List of Indian agencies in Nebraska
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Several Indian agencies were established in the nineteenth century in the U.S. State of Nebraska and operated by the United States
Bureau of Indian Affairs The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior. It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to American Indians and A ...
to serve Native American tribes.


Red Cloud Agency

The United States established Fort Robinson nearby in 1874 to protect the agency, established to serve the
Oglala Lakota The Oglala (pronounced , meaning "to scatter one's own" in Lakota language) are one of the seven subtribes of the Lakota people who, along with the Dakota people, Dakota, make up the Sioux, Očhéthi Šakówiŋ (Seven Council Fires). A majority ...
Sioux. The agency was named after the chief Red Cloud.


Spotted Tail Agency

When the agency was established in 1873, the Brulé Sioux moved to this location overlooking Beaver Creek, near present-day
Hay Springs Hay Springs is a city in Sheridan County in the state of Nebraska, in the Great Plains region of the United States. The population was 570 at the 2010 census. History Hay Springs was established in 1885 when the railroad was extended to that ...
. The agency built storehouses, an issue building, a carpentry shop, a sawmill, stables, and other structures to serve the Sioux community.
Camp Sheridan Camp Sheridan may refer to: * Camp Sheridan (Alabama), a WWI-era post in Alabama * Camp Sheridan (Nebraska), a post established in northwestern Nebraska * Camp Sheridan (Wyoming) Fort Yellowstone was a U.S. Army fort, established in 1891 at Mamm ...
was established in 1874 to guard the agency, with permanent facilities built in 1875, including over thirty frame and brick structures. Following removal of the Brulé to the Rosebud Agency (later the Rosebud Indian Reservation) in South Dakota, activity declined and the US abandoned Camp Sheridan in 1880.


Missouri River Indian Agency

Located at Fontenelle's Post, a former fur trading post, the Missouri River Indian Agency was also called the Upper Missouri Agency, the Bellevue Agency, and the Council Bluffs Agency. The Upper Missouri Agency, established in 1819, had responsibility for all the Indians living in a very large area of the Northern Plains of the United States along the Missouri River. The exact boundaries of its jurisdiction were not defined. It was re-established in 1837 for the Otoe, Missouria,
Omaha Omaha ( ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County. Omaha is in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about north of the mouth of the Platte River. The nation's 39th-largest city ...
, and Pawnee, who were some of the Native American peoples previously assigned to the Upper Missouri Agency. Between 1849 and 1851, the Council Bluffs Agency was reduced to a subagency and was discontinued in 1856, after the Omaha ceded their lands by treaty and moved on to their reservation in northeast Nebraska. Its agents were John Dougherty, serving from April 13, 1837-1839; Joseph V. Hamilton, serving from June 27, 1839-1841; Daniel Miller, from October 22, 1841; Jonathan Bean, from July 25, 1845-1846; John Miller from July 22, 1846-1849; John E. Barrow, a subagent, from April 13, 1849-1851; John E. Barrow from June 30, 1851-1853; James M. Gatewood from April 18, 1853-1854; and George Hepner May 19, 1854. James Gatewood worked with a council of 60 Omaha chiefs in early 1854 to draft a treaty for their cession of most of their land in the area. The national office of the BIA did not like his version and forced many changes when a smaller Omaha delegation of seven chiefs, chosen by their people, and an interpreter, went to Washington DC for signing of the treaty in 1854.Judith A. Boughter, ''Betraying the Omaha Nation, 1790-1916''
University of Oklahoma Press, 1998, pp. 61-63

''Publications of the Nebraska State Historical Society,'' Vol. 19, edited by Albert Watkins, Nebraska State Historical Society, 1919, p. 64, at GenNet, accessed 25 August 2011
The BIA replaced Gatewood as agent.


Otoe Agency

Founded in 1856, in the Blue River Valley in southern Nebraska, this agency was responsible for the Oto, Missouria, and Pawnee of the region. In 1859, the Pawnee received their own agent. The Otoe and Missouria moved to the Kansas-Nebraska border. In 1881, the Otoe Agency moved to Red Rock in Indian Territory, when the US removed the Otoe-Missouria to that area for settlement on a reservation. Its agents included Jesse W. Griest, serving from April 1, 1873; Robert S. Gardner from June 16, 1880; and Lewellyn E. Woodin from July 21, 1880.


Santee Agency

Moved from
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in 1866, this agency was located on the
Niobrara Reservation The Niobrara Reservation is a former Indian Reservation in northeast Nebraska. It originally comprised lands for both the Santee Sioux and the Ponca, both Siouan-speaking tribes, near the mouth of the Niobrara River at its confluence with the Misso ...
in what became northeast Nebraska. It was responsible for the Santee Sioux, also formerly known as Eastern Dakota.


Winnebago and Omaha Agency/Agencies

This consolidated agency operated at varying points with varying responsibilities from 1876 to 1933. Located in
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and
Winnebago Winnebago can refer to: * The exonym of the Ho-Chunk tribe of Native North Americans with reservations in Nebraska, Iowa, and Wisconsin ** Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska, a federally recognized tribe group in the state ** The Winnebago language of the ...
, the Winnebago agency originally moved to the state in 1865.''The Journal of American Indian Family Research. Vol. I, No. 4.'' Larry S. Watson, Editor. p 13-16. The Omaha agency had been located there since 1854.


Pawnee Agency

Located at Genoa, this agency was located on the
Pawnee Reservation The Pawnee Reservation was located on the Loup River in Platte and Nance counties in mid-central Nebraska . The Kawarakis Pawnees, the ancestors of the Chaui, Kitkehahki, and Pitahawirata Bands, settled in southeastern Nebraska in approximately 9 ...
and included the
Genoa Indian Industrial School The Indian Industrial School at Genoa, Nebraska, United States was the fourth non-reservation boarding institution established by the Office of Indian Affairs. The facility was completed in 1884 and operated until 1934. Now restored, it is owned ...
. The Pawnee Agency was established in 1859 for the Pawnee. They had previously been assigned to the Otoe Agency since 1856, and to Council Bluffs Agency prior to that. It was located at Genoa, Nebraska until 1875, when it was moved to the new Pawnee Reservation in
Oklahoma Territory The Territory of Oklahoma was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 2, 1890, until November 16, 1907, when it was joined with the Indian Territory under a new constitution and admitted to the Union as th ...
after the US accomplished Pawnee removal from Nebraska.


Ponca Agency

This agency served the
Ponca The Ponca ( Páⁿka iyé: Páⁿka or Ppáⁿkka pronounced ) are a Midwestern Native American tribe of the Dhegihan branch of the Siouan language group. There are two federally recognized Ponca tribes: the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska and the Ponca ...
from 1859 to 1877 at the
Ponca Reservation The Ponca Reservation of the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska is located in northeast Nebraska, with the seat of tribal government located in Niobrara, Knox County. The Indian reservation is also the location of the historic Ponca Fort called ''Nanza''. T ...
. It moved with the majority of Ponca to the Oklahoma Territory in 1877, who were removed despite their wish to stay in Nebraska and have land assigned with the Omaha, to whom they were closely related and intermarried.


Great Nemaha Agency

"The Great Nemaha Agency became a full agency in 1851, and the
Kickapoo Kickapoo may refer to: People * Kickapoo people, a Native American nation ** Kickapoo language, spoken by that people ** Kickapoo Tribe of Kansas, a federally recognized tribe of Kickapoo people ** Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, a federally recog ...
formerly assigned to the Fort Leavenworth Agency were moved to Great Nemaha. A separate Kickapoo Agency was established in 1855 for the Kickapoo Indians and some Pottawatomi who lived with the Kickapoo. Between 1854 and 1861, the
Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska The Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska is one of two federally recognized tribes of Iowa people. The other is the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. They hold an annual Indian movie night and a powwow every September. Reservation The Iowa Reservation ...
and the Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska gave up lands except small reserves on the Kansas-Nebraska border. In 1858, a new Great Nemaha Agency headquarters was built on the Iowa Reserve, just east of Great Nemaha River and north of the Kansas-Nebraska line.""Great Nemaha Indian Agency (Kansas)"
Indian Agencies, Family Search, accessed 6 December 2011
Later activities were consolidated in Kansas.


See also

* Native American tribes in Nebraska * History of Nebraska


References


External links


Historical map
illustrating land ceded through treaties.

Native Languages
List of Indian agencies assigned to the several religious denominations
University of Wisconsin Library {{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Agencies In Nebraska Agencies Omaha (Native American) people Ho-Chunk Sioux Pawnee Ponca United States Indian agents Indian Indian agencies in Nebraska Native American-related lists