Bundesarchiv Bild 183-E1114-0201-004, Berlin, 1

Fotothek df roe-neg 0002112 003 Anton Ackermann am Rednerpult

This list contains the names of individuals involved in the

German resistance to Nazism Many individuals and groups in Germany that were opposed to the Nazi regime engaged in active resistance, including attempts to remove Adolf Hitler from power by assassination or by overthrowing his established regime. German resistance was ...

, but is not a complete list. Names are periodically added, but not all names are known. There are both men and women on this list of ''Widerstandskämpfer'' ("Resistance fighters") primarily German, some Austrian or from elsewhere, who risked or lost their lives in a number of ways. They tried to overthrow the

National Socialist Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

regime, they denounced its wars as criminal, tried to prevent

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

and sabotaged German attacks on other countries. Some tried to protect those who were being harmed and persecuted by the Nazis, others merely refused to contribute to the Nazi war effort. Most of those on the list worked with others; their affiliated resistance group or groups are listed. Where no group is mentioned, the individual acted alone.

A

* Anton Ackermann (real name: Eugen Hanisch, 25 December 1905 Thalheim, Saxony - 4 May 1973

East Berlin East Berlin was the ''de facto'' capital city of East Germany from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as West Berlin. From 13 August 1961 u ...

) was an

East German East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

politician * (1876–1951) Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP),

National Committee for a Free Germany The National Committee for a Free Germany (german: Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland, or NKFD) was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Oc ...

in Switzerland * Wolfgang Abendroth (1906–1985) KPO,

Neu Beginnen Neu Beginnen (English: " obegin anew") was an anti-fascist opposition group formed in 1929 by left-wing members of the Social Democratic Party. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Ger ...

ELAS The Greek People's Liberation Army ( el, Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός (ΕΛΑΣ), ''Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós'' (ELAS) was the military arm of the left-wing National Liberat ...

* (1894–1949) DDP *

Robert Abshagen Robert Abshagen (12 January 1911 in Hamburg – 10 July 1944) was a German Resistance fighter against National Socialism and a Communist. Biography Abshagen first worked in insurance, then as a sailor and finally, as a construction worker. He ...

(1911–1944), KPD *

Alexander Abusch Alexander Abusch (14 February 1902 27 January 1982) was a German journalist, non-fiction writer, and politician. According to one source he was born into a Jewish family in Kraków, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary. Accordin ...

(1902–1982), KPD * (1888–1943), SPD, supporter of Polish resistance group organized by

Ignaz Hulka Ignaz is a male given name, related to the name Ignatius. Notable people with this name include: * Franz Ignaz Beck (1734–1807), German musician * Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber (1644–1704), Bohemian-Austrian musician * Ignaz Brüll (1846–1907), ...

* (1918–1995),

White Rose The White Rose (german: Weiße Rose, ) was a Nonviolence, non-violent, intellectual German resistance to Nazism, resistance group in Nazi Germany which was led by five students (and one professor) at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, ...

* Edgar André (1894–1936), KPD"Männer und Frauen aus dem Hamburger Widerstand"
List of Hamburg Resistance fighters executed or who died in custody. * (1885–1960), SPD *

Agnes Asche Agnes Asche (13 December 1891 – 7 January 1966), also known as Agnes Bertram and Agnes Jünemann, was a German Socialism, socialist who resisted the Nazis. A street in Hanover is named in her honor. Biography Asche became a widow when her fir ...

(1881–1966), SPD member, arrested for distributing illegal newspapers *

Rosa Aschenbrenner Rosa Aschenbrenner (born ''Rosa Lierl'': 27 April 1885 – 9 February 1967) was a German politician (KPD / SPD). After the Second World War, she became increasingly marginalised from the political mainstream because of her opposition to rearmam ...

(1885–1967),

Rote Hilfe The Rote Hilfe ("Red Aid") was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936. Its purpose was to provide help to those Communists who had be ...

Judith Auer Judith Auer (née Vallentin) (19 September 1905 – 27 October 1944) was a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime in Germany. Early life Auer was born in Zürich. Her father was the communist writer, Erich Vallentin.Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization The Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, '' Die Innere Front'' ("The Internal Front"). In the 1940s, the Communist Party of Germ ...

* (1905–1975) SPD,

International Transport Workers' Federation The International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) is a democratic global union federation of transport workers' trade unions, founded in 1896. In 2017 the ITF had 677 member organizations in 149 countries, representing a combined membership ...

* Hermann Axen (1916–1992), KPD

B

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-32713-0001, Herbert Baum

Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1987-074-16, Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F057884-0009, Willy Brandt

Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1974-008-05, Hermann Louis Brill

* Bruno Bachler, Edelweißpiraten *

Lagi von Ballestrem So'oa'emalelagi Gräfin von Ballestrem (née Solf, 31 August 1909 – 14 September 1955) was a part of the German resistance to Nazism as a member of the Solf Circle. She was born in Vailima, Samoa, Vailima, German Samoa as the daughter of Wilhelm ...

(1909–1955), Solf Circle * (1897–1945), KPD * Karl Baier (1887–1973),

* (1881–1931), KPD *

Karl Barth Karl Barth (; ; – ) was a Swiss Calvinist theologian. Barth is best known for his commentary '' The Epistle to the Romans'', his involvement in the Confessing Church, including his authorship (except for a single phrase) of the Barmen Declar ...

(1886–1968), theologian,

Confessing Church The Confessing Church (german: link=no, Bekennende Kirche, ) was a movement within German Protestantism during Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to unify all Protestant churches into a single pro-Nazi German ...

* (1906–1944), KPD *

Bernhard Bästlein Bernhard Bästlein (; 3 December 1894 in Hamburg – 18 September 1944 in Brandenburg an der Havel) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. He was imprisoned very shortly after the Nazis seized power in 1933 and wa ...

(1894–1944),

Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group The Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist (Nazi) regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 194 ...

and

Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization The Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, '' Die Innere Front'' ("The Internal Front"). In the 1940s, the Communist Party of Germ ...

Albert Battel Albert Battel (; 21 January 1891 – 1952) was a German Army lieutenant and lawyer recognized for his resistance during World War II to the Nazi plans for the 1942 liquidation of the Przemyśl Jewish ghetto. He was posthumously recognized as ...

(1891–1952),

Wehrmacht The ''Wehrmacht'' (, ) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the ''Heer'' (army), the '' Kriegsmarine'' (navy) and the ''Luftwaffe'' (air force). The designation "''Wehrmacht''" replaced the previo ...

* Herbert Baum (1912–1942), KJVD, Herbert Baum Group *

Marianne Baum Marianne Baum (February 9, 1912 – August 18, 1942) was a German communist and anti-Nazi. She was executed after an attack on a propaganda show in Berlin. Life and death Marianne Baum was born in Saarburg in 1912 into a Jewish family. She had o ...

(1912–1942), Herbert Baum Group * (1911–1988), SPD-RK * (1905–1938), KPD * Arno Behrisch (1913–1989), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, ITF * (1896–1997),

Catholic church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

Hans Beimler (Communist) Hans Beimler (2 July 1895 – 1 December 1936) was a trade unionist, Communist Party official, deputy in the 1933 Reichstag, an outspoken opponent of the Nazis and a volunteer in the international brigades fighting for the Spanish Republic. E ...

(1895–1936), KPD *

Walter Beling Walter Beling (19 May 1899 – 31 May 1988) was a German political activist and party official (KPD) who became a resistance activist during the Hitler years. He was released from prison, possibly due to an administrative error, in 1936 and fl ...

(1899–1988),

Résistance The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régim ...

* (1895–1942), KPD * Helene Berg (1906–2006) * (b. 1914-2011), IKD, secretary of

Oskar Schindler Oskar Schindler (; 28 April 1908 – 9 October 1974) was a German industrialist, humanitarian and a member of the Nazi Party who is credited with saving the lives of 1,200 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ...

* (1913–2005) KPO * (1877–1949),

* Gustav Bermel (1927–1944),

Ehrenfeld Group The Ehrenfeld Group (german: Ehrenfelder Gruppe, ; sometimes called the Steinbrück Group, german: Steinbrück-Gruppe, ) was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944. The group, which consisted of over one hundred pe ...

Eberhard Bethge Eberhard Bethge (August 28, 1909 – March 18, 2000) was a German theologian and pastor, best known for being the close friend and biographer of the theologian and anti-Nazi Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Early life Bethge was born in Warchau, Landkr ...

(1909–2000), student of Dietrich Bonhoeffer *

Wilhelm Beuttel Friedrich Wilhelm Beuttel (10 August 1900 – 27 July 1944) was a German communist and resistance fighter against Nazism. Beuttel, a tailor, was born into a metal workers' family in Karlsruhe but grew up in Friedberg. He joined the Independ ...

(1901–1944),

* (1890–1945),

Operation Radetzky Operation or Operations may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * ''Operation'' (game), a battery-operated board game that challenges dexterity * Operation (music), a term used in musical set theory * ''Operations'' (magazine), Multi-Ma ...

Dagobert Biermann Dagobert Biermann (13 November 1904 — 22 February 1943) was a Communist Party of Germany, Communist and German resistance to Nazism, German resistance fighter against National Socialism. His son is German singer and former East Germany, East Germ ...

(1904–1943), KPD * Charlotte Bischoff (1901–1994), KPD, Red Orchestra * Peter Blachstein (1911–1977), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, SJVD, Neuer Weg Group * (1901–1943), KPD *

Willi Bleicher Willi Bleicher (; 27 October 1907 – 23 June 1981) was one of the best known and, according to at least one source, one of the most important and effective German trades union leaders of the post-war decades. In 1965 Yad Vashem recognized Will ...

(1907–1981), KPD, unionist * (1900–1965), Socialist Front * (1906–1941), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, SJVD * (1906–1942), KPD * Gustav Böhrnsen (1914-1998) SPD, unionist * Hermann Böse (1870–1943), Communist resistance * Walter Bohne (1903–1944),

* (1904–1943),

Eugen Bolz Eugen Anton Bolz (15 December 1881 – 23 January 1945) was a German politician and a member of the resistance to the Nazi régime. Life Born in Rottenburg am Neckar, Bolz was his parents' twelfth child. His father Joseph Bolz was a salesman ...

(1881–1945),

Zentrumspartei The Centre Party (german: Zentrum), officially the German Centre Party (german: link=no, Deutsche Zentrumspartei) and also known in English as the Catholic Centre Party, is a Catholic political party in History of Germany, Germany, influential i ...

Dietrich Bonhoeffer Dietrich Bonhoeffer (; 4 February 1906 – 9 April 1945) was a German Lutheran pastor, theologian and anti-Nazi dissident who was a key founding member of the Confessing Church. His writings on Christianity's role in the secular world have ...

(1906–1945),

* Klaus Bonhoeffer (1901–1945),

Erwin Bowien Erwin Johannes Bowien (3 September 1899 – 3 December 1972) was a German painter and author. Biography Bowien was a born in to a family of a construction engineer from East Prussia. His mother also came from there and was descended from a fami ...

(1899-1972), Painter and author * (1897–1968), KPD Erwin Bowien Selbstbildnis 1920

Willy Brandt Willy Brandt (; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German politician and statesman who was leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and served as the chancellor of West Ger ...

(1913–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * Otto Brass (1875–1950), Deutsche Volksfront *

Willi Bredel Willi Bredel (2 May 1901 in Hamburg – 27 October 1964 in East Berlin) was a German writer and president of the DDR Academy of Arts, Berlin. Born in Hamburg, he was a pioneer of socialist realist literature. Life and career Born in to the f ...

(1901–1964), KPD *

Rudolf Breitscheid Rudolf Breitscheid (2 November 1874 – 28 August 1944) was a German politician and leading member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) during the Weimar Republic. Once leader of the liberal Democratic Union, he joined the SPD in ...

(1874–1944), SPD *

Otto Brenner Otto Brenner (8 November 1907 – 15 April 1972) was a German trades unionist and politician. Between 1956 and 1972 he was the leader of the powerful IG Metall ''(Industrial Union of Metalworkers)''. In a tribute published in 1967 to celebrate ...

(1907–1972), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * (d. 1944), KPD * Hermann Brill (1895–1959),

, Deutsche Volksfront, Buchenwald Popular Front Committee * (1886–1944), SPD * Paul Bromme (1906–1975),

Sopade Sopade (also written SoPaDe) was the name of the exile organization of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD). It operated in Prague from 1933 to 1938, from 1938 to 1940 in Paris and until 1945 in London. History After the occupation o ...

, RSD * Arnolt Bronnen (1895–1959), Willy Fred * (1893–1944), KPD,

* (1889–1944), KPD,

* Eberhard Brünen (1906–1980), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * (1889–1964),

Heimwehr The Heimwehr (, ) or Heimatschutz (, ) was a nationalist, initially paramilitary group operating in Austria during the 1920s and 1930s that was similar in methods, organization, and ideology to the Freikorps in Germany. It was opposed to parliam ...

* Werner Bruschke (1898–1995), SPD * "Appel" (1912–1978), KPD * (1889–1940), KPO * (1908–1980),

* (1890–1938),

* (1901–1934) KPD * (1905-1945) SPD *

Ernst Busch (actor) Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Busch (22 January 1900 – 8 June 1980) was a German singer and actor. Biography Busch originated from a Kiel worker family. He started in life as a shipyard worker before he decided to make use of his acting and singi ...

(1900–1980), actor, KPD *

Wilhelm Busch (pastor) Wilhelm Busch (27 March 1897 – 20 June 1966) was a German pastor, youth evangelism, evangelist, writer and activist in the Confessing Church during the Nazi period in Germany. Life Wilhelm Busch was born in Elberfeld on 27 March 1897, a son ...

(1897–1966),

C

Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1979-013-43, Wilhelm Canaris

* (1916–1945), *

Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and the chief of the ''Abwehr'' (the German military-intelligence service) from 1935 to 1944. Canaris was initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler, and the Nazi re ...

(1887–1945), *

Emil Carlebach Emil Carlebach (10 July 1914, Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau - 9 April 2001) was a Hessian Landtag member, a writer, and a journalist. He was born and died in Frankfurt am Main. Life Emil Carlebach was descended from a family of rabbis who had practiced ...

(1914–2001), KPD * (1909–1988), KPD * (1893–1935),

* (1898–1945),

* (d. 1942), KPD * (1894–1945), KPD * (1876–1945), SPD

D

* Jakob Dautzenberg (1897–1979), KPD *

Alfred Delp Alfred Delp (, 15 September 1907 – 2 February 1945) was a German Jesuit priest and philosopher of the German Resistance. A member of the inner Kreisau Circle resistance group, he is considered a significant figure in Catholic resistance ...

(1907–1945),

* (1907–2000),

* (1892–1973), SPD *

Marlene Dietrich Marie Magdalene "Marlene" DietrichBorn as Maria Magdalena, not Marie Magdalene, according to Dietrich's biography by her daughter, Maria Riva ; however Dietrich's biography by Charlotte Chandler cites "Marie Magdalene" as her birth name . (, ; ...

(1901-1992), actress and singer * (1908–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * Willi Dickhut (1904–1992), KPD * (1904–1993), SPD * Hans von Dohnanyi (1902–1945),

* Leo Drabent (1899–1944),

* Fritz Dressel (1896–1933), KPD * (1896–1976),

Ernst Niekisch Ernst Niekisch (23 May 1889 – 23 May 1967) was a German writer and politician. Initially a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD), he later became a prominent exponent of National Bolshevism. Early life Born in Trebnitz (Silesia), and b ...

resistance movement

E

* Fritz Eberhard (1896–1982), ISK *

Erwin Eckert Erwin Eckert (born 16 July 1893, in Zaisenhausen/Baden, died 20 December 1972 in the vicinity of Mannheim) was a German Lutheran clergyman and a Social Democratic, later Communist politician. He founded the Covenant of Religious Socialists of Ge ...

(1893–1972), BRSD, KPD *

Hugo Eckener Hugo Eckener (10 August 1868 – 14 August 1954) Schwensen Thomas Adam. p. 289 ostsee.de was the manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin during the inter-war years, and also the commander of the famous '' Graf Zeppelin'' for most of its record-set ...

(1868–1954), manager of the

Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH is a German aircraft manufacturing company. It is perhaps best known for its leading role in the design and manufacture of rigid airships, commonly referred to as ''Zeppelins'' due to the company's prominence. The name ...

Hans Ehrenberg Hans Philipp Ehrenberg (; 4 June 1883 – 21 March 1958) was a German Jewish philosopher and theologian. One of the co-founders of the Confessing Church, he was forced to emigrate to England because of his Jewish ancestry and his opposition to ...

(1883–1958), Lutheran theologian, a founder of the

Willi Eichler Willi Eichler (7 January 1896 – 17 October 1971) was a German journalist and politician with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Before 1945 Eichler was born in Berlin, the son of a postal worker. He attended Volksschule and then bec ...

(1896–1971), ISK * Ernst Hampel (1919–1945), communist * Elvira Eisenschneider (1924–1944), NKFD * (1901–1944), KPD *

Georg Elser Johann Georg Elser (; 4 January 1903 – 9 April 1945) was a German worker who planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi leaders on 8 November 1939 at the Bürgerbräukeller in ...

(1903–1945), acted alone * (1907–1942), KPD *

August Enderle August Enderle (5 August 1887 – 2 November 1959) was a German socialist politician, trades unionist, journalist and author. Life Provenance and early years August Enderle was born into a cooper's/carpenter's family in Feldstetten, a smal ...

(1887–1959), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * (1893–1944), KPD * (1895–1945), KPD * Leopold Engleitner (1905–2013),

Jehovah's Witness Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a worldwide membership of approximately 8.7 million adherents involved in ...

Fritz Erler Fritz Erler (15 December 1868 – 11 December 1940) was a German painter, graphic designer and scenic designer. Although most talented as an interior designer, he is perhaps best remembered for several propaganda posters he produced during Wor ...

(1913–1967),

Anna Essinger Anna Essinger (15 September 1879 – 30 May 1960) was a German Jewish educator. At the age of 20, she went to finish her education in the United States, where she encountered Quakers and was greatly influenced by their attitudes, adopting them fo ...

(1879–1960), Landschulheim Herrlingen * Erika Etter (d. 1945), KJVD * Walter Eucken (1891-1950), economist

F

Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F048636-0022, Dortmund, SPD-Parteitag, Egon Franke

* Dora Fabian (1901–1935) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany *

Walter Fabian Walter Fabian (24 August 1902 – 15 February 1992) was a German socialist politician, journalist and translator. During the Nazi years he became a resistance activist and political exile. Life Early years Walter Max Fabian was born in ...

(1902–1995) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * Marianne Feldhammer (1909–1996), * (1913–1945) KPD * Hermann Fischer (1912–1984),

and Brümmer Kleine resistance group *

Mildred Fish-Harnack Mildred Elizabeth Harnack ( Fish; September 16, 1902 – February 16, 1943) was an American literary historian, translator, and member of the German resistance against the Nazi regime. After marrying Arvid Harnack, she moved to Germany in 1929, ...

(1902-1943), Red Orchestra * Herbert Frahm see Willy Brandt *

Egon Franke (politician) Egon Franke (11 April 1913 – 26 April 1995) was a German politician and a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). He served as Federal Minister for Intra-German Relations from 1969 to 1982 and, for the short period between the breakup of ...

(1913–1995), SPD *

David Frankfurter David Frankfurter (9 July 1909 – 19 July 1982) was a Croatian Jew known for assassinating Wilhelm Gustloff, the Swiss branch leader of the Nazi Party, in February 1936 in Davos, Switzerland. He surrendered and confessed, and was sentenced to ...

(1909–1982), acted alone * (1909–1943),

* Georg Fritze (1874–1939), BRSD *

August Froehlich August Froehlich (26 January 1891 – 22 June 1942) was an Upper Silesian Roman Catholic priest. In his pastoral activity he opposed National Socialism. He campaigned in the name of German Catholics and of Polish forced labourers. He died in Dacha ...

(1891–1942), Catholic church *

Paul Frölich Paul Frölich (7 August 1884 – 16 March 1953) was a German journalist and left-wing political activist and author, a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany and founder of the party's paper, ''Die Rote Fahne.'' A Communist Party deputy ...

(1884–1953), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * Emil Fuchs (1874–1971), BRSD * (1894–1933), KPD * Max Fürst (1905–1978), author * (1894–1965), SPD

G

Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F007686-0002, Bonn, Ordensverleihung an Dr

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-19204-3150, Otto Grotewohl

* Johann Gahr (1880–1939), acted alone * Albrecht Gaiswinkler (1905–1979),

Special Operations Executive The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a secret British World War II organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton, from the amalgamation of three existing secret organisations. Its p ...

spy *

Clemens August Graf von Galen Clemens Augustinus Emmanuel Joseph Pius Anthonius Hubertus Marie Graf von Galen (16 March 1878 – 22 March 1946), better known as ''Clemens August Graf von Galen'', was a German count, Bishop of Münster, and cardinal of the Catholic Church ...

(1878–1946),

* Willi Gall (1908–1941), KPD *

Jakob Gapp Jakob Gapp (26 July 1897 – 13 August 1943) was an Austrian people, Austrian Roman Catholic Church, Roman Catholic priest and a professed member from the Marianists. Gapp first served as a soldier on the Italian front during World War I at a poi ...

(1897–1943),

Martin Gauger Martin Gauger (August 4, 1905 Elberfeld – July 14, 1941 Pirna) was a German jurist and pacifist from Wuppertal, Rhenish Prussia. He was a member of the Kreisau Circle which sought to overthrow the Nazi regime in Germany during the Second Wor ...

(1905–1941),

Kreisau Circle The Kreisau Circle (German: ''Kreisauer Kreis'', ) (1940–1944) was a group of about twenty-five German dissidents in Nazi Germany led by Helmuth James von Moltke, who met at his estate in the rural town of Kreisau, Silesia. The circle was com ...

* Lisa Gavric (1907–1974),

* Herta Geffke (1893–1973),

* (1905–2002), ISK,

* (1896–1933), KPD * Fritz Gerlich (1883–1934), journalist *

Kurt Gerstein Kurt Gerstein (11 August 1905 – 25 July 1945) was a German SS officer and head of technical disinfection services of the ''Hygiene-Institut der Waffen-SS'' (Institute for Hygiene of the Waffen-SS). After witnessing mass murders in the Belzec a ...

(1905–1945),

Waffen-SS The (, "Armed SS") was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts, volunteers and conscripts from both occup ...

Gerstein Report The Gerstein Report was written in 1945 by Kurt Gerstein, ''Obersturmführer'' of the ''Waffen-SS'', who served as Head of Technical Disinfection Services of the SS in World War II and in that capacity supplied the hydrogen cyanide-based pesticide ...

author *

Eugen Gerstenmaier Eugen Karl Albrecht Gerstenmaier (25 August 1906 – 13 March 1986, in Oberwinter) was a German Evangelical theologian, resistance fighter in the Third Reich, and a CDU politician. From 1954 to 1969, he served as President of the Bundestag. With ...

(1906–1986),

Johann Geusendam Johann Geusendam (24 February 1886 – 6 April 1945) was a Dutchman who moved with his fiancée to Bremen in 1905 in order to improve his job. Bremen was a geographically small but industrially, commercially and economically dynamic "autonomou ...

(1866–1945),

* (1916–2001), KPD *

Peter Gingold Peter Gingold (8 March 1916 – 29 October 2006) was a figure in the German Resistance and the National Committee for a Free Germany. He was born in a Jewish family in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria. He was a member of the Communist Party of Germany ( ...

(1916–2006), KPD * (1905–2002), Willy-Fred * Helene Glatzer (1902–1935), KPD * (1905–1973), SPD * (1892–1944), KPD * (1895–1964) SPD * Albert Goldenstedt (1912-1994), KPD, Rote Hilfe *

Carl Friedrich Goerdeler Carl Friedrich Goerdeler (; 31 July 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a monarchist conservative German politician, executive, economist, civil servant and opponent of the Nazi regime. He opposed some anti-Jewish policies while he held office and was ...

(1884-1945), DVNP, Mayor of Leipzig * (1895–1933), KPD * (1908–1976), KPD * Kurt Julius Goldstein (1914–2007), KPD *

Albert Göring Albert Günther Göring (9 March 1895 – 20 December 1966) was a German engineer, businessman, and the younger brother of Hermann Göring (the head of the German '' Luftwaffe'' and a leading member of the Nazi Party). In contrast to his br ...

(1895–1966), businessman and younger brother of

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

leader Hermann * (1897–1949),

AfA-Bund The General Federation of Free Employees (german: Allgemeiner freier Angestelltenbund, AfA-Bund) was an amalgamation of various socialist-oriented trade unions of technical and administrative employees in the Weimar Republic The Weimar Rep ...

Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany The Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany (''Bund der Religiösen Sozialistinnen und Sozialisten Deutschlands'', BRSD) is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society. It was founded in 1926 and was banned du ...

* Herta Gotthelf (1902–1963), SPD * Hugo Gräf (1892–1958),

* Willi Graf (1918–1943),

* (1921–2008),

spy * (1907–1990),

* Karl Grönsfelder (1882–1964), KPD * (1896–1944), SPD * Anneliese Groscurth (1910–1996), European Union (resistance group) * Georg Groscurth (1904–1944), European Union (resistance group) *

Helmuth Groscurth Helmuth Groscurth (16 December 1898 – 7 April 1943) was a German staff and ''Abwehr'' officer in the Wehrmacht and a member of the German resistance. As an intelligence officer he was an early proponent of the Brandenburgers, commanded unconve ...

(1898-1943) Wehrmacht and ''

Abwehr The ''Abwehr'' ( German for ''resistance'' or ''defence'', but the word usually means ''counterintelligence'' in a military context; ) was the German military-intelligence service for the ''Reichswehr'' and the '' Wehrmacht'' from 1920 to 1944. ...

'' officer * (1905–1942), KPD *

Otto Grotewohl Otto Emil Franz Grotewohl (; 11 March 1894 – 21 September 1964) was a German politician who served as the first prime minister of the German Democratic Republic (GDR/East Germany) from its foundation in October 1949 until his death in Septembe ...

(1894–1964), SPD * (1912–1945), KPD, London "Free Germans" of the OSS (precursor to the CIA) * (1921–1942), Rote Pfadfinder * Gustav Gundelach (1888–1962), KPD * (1925–1944), KPD

H

Gedenktafel Amsterdamer Str 10 (Wedd) Elise und Otto Hampel

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R0518-182, Erich Honecker

Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F014934-0005, Alois Hundhammer

* Georg Häfner (1900–1942),

* Kurt Hälker (1922–2010),

* (1903–1987), KPD * Elise Hampel (1903–1943), acted alone with husband Otto * Ernst Hampel (1919–1945), part of the Etter-Rose-Hampel group * Otto Hampel, (1897–1943), acted alone with wife Elise *

Arvid Harnack Arvid Harnack (; 24 May 1901 in Darmstadt – 22 December 1942 in Berlin) was a German jurist, Marxist economist, Communist, and German resistance fighter in Nazi Germany. Harnack came from an intellectual family and was originally a humanist. H ...

(1901–1942), Rote Kapelle ( Red Orchestra) * Werner Hansen (1905–1972), ISK * (1892–1944), KPD *

Ulrich von Hassell Christian August Ulrich von Hassell (12 November 1881 – 8 September 1944) was a German diplomat during World War II. A member of the German Resistance against German dictator Adolf Hitler, Hassell unsuccessfully proposed to the Briti ...

(1881-1944),

20 July plot On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia, now Kętrzyn, in present-day Poland. The ...

* Elli Hatschek (1901–1944) European Union (resistance group) *

Paul Hatschek Paul Hatschek (11 March 1888 – 15 May 1944) was a Czech engineer of optics, optical and film technology and a member of the German resistance to Nazism, German Resistance against Nazism during the Third Reich. He was involved with Robert Uhrig and ...

(1888–1944) European Union (resistance group) *

Theodor Haubach Theodor Haubach (15 September 1896 in Frankfurt am Main – 23 January 1945 in Berlin) was a German journalist, SPD politician, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. Theodor Haubach spent his childhood and youth in Darmstadt. In 1914 ...

(1896–1945), SPD * (1912–1951),

* (1900–1973), KPO * (1881–1952),

* (1899–1967), * Rudolf-Ernst Heiland (1910–1965), IKD *

Ernst Heilmann Ernst Heilmann (13 April 1881 – 3 April 1940) was a German jurist and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. Born in Berlin, then in Prussia, Heilmann attended the University of Berlin and majored in legal studies, law and poli ...

(1881–1940), SPD * (1890–1946), SPD, Reichsbanner * (1910–1944), KPD, Robert Uhrig Group * (1903–1942),

* (1910–1942), IKD * Georg Henke (1908–1986), KPD * Albert Hensel (1895–1942), KPD * Liselotte Herrmann (1909–1938), KPD * (1903–1943) * (b. 1906),

Heinz Heydrich Heinz Siegfried Heydrich (29 September 1905 – 19 November 1944) was the son of Richard Bruno Heydrich and the younger brother of '' SS-Obergruppenführer'' Reinhard Heydrich. After the death of his brother in June 1942, Heinz Heydrich helped Jews ...

(1905–1944), younger brother of

Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich ( ; ; 7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust. He was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (inclu ...

("The Butcher of Prague") *

Friedrich Hielscher Friedrich Hielscher (31 May 19026 March 1990) was a German intellectual involved in the Conservative Revolutionary movement during the Weimar Republic and in the German resistance during the Nazi era. He was the founder of an esoteric or Neopagan m ...

(1902–1990), Konservative Revolution * Rainer Hildebrandt (1914–2004), Haushofer-Kreis * Else Himmelheber (1905–1944), resistance group in Schlotterbeck aus Luginsland * (1900–1990), Trotzkyist * Else Hirsch (1889–1942 or 1943), schoolteacher, organized 10 children's transports out of Germany * (1889–1937), SPD * Walter Hochmuth (1904–1979), KPD * (1880–1945), SPD * (1902–1945),

Erich Honecker Erich Ernst Paul Honecker (; 25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994) was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. He held the posts ...

(1912–1994), KPD * (d. 1944), KPD *

Wilm Hosenfeld Wilhelm Adalbert Hosenfeld (; 2 May 1895 – 13 August 1952), originally a school teacher, was a German Army officer who by the end of the Second World War had risen to the rank of ''Hauptmann'' (Captain). He helped to hide or rescue several Poli ...

(1895-1952), Nazi Captain who hid and rescued many Polish people, including

Władysław Szpilman Władysław Szpilman (; 5 December 1911 – 6 July 2000) was a Polish pianist and classical composer of Jewish descent. Szpilman is widely known as the central figure in the 2002 Roman Polanski film '' The Pianist'', which was based on Szpilma ...

* Kurt Huber (1893–1943),

Helmuth Hübener Helmuth Günther Guddat Hübener (8 January 1925 – 27 October 1942) was a German youth who was executed at age 17 by beheading for his opposition to the Nazi regime. He was the youngest person of the German resistance to Nazism to be sent ...

(1925–1942), Hamburg

Vierergruppe (German Resistance) A ''Vierergruppe'' ("group of four") was a small German resistance group that fought the National Socialists. There were three "groups of four" working simultaneously and independently of each other in Hamburg, Munich and Vienna. Each of the gr ...

* (1921–2002) *

Alois Hundhammer Alois Hundhammer (25 February 1900, Moos – 1 August 1974, Munich) was one of the most prominent politicians in Bavaria after World War II. Early life Alois Hundhammer, the first of thirteen children, was born to Alois and Maria (Grill) Hundha ...

(1900–1974), at the time, the youngest member of the Bavarian

Landtag A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non ...

* Peter Hüppeler (1913–1944),

I

Karl Ibach Karl Ibach (April 3, 1915 – May 3, 1990) was a German member of the resistance against the Third Reich and later, a writer and politician. Biographical details Ibach was born in Elberfeld, today part of Wuppertal, Germany. At the age of 16, ...

(1915–1990), KPD * (1906–1988), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * (1904–1983), SPD, party chairman of

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...

J

Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L0319-0010, Neubrandenburg, Jugendweihe, Hans Jendretzky

* Franz Jacob (1906–1944), KPD,

* Katharina Jacob (1907–1989), KPD,

* (1885–1935), elected legislator from Prussia SPD * Rudolf Jacobs (1914–1944), (in

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...

, naval officer, partisan in Italy with "Ugo Muccini" Garibaldi brigade) * Hildegard Jadamowitz (1916–1942), KPD, Herbert Baum Group *

Franz Jägerstätter Franz Jägerstätter, O.F.S. (also spelled Jaegerstaetter in English; born Franz Huber, 20 May 1907 – 9 August 1943) was an Austrian conscientious objector during World War II. Jägerstätter was sentenced to death and executed for his refus ...

(1907–1943), Austrian

conscientious objector A conscientious objector (often shortened to conchie) is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion. The term has also been extended to objec ...

* Frieda (Friedel) and Rudolf Jahn (d. 1951),

Hans Jahn Johannes Jahn (29 August 1885 – 10 July 1960) was a German trade unionist, politician and anti-Nazi activist. Jahn became a smelter, and then in 1909 began working for a trade union. By 1930, he was serving on the national executive of th ...

(1885–1960),

* (1897–1964),

Hans Jendretzky Gustav Ernst Hans Jendretzky (20 July 1897 – 2 July 1992) was a German Communist politician. He was a prominent politician of the Socialist Unity Party (SED) in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). He became a member of the Ind ...

(1897–1992), KPD * Marianne Joachim (1921–1943), Herbert Baum Group * (1900–1999), KPD * (1908–1944), KPD *

Franz Jung Franz Josef Johannes Konrad Jung (26 November 1888, Neisse, Upper Silesia – 21 January 1963, Stuttgart) was a writer, economist and political activist in Germany. He also wrote under the names Franz Larsz and Frank Ryberg. He grew up in Neisse ...

(1888–1963),

KAPD The Communist Workers' Party of Germany (german: Kommunistische Arbeiter-Partei Deutschlands; KAPD) was an anti-parliamentarian and left communist party that was active in Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic. It was founded in April ...

and Rote Kämpfer * (1903–1945), KPD * (1902–1975), IKD

K

Otto Kahn-Freund Sir Otto Kahn-Freund QC (17 November 1900 – 16 August 1979) was a scholar of labour law and comparative law. He was a professor at the London School of Economics and the University of Oxford. Biography Kahn-Freund was born in Frankfurt am M ...

(1900–1979) Jurist *

Jakob Kaiser Jakob Kaiser (8 February 1888 – 7 May 1961) was a German politician and resistance leader during World War II. Jakob Kaiser was born in Hammelburg, Lower Franconia, Kingdom of Bavaria. Following in his father's footsteps, Kaiser began a career ...

(1888–1961)

* (1913–2006), ISK * Heinz Kapelle (1913–1941), KPD * (1907–1967), ISK and Independent Socialist Union *

Friedrich Kellner August Friedrich Kellner (1 February 1885 – 4 November 1970) was a German mid-level official and diarist who worked as a justice inspector in Laubach from 1933 to 1945. Kellner was an infantryman in a Hessian regiment during the First ...

(1885–1970), SPD *

Kilian Kirchhoff Padre Kilian Kirchhoff OFM (given name: Josef Kirchhoff; born 18 December 1892 in Rönkhausen; executed 24 April 1944 in Brandenburg-Görden Prison) was a Catholic priest, translator and dissident. He was executed by the Third Reich for critica ...

(1892–1944), Catholic church *

Johanna Kirchner Johanna "Hanna" Kirchner (née Johanna Stunz; 24 April 1889 – 9 June 1944) was a German opponent of the Nazi régime. Johanna Stunz came from a social-democratic family from Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau. Her grandfather was one of Frankfurt's fi ...

(1884–1944), SPD,

* Ernst Kirchweger (1898–1965),

KPÖ The Communist Party of Austria (german: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs, KPÖ) is a communist party in Austria. Established in 1918 as the Communist Party of German-Austria (KPDÖ), it is one of the world's oldest communist parties. The KPÖ ...

* Heinz Kiwitz (1910–1938), ASSO * Michael Kitzelmann (1916-1942), Lieutenant in the Wehrmacht *

Erich Klausener Erich Klausener (25 January 1885 – 30 June 1934) was a German Catholic politician and Catholic martyr in the "Night of the Long Knives", a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from 30 June to 2 July 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a ser ...

(1885–1934),

, Catholic church * (1883–1944), KPD * Walter Klingenbeck (1924–1943), Munich

* (1891–1944),

Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold The (, ''"Black, Red, ndGold Banner of the Reich"'') was an organization in Germany during the Weimar Republic, formed by members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), the German Centre Party, and the (liberal) German Democratic P ...

and Protestant teenagers' group * Rudolf Klug (d. 1944), KPD * Wilhelm Knöchel (1899–1944), KPD * (1906–1971), SPD,

* (1893–1944), KPD * (1924–2016), Edelweißpiraten *

Hans Koch Hans Koch (16 August 1893 – 24 April 1945) was a German lawyer, a member of the Confessional Church and a member of the German resistance against Nazism. Koch was born in Bartenstein, East Prussia (modern Bartoszyce, Poland), he graduate ...

(1893–1945), Jurist,

* Werner Koch (pastor) (1910-1994), Pastor,

, brother of

* (1909–2002), ISK * Bernard Koenen (1889–1964),

and

* (1915–1988),

* Olga Körner (1887–1969), KPD *

Fritz Kolbe Fritz Kolbe (25 September 1900 – 16 February 1971) was a German diplomat who became a spy against the Nazis in World War II. Early life Kolbe was born on 25 September 1900 in Berlin to middle-class parents. His father was a saddle maker. Th ...

(1900–1971), acted alone * (1889–1964),

* (1901–1943), KPD * Walter Kraemer (1892–1941), KPD * (1916-1944), Austrian Catholic, supported French Resistance (acting alone) * Heinrich Kratina (1906–1944),

Wilhelm Kratz The Ehrenfeld Group (german: Ehrenfelder Gruppe, ; sometimes called the Steinbrück Group, german: Steinbrück-Gruppe, ) was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944. The group, which consisted of over one hundred pe ...

(1902–1944),

* (1887–1950) * Johann Krausen (1887–1944),

* Willi Kreikemeyer (1894–1950), KPD * (1917–2004),

Lothar Kreyssig Lothar Kreyssig (; 30 October 1898 – 6 July 1986) was a German judge during the Weimar and Nazi era. He was the only German judge who attempted to stop the Action T4 euthanasia program, an intervention that cost him his job. After the Second Wor ...

(1898–1986), Jurist (only judge to intervene in

Aktion T4 (German, ) was a campaign of mass murder by involuntary euthanasia in Nazi Germany. The term was first used in post- war trials against doctors who had been involved in the killings. The name T4 is an abbreviation of 4, a street address o ...

euthanasia operation),

* (1907–1937), KPD * Maria Krüger (1907–1987),

* Alfred Kubel (1909–1999), ISK *

Adam Kuckhoff Adam Kuckhoff (, 30 August 1887 – 5 August 1943) was a German writer, journalist, and German resistance member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo. Life Adam Kuckhoff published a popula ...

(1887–1943), Red Orchestra * Greta Kuckhoff (1902–1981), Red Orchestra * Heinz Kühn (1912–1992), SPD * Otto Kühne (1893–1955), KPD und

* (1901–1943), KPD * Albert Kuntz (1896–1945), KPD * (1895–1944), KPD * (1887–1942), RSD

L

* Max Lackmann (1910–2000),

Evangelical Church in Germany The Evangelical Church in Germany (german: Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland, abbreviated EKD) is a federation of twenty Lutheran, Reformed (Calvinist) and United (e.g. Prussian Union) Protestant regional churches and denominations in German ...

* (1909–1944) KPD *

Erwin von Lahousen Generalmajor Erwin Heinrich René Lahousen, Edler von Vivremont (25 October 1897 – 24 February 1955) was a high-ranking Abwehr official during the Second World War, as well as a member of the German Resistance and a key player in attempts to a ...

(1897–1955) military resistance * Fritz Lange (1898–1981),

Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany The Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (german: Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, USPD) was a short-lived political party in Germany during the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. The organization was establish ...

, KPD, Rotfrontkämpferbund * Paul Langen (1893–1945) * Käthe Latzke (d. 1945), KPD *

Julius Leber Julius Leber (16 November 1891 – 5 January 1945) was a German politician of the SPD and a member of the German resistance against the Nazi régime. Early life Leber was born in Biesheim, Alsace, out of wedlock, to Katharina Schubetzer and la ...

(1891–1945), SPD * (1908–1945), SPD * (1906–1943), IKD *

Hans Conrad Leipelt Hans Conrad Leipelt (18 July 1921 – 29 January 1945) was an Austrian member of the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany. Background Leipelt was born in Vienna. His father, Konrad Leipelt, was a graduate in civil engineering, while his m ...

(1921-1945),

* Josef Lenzel (1890–1942), Catholic church *

Theodor Lessing Karl Theodor Richard Lessing (8 February 1872, Hanover – 31 August 1933, Marienbad) was a German Jewish philosopher. He is known for opposing the rise of Hindenburg as president of the Weimar Republic and for his classic on Jewish self-hatr ...

(1872–1933), acted alone * (1910–1965), KPD *

Wilhelm Leuschner Wilhelm Leuschner (15 June 1890, in Bayreuth, Bavaria – 29 September 1944, in Berlin-Plötzensee) was a trade unionist and Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social Democratic politician. An early opponent of Nazism, he organized underground ...

(1890–1944), SPD *

Bernhard Lichtenberg Bernhard Lichtenberg (; 3 December 1875 – 5 November 1943) was a German Catholic priest who became known for repeatedly speaking out, after the rise of Adolf Hitler and during the Holocaust, against the persecution and deportation of the Je ...

(1875–1943), Catholic church *

Hermann Lichtenegger Hermann Lichtenegger (born September 14, 1900 in Knittelfeld, Styria, † March 11, 1984 in Vienna) was an Austrian socialist trade unionist, KPÖ politician, and an Under-Secretary of State for Industry, Commerce, Trade, and Traffic in the post-war ...

(1900–1984), KPÖ politician *

Simone Arnold Liebster Simone Maria (Arnold) Liebster (born 17 August 1930) was a French victim of Nazi persecution during World War II as a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Simone was also notable as the author of a book called ''Facing the lion—memoirs of a young gir ...

(1930), Jehovah's Witness * (1900–1967) * Max Liedtke (1894–1955)

major. *

Rosa Lindemann Rosa Lindemann (née Liesegang, 21 February 1876 – 13 June 1958) was a German communist and member of the German resistance to Nazism. She was born in Spandau, her family moved to Moabit when she was a child. She married Karl Lindemann in 1895, ...

(1876–1958), KPD, Rote Hilfe in Berlin-Moabit *

Herta Lindner Herta Lindner (3 November 1920 – 29 March 1943) was a member of the German resistance against Nazism in occupied Czechoslovakia. She was born in 1920 into a German-speaking family in Mariaschein, Czechoslovakia (now Bohosudov, Czech Republ ...

(1920–1943), KJVD * (1907–1981), ISK * (1909–1994),

and

Hans Litten Hans Achim Litten (19 June 1903 – 5 February 1938) was a German lawyer who represented opponents of the Nazis at important political trials between 1929 and 1932, defending the rights of workers during the Weimar Republic. During one trial in ...

(1903–1938) *

Paul Löbe Paul Gustav Emil Löbe (14 December 1875 – 3 August 1967) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), a member and president of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic, and member of the Bundestag of West Germany. He ...

(1875–1967), SPD * Max Loeper (Executed 1941), mentioned in 2002 book ''Shades of Gray'' by Arthur O. Naujoks Jr. and Michael S. Eldredge, pages 43, 44, 144. * (1896–1977),

* Roland Lorent (1920–1944),

* (1895–1961), SPD * (1898–1984) * (1906–1943 missing), KPD

M

* Johann Maier (1906–1945) preacher,

Regensburger Dom Regensburg Cathedral (german: Dom St. Peter or Regensburger Dom), also known as St. Peter's Cathedral, is an example of important Gothic architecture within the German state of Bavaria. It is a landmark for the city of Regensburg, Germany, and th ...

Heinrich Maier Heinrich Maier (; 16 February 1908 – 22 March 1945) was an Austrian Roman Catholic priest, pedagogue, philosopher and a member of the Austrian resistance, who was executed as the last victim of Hitler's régime in Vienna. The resistance gr ...

(1908–1945), theologian *

Adolf Maislinger Adolf Maislinger (December 9, 1903, Munich – April 26, 1985, Munich) was a member of the German resistance to Nazism, German Resistance and was a survivor of Dachau concentration camp. Early years Maislinger came from a Social Democratic Part ...

(1903–1985), KPD * Maria von Maltzan (1909–1997), Solf Circle * Maria Restituta (née Helene Kafka) (1894–1943)

Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

Hilde Meisel Hilde Meisel (31 July 1914 – 17 April 1945) was a Jewish German socialist and journalist who published articles against the Nazi regime in Germany. While in exile in England, she wrote under the pseudonym Hilda Monte, calling for German resis ...

(Hilda Monte) (1914–1945), ISK * (1909–2007), KPD,

* August Merges (1870–1945), * (1896–1945), *

Max Josef Metzger Max Josef Metzger (3 February 1887 – 17 April 1944) was a Catholic priest and leading German pacifist who was executed by the Nazis during World War II.Catholic church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...

* Herbert Michaelis (1898–1939), lawyer, KPD, Michaelis Group *

Carlo Mierendorff Carlo Mierendorff (24 March 1897 – 4 December 1943) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) during the Weimar Republic. An intellectual activist and regional politician in the People's State of Hesse, he played a major rol ...

(1897–1943), SPD * (1883–1964), KPD,

Helmuth James Graf von Moltke Helmuth James Graf von Moltke (11 March 1907 – 23 January 1945) was a German jurist who, as a draftee in the German Abwehr, acted to subvert German human-rights abuses of people in territories occupied by Germany during World War II. He w ...

(1907–1945), founding member,

* Mentona Moser (1874–1971),

Erich Mühsam Erich Mühsam (6 April 1878 – 10 July 1934) was a German-Jewish antimilitarist anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic, for which h ...

(1878–1934) *

Josef Müller (CSU politician) Josef Müller (27 March 1898 – 12 September 1979), also known as "Ochsensepp" (“Joe Ox”), was a German politician. He was a member of the resistance during World War II and afterwards one of the founders of the Christian Social Union (CSU) ...

(1898–1979),

Bavarian People's Party The Bavarian People's Party (german: Bayerische Volkspartei; BVP) was the Bavarian branch of the Centre Party, a lay Roman Catholic party, which broke off from the rest of the party in 1918 to pursue a more conservative and more Bavarian parti ...

, Catholic resistance *

Oskar Müller Oskar Müller (25 June 1896 – 14 January 1970) was a German politician who was the first employment minister in Hesse after World War II. Early career Müller was born in Wohlau in Prussian Silesia as the son of a farmer. He fought in World ...

(1896–1970), KPD

N

Harry Naujoks Harry Naujoks (18 September 1901 – 20 October 1983) was a German anti-fascist and communist and survivor of Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Biography Naujoks was born in Harburg on the Elbe (today part of Hamburg). He learned the trade of b ...

(1901–1983), KPD *

Theodor Neubauer Dr. Theodor Neubauer (12 December 1890, Ermschwerd – 5 February 1945, Brandenburg an der Havel) was a German communist politician, educator, essayist, historian and anti-Nazi resistance fighter. Biography Early life Neubauer was born in th ...

(1890–1945), KPD * (1891–1943),

* , SPD *

(1889–1967), publisher of ''Widerstand, Magazine for national revolutionary Politics'' * Katja Niederkirchner (1909–1944), KPD *

Martin Niemöller Friedrich Gustav Emil Martin Niemöller (; 14 January 18926 March 1984) was a German theologian and Lutheran pastor. He is best known for his opposition to the Nazi regime during the late 1930s and for his widely quoted 1946 poem " First they ca ...

(1892–1984),

* Karl Nolan (1891–1937),

, KPD, father of Fritz and Anna Pröll (see P), one of the first Augsburg Nazi murder victims in

Dachau concentration camp , , commandant = List of commandants , known for = , location = Upper Bavaria, Southern Germany , built by = Germany , operated by = ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) , original use = Political prison , construction ...

* (1892–1953), SPD * (1912–2003) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany

O

* (1912–2003), Aktion Rheinland * (1890–1982), KPD * Rudolf Opitz (1908–1939), KPD * (1900–1978) *

Carl von Ossietzky Carl von Ossietzky (; 3 October 1889 – 4 May 1938) was a German journalist and pacifist. He was the recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in exposing the clandestine German re-armament. As editor-in-chief of the magazine ''Die ...

(1889–1938) *

Hans Oster Hans Paul Oster (9 August 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a general in the ''Wehrmacht'' and a leading figure of the anti-Nazi German resistance from 1938 to 1943. As deputy head of the counter-espionage bureau in the ''Abwehr'' (German military inte ...

(1887–1945)

P

* (1892–1935) * Resi Pesendorfer (1902–1989) Willy Fred * Toni Pfülf (1877–1933), member of the SPD * (1886–1965),

* (1928–2001), Edelweißpiraten * (1906–1974),

* (1920–1969), Westerweel Group * (1899–1933), KPD * (d. 1944), SS-

Obersturmbannführer __NOTOC__ ''Obersturmbannführer'' (Senior Assault-unit Leader; ; short: ''Ostubaf'') was a paramilitary rank in the German Nazi Party (NSDAP) which was used by the SA ('' Sturmabteilung'') and the SS (''Schutzstaffel''). The rank of ''Oberstu ...

with contact with

Karl Plagge Karl Plagge (; 10 July 1897 – 19 June 1957) was a German Army officer who rescued Jews during the Holocaust in Lithuania by issuing work permits to non-essential workers. A partially disabled veteran of World War I, Plagge studied engi ...

(1897–1957),

officer, acted alone * (1906–1973),

Communist Party Opposition The Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) (german: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Opposition)), generally abbreviated as KPO or KPD(O), was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence un ...

* Sepp Plieseis (1913–1966),

, Willy Fred * (d, 1943), KPD *

Harald Poelchau Harald Poelchau (5 October 1903 in Potsdam; 29 April 1972 in West Berlin) was a German prison chaplain, Religious socialism, religious socialist and member of the resistance against the Nazis. Poelchau grew up in Silesia. During the early 1920's ...

(1903–1972), Onkel Emil Group,

, BRSD * Ottilie Pohl (1867–1943), USPD, Rote Hilfe in Berlin-Moabit *

Johannes Popitz Johannes Popitz (2 December 1884 – 2 February 1945) was a Prussian finance minister and a member of the German Resistance against the government of Nazi Germany. He was the father of Heinrich Popitz, an important German sociologist. Life ...

(1884–1945), * Hedwig Porschütz (1900–1977), Righteous among the Nations * (1907–1945), KPD * (1900–1971), KPD * Bernard Povel (called Ben Povel) (1897–1952), Catholic textile manufacturer,

Olga Benario-Prestes Olga may refer to: People and fictional characters * Olga (name), a given name, including a list of people and fictional characters named Olga or Olha * Michael Algar (born 1962), English singer also known as "Olga" Places Russia * Olga, Russia ...

(1908–1942), KPD *

Konrad von Preysing Johann Konrad Maria Augustin Felix, Graf von Preysing Lichtenegg-Moos (30 August 1880 – 21 December 1950) was a German prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Considered a significant figure in Catholic resistance to Nazism, he served as B ...

(1880–1950),

Christoph Probst Christoph Ananda Probst (6 November 1919 – 22 February 1943) was a German student of medicine and member of the White Rose (''Weiße Rose'') resistance group. Early life Probst was born in Murnau am Staffelsee. His father, Hermann Probs ...

(1919–1943),

* Fritz Pröll (1915–1944),

* (1896–1945),

R

* (1899–1971), KPD * Siegfried Rädel (1893–1943), KPD *

Adolf Reichwein Adolf Reichwein (3 October 1898 – 20 October 1944) was a German educator, economist, and cultural policymaker for the SPD, who resisted the policies of Nazi Germany. Biography Reichwein was born in Bad Ems. He took part in the First World W ...

1898–1944, SPD * Franz Reinisch (1903–1942), Catholic church * (1907–1944),

* (1910-1958),

* (1898–1944), European Union (resistance group) * Franz Rheinberger (1927–1944),

Albert Richter Albert Richter (14 October 1912 – 2 January 1940) was a German cycle sport, cyclist who won the world Sprint (cycling), sprint championship. He was taken from a train by the Gestapo and never seen alive again. Background Albert Richter, k ...

(1912-1940), track cyclist * (1911–1970), Catholic church * (1908–1944), Robert Uhrig Group * (1886–1951), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * (1897–1981), DDP Robinsohn-Strassmann Group * (1915–2008), CVJM *

Beppo Römer Josef "Beppo" Römer (; 17 November 1892 – 25 September 1944) was a member of the Freikorps Oberland, one of the paramilitary organizations that sprang up around Germany as soldiers returned in defeat from World War I. He was later an o ...

(1892–1944), KPD *

Erwin Rommel Johannes Erwin Eugen Rommel () (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) was a German field marshal during World War II. Popularly known as the Desert Fox (, ), he served in the ''Wehrmacht'' (armed forces) of Nazi Germany, as well as servi ...

(1891-1944),Wehrmacht *

Augustin Rösch Augustin Rösch (11 May 1893 – 7 November 1961) was a German Jesuit, Provincial, and significant figure in Catholic resistance to Nazism. Active in the Kreisau Circle German Resistance group, he was arrested in connection with the 1944 July Plot ...

(1893–1961),

* (1902–1991),

* (1901–1988), SPD * (1912–1964), KPD * (1902–1975), SPD

S

Anton Saefkow Anton Emil Hermann Saefkow (; 22 July 1903 – 18 September 1944) was a German Communist and a resistance fighter against the National Socialist régime. He was arrested in July 1944 and executed on 18 September by guillotine. Early life An ...

(1903–1944),

* Herbert Sandberg (1908–1991), KPD,

Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists The Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists of Germany (German: ''Assoziation revolutionärer bildender Künstler Deutschlands'', or ARBKD) was an organization of artists who were members of the Communist Party of Germany (''Kommunistische Parte ...

Willi Sänger Heinrich Max Willi Sänger (; 21 May 1894 in Berlin, Germany – 27 November 1944 in Brandenburg, Germany) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazis. Life Willi Sänger, was the son of a carpenter. After school, he comple ...

(1894–1944), KPD * (ca. 1904–1997), Solf Circle *

Karl Schapper Karl Friedrich Schapper (December 30, 1812, Weinbach – April 28, 1870, London) was a German socialist and labour leader. He was one of the pioneers of the labour movement in Germany and an early associate of Wilhelm Weitling and Karl Marx. You ...

(1879–1941),

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

* Werner Scharff (1912–1945), *

John Schehr John Schehr (9 February 1896 - 1 February 1934) was a German political activist who became a Communist Party politician and ultimately, chairman (leader) of the party, following the arrest on 3 March 1933 of Ernst Thälmann. By this time the c ...

(1896–1934), KPD * (1899–1945), KPD * Heinrich Scheuken (1902–1944), acted alone * (1898–1980), SPD * (1911–1944), KPD *

Emilie Schindler Emilie Schindler (née Pelzl; ; 22 October 1907 – 5 October 2001) was a Sudeten German-born woman who, with her husband Oskar Schindler, helped to save the lives of 1,200 Jews during World War II by employing them in his enamelware and muniti ...

(1907–2001), acted alone *

(1908–1974), acted alone * Bartholomäus (Barthel) Schink (1927–1944),

* Friedrich Schlotterbeck (1909–1979), KJD, KPD,

Schlotterbeck Group Schlotterbeck is a German language habitational surname. Notable people with the name include: * Andreas Schlotterbeck (1982), German water polo player * Anna Schlotterbeck (1902–1972), German political activist and writer * Friedrich Schlotterbec ...

* (1901–1976), SPD *

Anton Schmid Anton Schmid (9 January 1900 – 13 April 1942) was an Austrian recruit in the '' Wehrmacht'' who saved Jews during the Holocaust in Lithuania. A devout but apolitical Roman Catholic and an electrician by profession, Schmid was conscripted in ...

(1900–1942),

Richard Schmid Richard Schmid (October 5, 1934—April 18, 2021) was an American realist artist. Early career Richard Schmid's maternal grandfather, Julian Oates, was an architectural sculptor. Richard's initial studies in landscape painting, figure drawing, ...

(1899–1986), counsel, Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (affiliated) * Otto Schmirgal (1900–1944), KPD * Elisabeth Schmitz (1893–1977), theologian, resistance fighter,

Alexander Schmorell Alexander Schmorell (; russian: Александр Гугович Шморель, translit=Aleksandr Gugovich Shmorel', ; 16 September 1917 – 13 July 1943) was a Russian- German student at Munich University who, with five others, formed a resis ...

(1917–1943),

* Paul Schneider (1897–1939), pastor,

* Ernst Schneller (1890–1944), KPD * (1899–1976),

* (d. 1945) KPD * (1924–42),

* Eugen Schönhaar (1898–1934), KPD * (1889–1933), KPD *

Hans Scholl Hans Fritz Scholl (; 22 September 1918 – 22 February 1943) was, along with Alexander Schmorell, one of the two founding members of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany. The principal author of the resistance movement's ...

(1918–1943),

Sophie Scholl Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was a German student and anti-Nazi political activist, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. She was convicted of high treason after having bee ...

(1921–1943), White Rose *

Roman Karl Scholz Roman Karl Scholz (16 January 1912 – 10 May 1944) was an Austrian author and Augustinian canon regular at Klosterneuburg. He became a resistance activist after attending a Nuremberg Rally in 1936 and was executed fewer than eight years later ...

(1912–1944),

* Felice Schragenheim (1922-1942), unknown * (1892–1944),

* Karl Schröder (1884–1950), * Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg (1875–1944),

Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg (5 September 1902 – 10 August 1944) was a German government official and a member of the German Resistance in the 20 July Plot against Adolf Hitler. Personal development Schulenburg was born in Lond ...

(1902–1944),

Eduard Schulte Eduard Schulte ( 4 January 1891 in Düsseldorf – 6 January 1966 in Zürich) was a prominent German industrialist. He was one of the first to warn the Allies and tell the world of the Holocaust and systematic exterminations of Jews in Nazi German ...

(1891–1966), industrialist, acted alone * (1891–1945), * Josef Schulz (1909?–1941),

(disputed) * (1894–1935), KPD *

Eva Schulze-Knabe Eva Schulze-Knabe (11 May 1907 – 15 July 1976) was a German painter and graphic artist, as well as a resistance fighter against the Third Reich. Biography Born in Pirna, Saxony, Eva Schulze-Knabe studied from 1924 to 1926 in Leipzig and ...

(1907–1976), KPD *

Elisabeth Schumacher Elisabeth Schumacher (née Hohenemser; 28 April 1904 – 22 December 1942 in Plötzensee Prison, Berlin) was a German artist, photographer. and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. She was a member of the Berlin-based anti-fascist resista ...

(1904–1942) Red Orchestra *

Kurt Schumacher (sculptor) Kurt Schumacher (6 May 1905 – 22 December 1942) was a German sculptor and Communist member of the German Resistance fighter who was a member of the anti-fascist resistance group that was later called the Red Orchestra by the Gestapo. He was ...

(1905–1942) Red Orchestra *

Georg Schumann (resistance fighter) Georg Schumann (; 28 November 1886 – 11 January 1945) was a German communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. Life Imperial Germany Schumann's father was a socialist. The skilled toolmaker joined the Social Democratic Part ...

(1886–1945), KPD *

Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky Margarete "Grete" Lihotzky (born 23 January 1897 in the Margareten district of Vienna, Austria-Hungary – 18 January 2000) was an Austrian architect and a communist activist in the Austrian resistance to Nazism. She is mostly remembered tod ...

(1897–2000),

Adolf Schütz The Ehrenfeld Group (german: Ehrenfelder Gruppe, ; sometimes called the Steinbrück Group, german: Steinbrück-Gruppe, ) was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944. The group, which consisted of over one hundred pe ...

(1926–1944),

Alexander Schwab Alexander Schwab (5 July 1887 – 12 November 1943) was a German political activist. He withdrew from active participation in politics after resigning from the fractious and short-lived Communist Workers' Party of Germany, Communist Workers' Part ...

(1887–1943), * Günther Schwarz (1928–1944),

* Rudolf Schwarz (resistance activist) (1904–1934), KPD *

Werner Seelenbinder Werner Seelenbinder (2 August 1904 – 24 October 1944) was a German communist and wrestler. Early years Seelenbinder was born in Stettin, Pomerania (modern-day Poland), and became a wrestler after training as a joiner. He had connections wi ...

(1904–1944), KPD * Willi Seng (1909–1944), KPD functionary * Robert Siewert (1887–1973), KPO, Buchenwald Resistance * (1898–1942), KPD * (1894–1955), KPD *

Hanna Solf Johanna Susanne Elisabeth Solf (née Dotti, 14 November 1887 – 4 November 1954) was a member of the German resistance to Nazism and key member of the Solf Circle. Johanna Dotti married Wilhelm Solf in 1908, who was then governor of German Sam ...

(1884–1954), Solf Circle *

Richard Sorge Richard Sorge (russian: Рихард Густавович Зорге, Rikhard Gustavovich Zorge; 4 October 1895 – 7 November 1944) was a German-Azerbaijani journalist and Soviet military intelligence officer who was active before and during Wo ...

(1895–1944), KPD spy for the Soviet Union * (1911–1944)

Claus von Stauffenberg Colonel Claus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (; 15 November 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German army officer best known for his failed attempt on 20 July 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair. Despite ...

(1907–1944),

* (1902–1942), KPD * Wilhelm Stein (d. 1944), KPD * Hans Steinbrück (1921–1944),

* (1917–1942), Young Communist League of Germany, Herbert Baum Group * (1896–1934), Rote Hilfe * (1900–1933), KPD * (1897–1958), DDP, * Stefan Szende (1901–1985), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany *

Carl Szokoll Carl Szokoll (15 October 1915 – 25 August 2004) was an Austrian resistance fighter involved in the 20 July Plot, major in the Wehrmacht, and, after the war, author and film producer. Early life Szokoll was born in Vienna, the son of a low-ranki ...

(1915–2004),

T

Elisabeth von Thadden Elisabeth Adelheid Hildegard von Thadden (29 July 1890 – 8 September 1944, executed) was a German progressive educator and a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime as a member of the Solf Circle. She was sentenced to death for conspir ...

(1890–1944), Solf Circle * Bruno Tesch (antifascist) (1913–1933), KPD *

Ernst Thälmann Ernst Johannes Fritz Thälmann (; 16 April 1886 – 18 August 1944) was a German communist politician, and leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) from 1925 to 1933. A committed Marxist-Leninist and Stalinist, Thälmann played a major r ...

(1886–1944), KPD *

Fritz Theilen Fritz Theilen (27 September 1927 – 18 April 2012) was a German member of the anti- Nazi resistance group the Edelweißpiraten during World War II. Born to working-class parents, he joined the Deutsches Jungvolk division of the Hitler Yo ...

* Matthias Theisen (1885–1933), KPD, SPD * Paul Thümmel (1902–1945),

Czech Resistance Resistance to the German occupation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia during World War II began after the occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia and the formation of the protectorate on 15 March 1939. German policy deterred acts ...

Paul Tillich Paul Johannes Tillich (August 20, 1886 – October 22, 1965) was a German-American Christian existentialist philosopher, religious socialist, and Lutheran Protestant theologian who is widely regarded as one of the most influential theolo ...

(1886–1965),

Christian Socialist Christian socialism is a religious and political philosophy that blends Christianity and socialism, endorsing left-wing politics and socialist economics on the basis of the Bible and the teachings of Jesus. Many Christian socialists believe cap ...

, American Friends of German Freedom, Council for a Democratic Germany

U

* (1890–1968), unionist resistance (DMV) *

Robert Uhrig Robert Uhrig (; March 8, 1903 – August 21, 1944) was a German communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism. Background Born in Leipzig, the son of a metalworker, Uhrig grew up to become a journeyman toolmaker. He joined the ...

(1903–1944), KPD

V

Kurt Vieweg Kurt Vieweg (born 29 October 1911 in Göttingen – died 2 December 1976 in Greifswald) was one of the leading agricultural politicians in the early years of the GDR. He was at various times Secretary General of the VdgB (the Peasants Mutual Aid ...

(1911–1976), KPD * Franz Vogt (1899–1940), labour unionist, SPD,

W

Maria Wachter Maria Wachter (21 April 1910 – 18 August 2010) was a political activist (Communist Party of Germany, KPD) who resisted Nazi Party, Nazism both before and after Machtergreifung, 1933. She spent most of the Nazi Germany, twelve Nazi years in ex ...

(1910-2010), KPD * (1905–1943), SPD *

Heinrich Wagner Heinrich Wagner (9 August 1888, Hamburg – 24 June 1959, Hamburg) was a German chess master. In 1920/21, he won in Kiel. In 1921, he took 8th in Hamburg (the 21st DSB Congress, Erhardt Post won), and won in Hamburg (''Quadrangular''). ...

(1886-1945), KPD, Rote Hilfe * Jacob Walcher (1887–1970), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany * (1904–1956), KPD * Eduard Wald (1905–1978), Committee for Proletarian Unity * Orli Wald (1914–1962), Young Communist League of Germany, "Angel of Auschwitz" * Maria von Wedemeyer (1924–1977),

* (1889–1945), from SPD- and Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, member of existing resistance group in Zeitz *

Armin T. Wegner Armin Theophil Wegner (October 16, 1886 – May 17, 1978) was a German soldier and medic in World War I, a prolific author, and a human rights activist. Stationed in the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Wegner was a witness to the Armenian g ...

(1886–1978), author, medic, soldier and human rights activist, acted alone * Herbert Wehner (1906–1990), KPD * Otto Weidt (1883–1947), anarchist resistance * (1909–1944),

* Friedrich Weißler (1891–1937),

* (1884–1940), SPD * (1889–1960), Lutheran pastor * Hans Westermann (1890–1935), Versöhnler, KPD * (1894–1944), European Union (resistance group) * (1895–1942), SPD * (1888-1958), Aktion Rheinland * Albert Willimsky (1890–1940), Catholic church * ,

* Josef Wirmer (1901–1944), Catholic church, * (1896–1944), artist, acted alone * (1902–1944), Catholic church * (1904–1997), Zionist refugee helper in Berlin *

Rosi Wolfstein Alma Rosalie (Rosi) Wolfstein (after 1948, Rosi Frölich: 27 May 1888 – 11 December 1987) was a German socialist politician. After the murder of her friend and mentor, the communist pioneer Rosa Luxemburg, she inherited Luxemburg's copious coll ...

(1888–1987), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany

Z

* (1919–2005),

Hashomer Hatzair Hashomer Hatzair ( he, הַשׁוֹמֵר הַצָעִיר, , ''The Young Guard'') is a Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary, and it was also the name of the gro ...

, Herbert Baum Group *

Hiltgunt Zassenhaus Hiltgunt Margret Zassenhaus (10 July 1916 – 20 November 2004) was a German philologist who worked as an interpreter in Hamburg, Germany during World War II, and later as a physician in the United States. She was honoured for her efforts to ...

(1916–2004), wartime translator and interpreter * Zita Zehner (1900–1978), home economist and radio host * (1910–1981), KPD * German Resistance Memorial Center
Karl Zimmet (includes photo). (1895–1969) Antinazistische Deutsche Volksfront * (1910–1940), KPD

References

External links

German Resistance Memorial Center
Homepage. Retrieved March 15, 2010 {{DEFAULTSORT:Germans who resisted Nazism, List of Lists of German people Political repression in Nazi Germany German people by political orientation Nazi-related lists Germany in World War II-related lists

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External links