This is a list of

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

dynasties, countries and autonomous territories. By the 10th century, the term "Kurd" did not have an ethnic connotation and referred to

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

nomads in the region between

Lake Van Lake Van ( tr, Van Gölü; hy, Վանա լիճ, translit=Vana lič̣; ku, Gola Wanê) is the largest lake in Turkey. It lies in the far east of Turkey, in the provinces of Van and Bitlis in the Armenian highlands. It is a saline soda lake ...

and

Lake Urmia Lake Urmia; az, اۇرمۇ گؤلۆ, script=Arab, italic=no, Urmu gölü; ku, گۆلائوو رمیەیێ, Gola Ûrmiyeyê; hy, Ուրմիա լիճ, Urmia lich; arc, ܝܡܬܐ ܕܐܘܪܡܝܐ is an endorheic salt lake in Iran. The lake is l ...

. In Arabic medieval sources, "Kurd" referred to non-

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

and non- Turkish nomads and semi-nomads (see

Origin of the Kurds Scholars have suggested different theories for the origin of the name ''Kurd''. According to the English Orientalist Godfrey Rolles Driver, the term ''Kurd'' is related to the Sumerian ''Karda'' which was found from Sumerian clay tablets of the t ...

Early entities

* Sadakiyans (770-827) * ''Daysam'' (938–955) * Hadhabanis (906–1080) * Aishanids (912–961) *

Shaddadids The Shaddadids were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty. who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 to 1199 AD. They were established in Dvin. Through their long tenure in Armenia, they often intermarried with the Bagratuni royal fami ...

(951–1199)Amir Hassanpour, ''Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918-1985'', Mellen Research University Press, 1992
p. 50.
/ref> * Rawwadids (955–1071) *

Hasanwayhids Hasanwayhids or Hasanuyid was a powerful Shia Kurdish dynasty reigning the western parts of Iran such as Iranian Azerbaijan and Zagros Mountains between Shahrizor and Khuzestan from c. 959 to 1015. The last Hasanwayhid ruler died in 1015 in Sarma ...

(959–1014) * Marwanids (983–1096) * Annazids (990/91–1117) *

Shabankara Shabankara ( fa, شبانکاره, meaning 'shepherd') was an Iranian tribe. They claimed descent from the mythical Iranian king Manuchehr who had been deported to eastern Fars from Isfahan by the Buyid Shahanshah 'Adud al-Dawla (r. 949–983). The ...

(11th century–12th century) *

Principality of Eğil Principality of Eğil (also known as Emirate of Eğil, around 1049–1864) was a Kurdish principality or emirate around the town of Eğil founded by Pir Mansûr (b.989) who conquered the town around 1049. Pir Mansûr claimed to be a descendant o ...

(1049–1864, Diyarbakir) *

Hazaraspids The Hazaraspids ( fa, هزاراسپیان, 1115–1424), was a Kurdish dynasty that ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and which flourished in the later Saljuq, Ilkhanid, Muzaffarid, and Timurid p ...

(1115–1425) * Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341) *

Principality of Bitlis The Principality of Bitlis, also known as the Bitlis Khanate and the Bitlis Emirate (1182–early 19th century) was a Kurdish principality originated from the ''Rojaki'' (or ''Rozagi'') tribal confederation. The Rojaki defeated the Georgian Kin ...

(1187–1847) * Vassaldom of

Ardalan Ardalan ( ku, میرنشینی ئەردەڵان) was a hereditary Kurdish vassaldom in western Iran from around the 14th century until 1865 or 1868 with Sanandaj as capital. The territory corresponded roughly to present-day Kurdistan Province ...

(14th century–1865 or 1868) * Zakarids (1161–1360) *

Emirate of Çemişgezek Emirate of Çemişgezek (, 13th century–1663) was a hereditary and autonomous Kurdish emirate existing from the 13th century to 1663, centered around Çemişgezek including Mazgirt, Pertek and Sağman. The emirate was populated by both Muslims ...

(13th century–1663) *

Mukriyan Mukriyan () or 'Deryaz' was a Kurdish principality from the late 14th century to the 19th century centered around Mahabad. Mukriyan was a neighbor to the Emirate of Bradost. Geography and tribes Mukriyan encompassed the area south of Lake ...

(14th century–19th century) * Zarrinnaal Dynasty (1448–1925) * Emirate of Pazooka (1499–1587) * Principality of Suleyman (15th century–1838) * Emirate of Soran (before 1514–1836) * Emirate of Miks (?–1846)

Remnants of the Ayyubid Dynasty (13th century–19th century)

Various Kurdish political entities blossomed in the period after the disestablishment of the Ayyubid dynasty in 1260. Some of these rulers claimed descent from the Ayyubids. * Principality of Donboli (1210–1799) * Emirate of Bingöl (1231–1864) * Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524) * Emirate of Kilis * Emirate of Şirvan (?–1840s) *

Emirate of Hakkâri The Emirate of Hakkâri () was a Kurdish emirate centered around the city of Hakkâri, and to the west of Lake Urmia on the border with Iran, which ruled a wide variety of peoples. At the height of its power, the emirate controlled parts of Tur ...

(?–1845) * Principality of Zirqan (1335–1835) * Emirate of Bahdinan (1339–1843) * Emirate of Bohtan (?–1833) * Principality of Mahmudi (1406–1839) * Principality of Pinyaşi (1548–1823)

Buffer zones between the Ottomans and Persia (13th century–19th century)

For various reasons, Kurdish entities existed as buffer zones between the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

and

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

throughout history. These include: * Khoy Khanate (1210–1799) * Emirate of Palu (1495–1845) * Emirate of Bradost (1510–1609) *

Baban Baban () was a Kurdish principality existing from the 16th century to 1850, centered around Sulaymaniyah. The Baban principality played an active role in the Ottoman-Safavid conflict and gave significant military support to the Ottomans. They were ...

(16th century–1850) * Tabriz Khanate (1757–1799) * Hasan Khan dynasty in Pish-e Kuh (1795–1820) * Sarab Khanate (18th century)

Other dynasties of Kurdish ancestry

* Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) – The dynasty was partly of Kurdish origin. *

Zand dynasty The Zand dynasty ( fa, سلسله زندیه, ') was an Iranian dynasty, founded by Karim Khan Zand (1751–1779) that initially ruled southern and central Iran in the 18th century. It later quickly came to expand to include much of the rest o ...

(1751-1794) – The dynasty is of Kurdish Lak origin.''...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin.'', Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), ''The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic'', Cambridge University Press, 1991,
p. 64.
/ref>

20th-21st century entities

* Kurdish State (1918–1919) *

Kingdom of Kurdistan The Kingdom of Kurdistan was a short-lived Kurdish state proclaimed in the city of Sulaymaniyah following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Officially, the territory involved was under the jurisdiction of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. S ...

(1921–1924 and 1925) * Kurdistansky Uyezd (1923–1929) and Kurdistan Okrug (1930) *

Republic of Ararat The Republic of Ararat, or Kurdish Republic of Ararat,Abbas Vali, ''Essays on the origins of Kurdish nationalism'', Mazda Publishers, 2003, p. 199./ref> ( ku, کۆماری ئارارات, translit=Komara Agiriyê and ku, Komara Araratê) was ...

(1927–1931) * Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947) * Republic of Laçin (1992) * Islamic Emirate of Byara (2001–2003) File:Kurdistan1920.png, Provisions of the

Treaty of Sèvres The Treaty of Sèvres (french: Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece and Italy, as well ...

for an independent Kurdistan (in 1920) File:Kingdom of kurdistan 1923.png, Kingdom of Kurdistan (1923) File:Red kurdistan 1923 1929.png, Red Kurdistan (1923–1929) File:Republic of mahabad and iranian azerbaijan 1945 1946.png, Republic of Mahabad, (1945–1946) File: Iraq kurdish areas 2003 vector.svg, Islamic Emirate of Byara (black) at their peak, controlling the entire Halabja Governorate

Current entities

Kurdistan Region Kurdistan Region ( ku, هەرێمی کوردستان, translit=Herêmî Kurdistan; ar, إقليم كردستان), abbr. KRI, is an autonomous region in Iraq comprising the four Kurdish-majority governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, Duhok ...

(autonomous region in

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and K ...

, 1970–present) * Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (self-proclaimed autonomous region declared during the Syrian Civil War by the PYD) (2012–present) File:Kurdistan 1975.png, Iraqi Kurdistan in 1975 File:Kurdistan 1998.png, Iraqi Kurdistan in 1998 File:Kurdistan 2012.png, Iraqi Kurdistan in 2012 File:Autonomous Region Kurdistan-en.png, Modern Iraqi Kurdistan File:De Facto Regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.png, Kurdish-led Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria

Gallery

File:Khurasani kurdish exclave 1835.png, Khurasani Kurdish exclave circa 1835 File:Rawadids map.png, Rawadid Dynasty

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

References

{{reflist

External links

Historical map: Kurdish states in 1835

Historical map: Kurdish political enclaves and territorial demands, 1919-98
* *

Kurds ug:كۇردلار Kurds ( ku, کورد ,Kurd, italic=yes, rtl=yes) or Kurdish people are an Iranian ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Ira ...

Kurdistan independence movement