowska Princess Anna Paulina Jabłonowska (22 June 1728, Wołpa - 7 February 1800, Ostroróg coat of arms), was a Polish magnate and politician. She was known for her remarkable activity on her estates, in which she introduced social inventions as wel ...
, Catherine Opalińska, 2 children , 23 February 1766
Lunéville Lunéville ( ; German, obsolete: ''Lünstadt'' ) is a commune in the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. It is a subprefecture of the department and lies on the river Meurthe at its confluence with the Vezouze. History L ...

Aged 88 , Usurped
Nominated as ruler in 1704, crowned in 1705 and deposed predecessor in 1706
Exiled in 1709 ,
Leszczyński The House of Leszczyński ( , ; plural: Leszczyńscy, feminine form: Leszczyńska) was a prominent Polish noble family. They were magnates in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later became royal family of Poland. History The Leszczyński f ...
, - , King
Augustus II Augustus II; german: August der Starke; lt, Augustas II; in Saxony also known as Frederick Augustus I – Friedrich August I (12 May 16701 February 1733), most commonly known as Augustus the Strong, was Elector of Saxony from 1694 as well as Ki ...

pl, August II Mocny
8 July 1709

1 February 1733
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 12 May 1670
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
Son of John George III and Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark ,
Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (19 December 1671 – 4 September 1727) was Electress of Saxony from 1694 to 1727 (her death) and Queen Consort of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1697 to 1727 by marriage to Augustus I ...
, 1 son by wife , 1 February 1733
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

Aged 62 , Restored , Wettin , - , King
Stanislaus I
pl, Stanisław I Leszczyński
12 September 1733

26 January 1736
''(2nd reign, )'' , , , 20 October 1677
Lwów Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...
Son of Rafał Leszczyński and
Anna Jabłonowska Princess Anna Paulina Jabłonowska (22 June 1728, Wołpa - 7 February 1800, Ostroróg coat of arms), was a Polish magnate and politician. She was known for her remarkable activity on her estates, in which she introduced social inventions as wel ...
, Catherine Opalińska, 2 children , 23 February 1766
Lunéville Lunéville ( ; German, obsolete: ''Lünstadt'' ) is a commune in the northeastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. It is a subprefecture of the department and lies on the river Meurthe at its confluence with the Vezouze. History L ...

Aged 88 , Elected
His election sparked the War of the Polish Succession
Deposed by Augustus III in 1736 ,
Leszczyński The House of Leszczyński ( , ; plural: Leszczyńscy, feminine form: Leszczyńska) was a prominent Polish noble family. They were magnates in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later became royal family of Poland. History The Leszczyński f ...
, - , King
Augustus III
pl, August III Sas
5 October 1733

5 October 1763
''(30 years)'' , , , 17 October 1696
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
Son of Augustus II the Strong and Christiane Eberhardine , Maria Josepha of Austria, 16 children , 5 October 1763
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

Aged 66 , Usurped
Proclaimed King of Poland in 1733, crowned in 1734
Dethroned elected predecessor in 1736 , Wettin , - , King
Stanislaus II Augustus
pl, Stanisław II August
7 September 1764

25 November 1795
''()'' , , , 17 January 1732
Wołczyn
Son of Stanisław Poniatowski and Konstancja Czartoryska , Unmarried , 1 February 1798
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

Aged 66 , Elected
Born into nobility
Last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, his reign ended in the
Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...
, Poniatowski


Duchy of Warsaw, 1807–1815

, - , Grand Duke
Frederick Augustus I
pl, Fryderyk August I
9 June 1807

22 May 1815
''()'' , , , 23 December 1750
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
Son of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and Maria Antonia of Bavaria ,
Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (Maria Amalie Auguste; 10 May 1752 – 15 November 1828) was the last Electress and first Queen of Saxony and Duchess of Warsaw. Biography Amalie was born in Mannheim, the daughter of Count Pal ...
,
1 daughter , 5 May 1827
Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label= Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

Aged 76 , Treaties of Tilsit
Designated as a king of Poland by
General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland The General Confederation of the Kingdom of Poland (28 June 1812 – 30 April 1813, Polish ''Konfederacja Generalna Królestwa Polskiego'') was a Polish confederation established by emperor Napoleon Bonaparte on the eve of his campaign in Russi ...
, 1812. , Wettin


Pretenders to the Polish throne

* Vratislaus II of Bohemia (1085–1092) * Rudolf I of Bohemia (1306–1307) * Henry of Bohemia (1307–1310) *
John of Bohemia John the Blind or John of Luxembourg ( lb, Jang de Blannen; german: link=no, Johann der Blinde; cz, Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346), was the Count of Luxembourg from 1313 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King o ...
(1310–1335) *
Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: ''Erzherzog'', feminine form: ''Erzherzogin'') was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within ...
(1916–1918) *
Kiril, Prince of Preslav Prince Kiril of Bulgaria, Prince of Preslav ( bg, Кирил, принц Преславски; 17 November 1895 – 1 February 1945) was the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma. He was a younger ...
(1916–1918)


Modern

* Alexander, Margrave of Meissen (2012–), disputed *
Rüdiger, Margrave of Meissen , house = Wettin , father = Prince Timo of Saxony , mother = Margrit Lucas , birth_date = , birth_place = Mülheim an der Ruhr, North Rhine-Westphalia, West Germany , death_date = , death_place = Moritzburg, Saxony, ...
(2012–2022), disputed *
Daniel, Margrave of Meissen Prince Daniel Timo of Saxony, Duke of Saxony, Margrave of Meissen (german: Daniel Timo Prinz von Sachsen, Herzog zu Sachsen; born 23 June 1975), politician and entrepreneur, is the oldest son and heir of Rüdiger, Margrave of Meissen, a disputed H ...
(2022–), disputed. Son of Rüdiger


Not recognized royal elections

* Maxmilian II Habsburg (1575–1576), ''See: 1576 Free election'' * Maxmilian III Habsburg (1587–1589), ''See: 1587 Free election'' * François Louis de Bourbon (1697), ''See:
1697 Free election Events January–March * January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead is hanged outside Edinburgh, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy. * January 11 – French writer Charles Perrault releases the book ''Histoires o ...
''


See also

* Coronations in Poland * Dukes of Greater Poland *
Dukes of Masovia Duke of Masovia ( pl, Książę Mazowsza) was a title born by the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four to five ...
* Dukes of Pomerania * Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca * Dukes of Silesia * Kings of Poland family tree *
List of rulers of Partitioned Poland :''This list concerns the monarchs of Partitioned Poland, from 1795 and 19th- and early-20th-century claimants to the Polish throne. For the historical monarchs of Poland until 1795, see List of Polish monarchs.'' Kings of the Kingdom of Poland ...
* List of Galician rulers * List of heads of state of Poland * List of Poles * List of Polish consorts * List of prime ministers of Poland *
Princely Houses of Poland The princely houses of Poland and Lithuania differed from other princely houses in Europe. Most importantly, Polish nobility (''szlachta'') could not be granted nobility titles by the Polish kings in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Therefor ...


References


Bibliography

* Duczmal M., Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Kraków 1996. * Dybkowska A., Żaryn J., Żaryn M., Polskie dzieje. Od czasów najdawniejszych po współczesność, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1995. * Gierowski J.A., Rzeczpospolita w dobie złotej wolności (1648–1763), Kraków 2001. * Grodziski S., Polska w czasach przełomu (1764–1815), Kraków 2001. * Grodziski S., Porównawcza historia ustrojów państwowych, Kraków 1998. * Grzybowski S., Dzieje Polski i Litwy (1506–1648), Kraków 2000. * Morby J.E., Dynastie świata. Przewodnik chronologiczny i genealogiczny, Kraków 1995, s. 261–263. * Wyrozumski J., Dzieje Polski piastowskiej (VIII w.-1370), Kraków 1999. * Zientara B., Henryk Brodaty i jego czasy, wyd. 2, Warszawa 1997.


External links

* Górczyk, Wojciech
"Półksiężyc, orzeł, lew i smok. Uwagi o godłach napieczętnych Piastów"
Histmag.org June 14, 2009 {{Poland topics Monarchs
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
Monarchs
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
lt:Lenkijos karalius