This is a list of
Hijri years ( la, anno Hegirae or AH) with the corresponding
common era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the o ...
years where applicable. For Hijri years since 1297 AH (1879/1881 CE), the
Gregorian date of 1
Muharram
Muḥarram ( ar, ٱلْمُحَرَّم) (fully known as Muharram ul Haram) is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It is one of the four sacred months of the year when warfare is forbidden. It is held to be the second holiest month after ...
, the
first day of the year in the
Islamic calendar
The Hijri calendar ( ar, ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, translit=al-taqwīm al-hijrī), also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 ...
, is given.
The first Hijri year (AH 1) was retrospectively considered to have begun on the
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on , by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandr ...
date 15 July
622
__NOTOC__
Year 622 ( DCXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 622nd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 622nd year of the 1st millennium, ...
(known as the ‘astronomical’ or ‘Thursday’ epoch,
Julian day 1,948,439) or 16 July 622 (the ‘civil’ or ‘Friday’ epoch, Julian day 1,948,440), denoted as "1 Muharram, AH 1". Years prior to this are reckoned in English as BH ("Before the Hijra").
[.]
In principle, each Islamic month begins with sighting of the new crescent moon (after a
New Moon) at sunset. Because of this, the calendar is dependent on observational conditions and cannot be predicted or reconstructed with certainty, but
tabular calendars are in use which determine the dates algorithmically. Because of this, dates may vary by up to two days between traditions or countries.
Medieval
c. 53 BH (c. 570
CE) Birth of
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the mo ...
[
*
*
* ]
Early Muslim conquests
AH 1 (15/16 Jul 622 – 3/4 Jul 623)
: death of Muhammad;
[Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (primarily non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the invasion of Palestine. See Stephen J. Shoemaker,''The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,'' page 248, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.] Muslim conquest of the Levant (AH1218),
:
Muslim conquest of Egypt
The Muslim conquest of Egypt, led by the army of 'Amr ibn al-'As, took place between 639 and 646 AD and was overseen by the Rashidun Caliphate. It ended the seven-century-long period of Roman reign over Egypt that began in 30 BC. Byzantine ru ...
(AH1921),
,,
,
: AH 61: martyrdom of
Husayn ibn Ali ( ar, الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب),
, , ,
, , , ; ;
Islamic Golden Age
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ;
Ilkhanate
, ;
, ,
;
Early Modern
Muslim Empires
,
,
,
,
:
declaration of the Gregorian calendar
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
, 3/4 Oct 1853– 23/24 Sep 1854.
Modern
1297 AH to 1399 AH (1879 to 1978 CE)
1400 AH to 1499 AH (1979 to 2075 CE)
See also
*
Islamic calendar
The Hijri calendar ( ar, ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, translit=al-taqwīm al-hijrī), also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 ...
*
Hijri year
The Hijri year ( ar, سَنة هِجْريّة) or era ( ''at-taqwīm al-hijrī'') is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar. It begins its count from the Islamic New Year in which Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathr ...
*
Tabular Islamic calendar
The Tabular Islamic calendar ( ar, التقويم الهجري المجدول, altaqwim alhijriu almujadwal) is a rule-based variation of the Islamic calendar. It has the same numbering of years and months, but the months are determined by arith ...
*
Solar Hijri calendar
The Solar calendar ( fa, گاهشماری هجری خورشیدی, Gâhšomâri-ye Xoršidi; ps, لمريز لېږدیز کلیز, lamrez legdez kalhandara; ku, ڕۆژژمێری کۆچیی ھەتاوی, Salnameya Koçberiyê) is a solar c ...
*
Rumi calendar
The ''Rumi'' calendar ( ota, رومي تقویم, , lit. "Roman calendar"), a specific calendar based on the Julian calendar, was officially used by the Ottoman Empire after Tanzimat (1839) and by its successor, the Republic of Turkey until 192 ...
References
Citations
{{reflist, 30em
Bibliography
* Caetani, Leone, ''Chronographia Islamica, ossia riassunto cronologico della storia di tutti i popoli musulmani dall’anno 1 all’anno 922 della Higrah (622–1517 dell’Èra Volgare), corredato della bibliografia di tutte le principali fonti stampate e manoscritte'', (Paris: Librairie Paul Geuthner,
912/22 nly 5 fascicles, covering the period 1 to 132 AH (622/23 to 749/50 CE), were published
External links
* "Muharram new year", TimeandDate.com, 2012, web:
TD
* "Crescent Moon Visibility and the Islamic Calendar", U.S. Navy, usno.navy.mil, webpage:
USNO-cres
* Robert Harry van Gent
*
ttps://www.islamicfinder.org/islamic-date-converter/ Islamic Date Converter
Islamic