List of French forts in North America
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This is a list of forts in
New France New France (french: Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spa ...
built by the
French government The Government of France ( French: ''Gouvernement français''), officially the Government of the French Republic (''Gouvernement de la République française'' ), exercises executive power in France. It is composed of the Prime Minister, who ...
or French
chartered companies A chartered company is an association with investors or shareholders that is incorporated and granted rights (often exclusive rights) by royal charter (or similar instrument of government) for the purpose of trade, exploration, and/or coloni ...
in what later became
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by to ...
,
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon (), officially the Territorial Collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (french: link=no, Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon ), is a self-governing territorial overseas collectivity of France in t ...
, and the United States. They range from large European-type
citadel A citadel is the core fortified area of a town or city. It may be a castle, fortress, or fortified center. The term is a diminutive of "city", meaning "little city", because it is a smaller part of the city of which it is the defensive core. In ...
s like at Quebec City to tiny fur-trade posts.


Canada

The French forts in Canada were located from the
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
to as far west as the confluence of the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, and as far north as
James Bay James Bay (french: Baie James; cr, ᐐᓂᐯᒄ, Wînipekw, dirty water) is a large body of water located on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada. Both bodies of water extend from the Arctic Ocean, of which James Bay is the southernmost p ...
. Built between the 1640s and the 1750s, a few were captured from rival
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
fur trading companies like
Hudson's Bay Company The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; french: Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group. A fur trading business for much of its existence, HBC now owns and operates retail stores in Canada. The company's namesake business di ...
. The forts were located on waterways to provide transport of fur back east to
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...
or
Quebec City Quebec City ( or ; french: Ville de Québec), officially Québec (), is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459, and the metropolitan area had a population of 839,311. It is t ...
. A few have survived or been re-built, but most are ruins or simply disappeared after abandonment.


Saint Pierre and Miquelon


United States

The French forts built in what is now the United States, were part of a series of forts built from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi delta; as far west as the Dakotas, as far east as Maine.


See also

*
Military of New France The military of New France consisted of a mix of regular soldiers from the French Army ( Carignan-Salières Regiment) and French Navy ( Troupes de la marine, later Compagnies Franches de la Marine) supported by small local volunteer militia unit ...
*
List of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts This is a list of Hudson's Bay Company trading posts.HBCA Post Records by Name
* List of North American cities by year of foundation ;Canada related *
Canadian Forces base A Canadian Forces base or CFB (french: links=no, base des Forces canadiennes, BFC) is a military installation of the Canadian Armed Forces. For a facility to qualify as a Canadian Forces base, it must station one or more major units (e.g., army r ...
*
Former colonies and territories in Canada A number of states and polities formerly claimed colonies and territories in Canada prior to the evolution of the current provinces and territories under the federal system. North America prior to colonization was occupied by a variety of in ...
*
List of Royal Canadian Air Force stations This is a list of stations operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), or stations where RCAF units existed, from 1924 until unification into the Canadian Forces on February 1, 1968. Some of the RCAF stations listed in this article link to f ...
* List of Royal Canadian Navy stations ;United States related *
List of United States Army installations The following is a list of United States Army Installations that have been closed down; List * Alaska ** Fort Davis, Alaska * Alabama ** Fort McClellan ** Brookley Field * Arizona ** Camp Bouse * Arkansas ** Fort Logan H. Roots * California ** ...
*
List of United States Army airfields This is a list of United States Army airfields. Active United States and Territories Worldwide Closed United States and Territories Worldwide Lists by state * Alabama World War II Army Airfields * Alaska World War II Army Airfiel ...
*
List of United States military bases This is a list of military installations owned or used by the United States Armed Forces currently located in the United States and around the world. This list details only current or recently closed facilities; some defunct facilities are f ...
*
List of United States Navy installations List of major active US Navy bases, stations and other facilities. Within the United States California *Concord Naval Weapons Station *Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center *Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake *Naval Base San ...
*
List of United States Marine Corps installations This is a list of installations used by the United States Marine Corps, organized by type and state. Most US states do not have active Marine Corps bases; however, many do have reserve bases and centers. In addition, the Marine Corps Security Fo ...
*
List of United States Air Force installations This is a list of installations operated by the United States Air Force located within the United States and abroad. Locations where the Air Force have a notable presence but do not operate the facility are also listed. Background The locatio ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Forts In North America, List Of French * French military-related lists Lists of buildings and structures in Canada Lists of buildings and structures in the United States Lists of forts Lists of place names United States history-related lists