This is a list of

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

words of

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; attributively , ; nominally , , ) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in South Asia after its predecessor languages had diffused there from the northwest in the late ...

origin. Most of these words were not directly borrowed from Sanskrit. The meaning of some words have changed slightly after being borrowed. Both languages belong to the

Indo-European The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutc ...

language family and have numerous cognate terms. Innumerous Words like "Mortal", "Feet", "End", "Path", "Mother", "Father" and the names of the numbers 1-10 are cognates of English and Sanskrit, along with other Indo-European Languages like

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

, French or

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

. However, this list is strictly of the words which is taken from Sanskrit:

A

; Ambarella : through si, ඇඹරැල්ලා ultimately from Sanskrit: अम्बरेल्ला, a kind of tree. ;

Aniline Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6 H5 NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starti ...

: through german: Anilin, French: Aniline and Portuguese: Anil from Arabic النيل ''al-nili'' and Persian نیلا ''nila'', ultimately from Sanskrit नीली ''nili''. ; Aryan : from Sanskrit , “noble; noble one” though it originally stems from the Proto-Indo-Iranian

autonym Autonym may refer to: * Autonym, the name used by a person to refer to themselves or their language; see Exonym and endonym * Autonym (botany), an automatically created infrageneric or infraspecific name See also * Nominotypical subspecies, in zo ...

''.'' First attested in English in 1839, it was likely coined as a loan from earlier scholars in Europe writing in German and French who in turn borrowed directly from Sanskrit. ;

Atoll An atoll () is a ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon partially or completely. There may be coral islands or cays on the rim. Atolls are located in warm tropical or subtropical oceans and seas where corals can gr ...

: through Dhivehi : possibly from Sanskrit , interior, though there are other theories. ;

Aubergine Eggplant ( US, Canada), aubergine ( UK, Ireland) or brinjal (Indian subcontinent, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. ''Solanum melongena'' is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Mo ...

: from French , in Catalan , via Arabic and Persian bâdenjân ultimately from Sanskrit , meaning eggplant or aubergine. ;

Avatar Avatar (, ; ), is a concept within Hinduism that in Sanskrit literally means "descent". It signifies the material appearance or incarnation of a powerful deity, goddess or spirit on Earth. The relative verb to "alight, to make one's appeara ...

: from Sanskrit , which means "descent", an avatar refers to the human incarnation of God during times of distress on earth. Thus,

Krishna Krishna (; sa, कृष्ण ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme god in his own right. He is the god of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love; and is one ...

and

Rāma Rama (; ), Ram, Raman or Ramar, also known as Ramachandra (; , ), is a major deity in Hinduism. He is the seventh and one of the most popular ''avatars'' of Vishnu. In Rama-centric traditions of Hinduism, he is considered the Supreme Being ...

were both avatars of

Vishnu Vishnu ( ; , ), also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism. Vishnu is known as "The Preserver" withi ...

, who also manifested himself as an avatar many other times, ten of which are considered the most significant.

B

; Bandana : from

बन्धन ''bandhana'', "a bond". ;

Banyan A banyan, also spelled "banian", is a fig that develops accessory trunks from adventitious prop roots, allowing the tree to spread outwards indefinitely. This distinguishes banyans from other trees with a strangler habit that begin life as a ...

: from Hindi ''baniyaa'' ultimately from Sanskrit वणिज्‌ ''vaṇij'', which means "a merchant". ;

Basmati Basmati, , is a variety of long, slender-grained aromatic rice which is traditionally grown in India, Pakistan, and Nepal.

: through Hindi बासमती ultimately from Sanskrit वास ''vāsa''. ;

Bahuvrihi A ''bahuvrihi'' compound (from sa, बहुव्रीहि, tr=bahuvrīhi, lit=much rice/having much rice, originally referring to fertile land but later denoting the quality of being wealthy or rich) is a type of compound word that denotes ...

: from Sanskrit बहुव्रीहि ''bahuvrīhih'', a composite word, meaning 'much rice'. ; Bidi : through Hindi बीड़ी ultimately from Sanskrit वितिक ''vitika''. ; Bhakti : from Sanskrit भक्ति "bhakti", portion or more importantly, devotion. ;

Brinjal Eggplant ( US, Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world' ...

: from Portuguese ''bringella'' or ''beringela'', from Persian بادنجان ''badingān'', probably from Sanskrit ''vātiṅgaṇa''. ;

Buddha Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism. According to Buddhist tradition, he was born in L ...

: from Sanskrit बुद्ध ''buddha'', which means "awakened, enlightened", refers to Siddhartha Gautama, founder of

Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religions, Indian religion or Indian philosophy#Buddhist philosophy, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha. ...

. Also refers to one who is enlightened in accordance with the teachings of

or a likeness of Buddha.

C

; Candy :Middle English candi, crystallized cane sugar, short for sugre-candi, partial translation of Old French sucre candi, ultimately from Arabic sukkar qandī : sukkar, sugar + qandī, consisting of sugar lumps (from qand, lump of crystallized sugar, from an Indic source akin to Pali kaṇḍa-, from Sanskrit खाण्डक ''khaṇḍakaḥ'', from khaṇḍaḥ, piece, fragment, perhaps of Munda origin). ; Carmine : Ultimately from Sanskrit कृमि ''kṛmi'' meaning "worm". See also ''Crimson''. ; Cashmere :1680s, "shawl made of cashmere wool", from the old spelling of Kashmir, Himalayan kingdom where wool was obtained from long-haired goats. ;

Chakram Chakram ( sa, , script=latn; pa, , script=latn) is a throwing weapon from the Indian subcontinent. One of its major purposes is to protect the turban and the head from sword/melee attacks. It is circular with a sharpened outer edge and a diame ...

: from Sanskrit चक्रं Cakram, a circular throwing weapon ;

Cheetah The cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus'') is a large cat native to Africa and central Iran. It is the fastest land animal, estimated to be capable of running at with the fastest reliably recorded speeds being , and as such has evolved specialized ...

: which is from Sanskrit चित्रस ''chitra-s'' "uniquely marked". ;

Chintz Chintz () is a woodblock printed, painted, stained or glazed calico textile that originated in Golconda (present day Hyderabad, India) in the 16th century. The cloth is printed with designs featuring flowers and other patterns in different colour ...

: from Hindi chint, from Sanskrit chitra-s "clear, bright". ; Chukar : via Hindi चकोर ''cakor'' and Urdu چکور ''chukar'' ultimately from Sanskrit चकोर ''cakorah''. ; Chukker : from Hindi चक्कर and Urdu چکر''chakkar'', from Sanskrit चक्र ''cakra'', "a circle, a wheel". ;

Citipati ''Citipati'' (; meaning "funeral pyre lord") is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, about 75 million to 71 million years ago. It is mainly known from the Ukhaa Tolgod locality at the Djadokhta F ...

: from Sanskrit चिति पति ''citi-pati'', which means "a funeral pyre lord". ; Cot : from Hindi खाट ''khaat'' "a couch", which is from Sanskrit खट्वा ''khatva''. ;

Copra Copra (from ) is the dried, white flesh of the coconut from which coconut oil is extracted. Traditionally, the coconuts are sun-dried, especially for export, before the oil, also known as copra oil, is pressed out. The oil extracted from co ...

: from Portuguese copra (16c.), from koppara (cognate with Hindi khopra) "coconut"; related to Hindi khopri "skull", from Sanskrit kharparah "skull". ;

Cowrie Cowrie or cowry () is the common name for a group of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries. The term ''porcelain'' derives from the old Italian term for the cowrie shell (''porcellana'') du ...

: from Hindi कौड़ी ''kauri'' and

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
'' Crimson : from Old Spanish ''cremesin'', via Medieval Latin ''cremesinus'' from Persian قرمز ''qirmiz'' "a kermes", which is ultimately from Sanskrit कृमिज ''krmi-ja'' literally: "red dye produced by a worm". ;

Crocus ''Crocus'' (; plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of seasonal flowering plants in the family Iridaceae (iris family) comprising about 100 species of perennials growing from corms. They are low growing plants, whose flower stems remain under ...

: from Greek κρόκος ''crocus'', via

Semitic languages The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are spoken by more than 330 million people across much of West Asia, the Horn of Africa, and latterly North Africa, Malta, West Africa, Chad, and in large immigra ...

(e.g.

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

כרכום ''karkōm'',

Aramaic The Aramaic languages, short Aramaic ( syc, ܐܪܡܝܐ, Arāmāyā; oar, 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀; arc, 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀; tmr, אֲרָמִית), are a language family containing many varieties (languages and dialects) that originated in ...

ܟܘܪܟܡܐ ''kurkama'',

كركم ''kurkum'', which mean saffron or saffron yellow); ultimately from Sanskrit कुङ्कुमं ''kunkumam.''

D

;

Dal In Indian cuisine, ''dal'' (also spelled ''daal'' or ''dhal''; pronunciation: , Hindi: दाल, Urdu: ) are dried, split pulses (e.g., lentils, peas, and beans) that do not require soaking before cooking. India is the largest producer of pu ...

: through Hindi दाल ''dāl'' ultimately from Sanskrit दल ''dala'', meaning cotyledon of a pea pod, a type of Indian food; also refers to

lentil The lentil (''Lens culinaris'' or ''Lens esculenta'') is an edible legume. It is an annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. As a food crop, the largest pro ...

s. ; Das : from Sanskrit दास ''daasa'', a slave or servant. See also

Dasa ''Dasa'' ( sa, दास, Dāsa) is a Sanskrit word found in ancient Indian texts such as the ''Rigveda'' and ''Arthasastra''. It usually means "enemy" or "servant" but ''dasa'', or ''das'', also means a " servant of God", "devotee," " votary" or ...

. ; Datura : through Latin and Hindi: धतूरा ''dhatūra'' " jimson weed" ultimately from Sanskrit धत्तूरा ''dhattūrā'', a kind of flowering plant. ; Deodar : through Hindi देओदार ''deodār'' ultimately from Sanskrit देवदारु ''devadāru'', a kind of tree. ; Deva : from Sanskrit देव ''deva'', which means "a god", akin to Latin ''deus'', "god". ; Devi : from Sanskrit देवी ''devi'', which means "a goddess". ; Dharma : from Sanskrit: धर्म ''dharma''; akin to Latin: firmus, meaning "conformity to one's duty and nature" and "divine law". ;

Dhoti The dhoti, also known as veshti, vetti, dhuti, mardani, chaadra, dhotar, jaiñboh, panchey, is a type of sarong, tied in a manner that outwardly resembles "loose trousers". It is a lower garment forming part of the ethnic costume for men in the ...

: via

Hindi Hindi ( Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been ...

''dhotī'' (Hindi: धोती) ultimately from Sanskrit ''dhautī'' (Sanskrit: धौती) which means 'to wash', a traditional male garment used in India. Material tied around the waist that covers most of the legs. ;

Dinghy A dinghy is a type of small boat, often carried or towed by a larger vessel for use as a tender. Utility dinghies are usually rowboats or have an outboard motor. Some are rigged for sailing but they differ from sailing dinghies, which ...

: from Hindi दिन्गी ''dingi'' "a tiny boat", probably from Sanskrit द्रोण ''drona''. ;

Dvandva A dvandva ('pair' in Sanskrit) is a linguistic compound in which multiple individual nouns are concatenated to form an agglomerated compound word in which the conjunction has been elided to form a new word with a distinct semantic field. For ins ...

: is a Sanskrit technical term literally meaning "a pair".

G

; Ganja : via Hindi गांजा (''gaanja'' or "hemp"), ultimately from Sanskrit गञ्जा (''gañjā'' or "hemp"). ;

Gharry A gharry or gharri is a horse-drawn cab used especially in India. A palkee gharry is shaped like a palanquin. A gharry driver is a gharry- wallah. See also * Carriage A carriage is a private four-wheeled vehicle for people and is most c ...

: via

word ''gādī'' (Hindi: गाड़ी) which is ultimately derived from Sanskrit word ''garta'' (Sanskrit: गर्त) which means 'chariot'. ; Ginger : from Old English gingifer, gingiber, from Late Latin gingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Greek zingiberis, from Prakrit (Middle Indic) singabera, from Sanskrit श्रङ्गवेर ''śrngavera'', from śrnga "horn" + vera- "body", although, it may have derived instead from

Tamil Tamil may refer to: * Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia **Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka also called ilankai tamils **Tamil Malaysians, Tamil people native to Malaysia * Tamil language, nativ ...

word "Inchi" (இஞ்சி). ; Gondwana : from two Sanskrit words, ''goṇḍa'' (Devanagari: गोण्ड) which means '

Gondi people The Gondi (Gōndi) or Gond or Koitur are a Dravidian ethno-linguistic group. They are one of the largest tribal groups in India. They are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Prad ...

or mountaineers' and ''vana'' (Devanagari: वन) which means 'forest'. ;

Guar The guar or cluster bean, with the botanical name ''Cyamopsis tetragonoloba'', is an annual legume and the source of guar gum. It is also known as gavar, gawar, or guvar bean. The origin of ''Cyamopsis tetragonoloba'' is unknown, since it has ...

: through Hindi गार ultimately from Sanskrit गोपाली ''gopālī'', an annual legume. ; Gunny : via Persian گونی "Gooni" a burlap sack and Hindi गोनी, ultimately from Sanskrit गोणी ''goni'' "sack". ;

Gurkha The Gurkhas or Gorkhas (), with endonym Gorkhali ), are soldiers native to the Indian subcontinent, Indian Subcontinent, chiefly residing within Nepal and some parts of Northeast India. The Gurkha units are composed of Nepalis and Indian Go ...

: via Nepalese गोर्खा ultimately from Sanskrit गोरक्ष ''goraksa'', "a cowherd". ;

Guru Guru ( sa, गुरु, IAST: ''guru;'' Pali'': garu'') is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. In pan-Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverential ...

: via

गुरु ultimately from Sanskrit गुरु ''guru'', which means "a teacher".

J

;

Jackal Jackals are medium-sized canids native to Africa and Eurasia. While the word "jackal" has historically been used for many canines of the subtribe canina, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backed ...

: from Turkish ''çakal'', from

شغال ''shaghal'', from

Middle Indic The Middle Indo-Aryan languages (or Middle Indic languages, sometimes conflated with the Prakrits, which are a stage of Middle Indic) are a historical group of languages of the Indo-Aryan family. They are the descendants of Old Indo-Aryan (OIA; ...

''shagal'', ultimately from Sanskrit शृगाल ''srgala'' "the howler". ; Jaggery :via

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

''jágara'', ''jagre'' and

Malayalam Malayalam (; , ) is a Dravidian languages, Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (union territory), Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 2 ...

ഛക്കര ''chakkara'', ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा ''śarkarā''. ;

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...

: originally a kind of coffee grown on Java and nearby islands of modern Indonesia. By early 20c. it meant coffee generally. The island name is shortened from Sanskrit Yavadvipa "Island of Barley", from yava "barley" + dvipa "island". ; Juggernaut : through Odia ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ''

Jagannath Jagannath ( or, ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ, lit=Lord of the Universe, Jagannātha; formerly en, Juggernaut) is a deity worshipped in regional Hindu traditions in India and Bangladesh as part of a triad along with his brother Balabhadra, and sister ...

a'' ultimately from Sanskrit जगन्नाथ ''jagat-natha-s'', which means "lord of the world". ;

Jungle A jungle is land covered with dense forest and tangled vegetation, usually in tropical climates. Application of the term has varied greatly during the past recent century. Etymology The word ''jungle'' originates from the Sanskrit word ''ja� ...

: through

जंगल ''jangal'' "a desert, forest"; also Persian جنگل jangal meaning forest; ultimately from Sanskrit जङ्गल ''jangala'', which means "arid". ; Jute : from Sanskrit जुत ''juta-s'', which means "twisted hair".

K

;

Karma Karma (; sa, कर्म}, ; pi, kamma, italic=yes) in Sanskrit means an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences. In Indian religions, the term more specifically refers to a principle of cause and effect, often descriptivel ...

: from Sanskrit कर्मन् ''karman'', which means "action". ; Kedgeree : probably ultimately from Sanskrit कृशर ''krśara''. ; Kermes : via French: ''Kermès,'' and Persian قرمز ''qermez''; perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit: कृमिज ''kṛmija'' meaning "worm-made".

L

;

Lac Lac is the resinous secretion of a number of species of lac insects, of which the most commonly cultivated is ''Kerria lacca''. Cultivation begins when a farmer gets a stick that contains eggs ready to hatch and ties it to the tree to be infes ...

: through Urdu ''لاکھ'', Persian ''لاک'' and Hindi ''लाख'' ''lakh'' from Prakrit लक्ख ''lakkha'', ultimately from Sanskrit लाक्षा ''lākṣā, meaning lac''. ; Lacquer : through French: Laque and Portuguese: Laca from Arabic لك ''lakk'',लाख in Hindi, via Prakrit ultimately from Sanskrit लाक्षा ''lākṣā''. ;

Langur The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications sp ...

: through Hindi लुट ''lut'' probably ultimately from Sanskrit लङ्गूल ''langūla''. ; Lilac : via Arabic للك ''lilak'' from Persian نیلک ''nilak'' meaning "bluish", ultimately from Sanskrit नील ''nila'', which means "dark blue". ; Loot : ultimately from Sanskrit लुण्टा ''lota-m'' or लुण्ठति ''luṇṭhati'' meaning "he steals" through Hindi लूट ''lūṭ'', which means "a booty, stolen thing".

M

;

Maharajah Mahārāja (; also spelled Maharajah, Maharaj) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or " high king". A few ruled states informally called empires, including ruler raja Sri Gupta, founder of the ancient Indian Gupta Empire, a ...

: through Hindi महाराजा ultimately from Sanskrit महाराजा ''mahā-rājā'', which means "a great king". ; Maharani : through Hindi महारानी finally from Sanskrit महाराज्ञी ''mahārājnī'', which means "consort of a

maharajah Mahārāja (; also spelled Maharajah, Maharaj) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or " high king". A few ruled states informally called empires, including ruler raja Sri Gupta, founder of the ancient Indian Gupta Empire, a ...

". ;

Maharishi Maharishi is a Sanskrit word, written as "महर्षि" in Devanagari (formed from the prefix mahā- meaning "great" and r̥ṣi - sage, poet or a singer of sacred hymns), indicating members of the highest order of ancient Indian sages, po ...

: from Sanskrit महर्षि ''maha-rishi'', which means "a great sage". ;

Mahatma Mahatma (English pronunciation: , sa, महात्मा, translit=mahātmā) is an honorific used in India. The term is commonly used for Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is often referred to simply as "Mahatma Gandhi". Albeit less frequen ...

: from Sanskrit महात्मा ''mahatma'', which means "a great breath, soul". ;

Mahayana ''Mahāyāna'' (; "Great Vehicle") is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices. Mahāyāna Buddhism developed in India (c. 1st century BCE onwards) and is considered one of the three main existing br ...

: from Sanskrit महायान ''maha-yana'', which means "a great vehicle". ;

Mahout A mahout is an elephant rider, trainer, or keeper. Mahouts were used since antiquity for both civilian and military use. Traditionally, mahouts came from ethnic groups with generations of elephant keeping experience, with a mahout retaining h ...

: via Hindi माहुत (variant of महावत) ultimately from Sanskrit महामात्रः ''mahāmātrah''. ;

Mandala A mandala ( sa, मण्डल, maṇḍala, circle, ) is a geometric configuration of symbols. In various spiritual traditions, mandalas may be employed for focusing attention of practitioners and adepts, as a spiritual guidance tool, for e ...

: from Sanskrit मण्डल ''mandala'', which means "a disc, circle". ; Mandarin : via

''mandarim'',

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

''mandarijn'', Malay ''mantri'' or ''menteri'', and Hindi मंत्री ''mantri'' "a councillor" ultimately from Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् ''

mantri Mantri is a word of Sanskrit origin (meaning sage, i.e. the "person who thinks and says" in that language, cf. Mantra), and it is used for a variety of public offices, from fairly humble to ministerial in rank. The term was used in various Asian cu ...

'', which means "an advisor". ;

Mantra A mantra ( Pali: ''manta'') or mantram (मन्त्रम्) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words in Sanskrit, Pali and other languages believed by practitioners to have religious, ...

: from Sanskrit मन्त्र ''mantra-s'' which means "a holy message or text". ;

Maya Maya may refer to: Civilizations * Maya peoples, of southern Mexico and northern Central America ** Maya civilization, the historical civilization of the Maya peoples ** Maya language, the languages of the Maya peoples * Maya (Ethiopia), a popul ...

: from Sanskrit माया ''māyā'', a religious term related with illusion. ;

Moksha ''Moksha'' (; sa, मोक्ष, '), also called ''vimoksha'', ''vimukti'' and ''mukti'', is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, enlightenment, liberation, and release. In its soteriologic ...

: from Sanskrit मोक्ष ''moksha'', liberation from the cycle of death and

rebirth Rebirth may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Film * ''Rebirth'' (2011 film), a 2011 Japanese drama film * ''Rebirth'' (2016 film), a 2016 American thriller film * ''Rebirth'', a documentary film produced by Project Rebirth * ''The Re ...

. ; Mugger : via Hindi मगर and Urdu مگر ''magar'' ultimately from Sanskrit मकर ''makara'' ("sea creature"), like a crocodile, which attacks stealthily. ; Mung bean : through Hindi मुग ''mū̃g'' and

Pali Pali () is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the Buddhist ''Pāli Canon'' or '' Tipiṭaka'' as well as the sacred language of '' Theravāda'' Buddh ...

Prakrit The Prakrits (; sa, prākṛta; psu, 𑀧𑀸𑀉𑀤, ; pka, ) are a group of vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE. The term Prakrit is usu ...

मुग्ग ''mugga'' ultimately from Sanskrit मुद्ग ''mudga'', a kind of bean. ;

Musk Musk ( Persian: مشک, ''Mushk'') is a class of aromatic substances commonly used as base notes in perfumery. They include glandular secretions from animals such as the musk deer, numerous plants emitting similar fragrances, and artificial sub ...

: via

Middle English Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century. The English language underwent distinct variations and developments following the Old English ...

muske,

Middle French Middle French (french: moyen français) is a historical division of the French language that covers the period from the 14th to the 16th century. It is a period of transition during which: * the French language became clearly distinguished from ...

Musc,

Late Latin Late Latin ( la, Latinitas serior) is the scholarly name for the form of Literary Latin of late antiquity.Roberts (1996), p. 537. English dictionary definitions of Late Latin date this period from the , and continuing into the 7th century in t ...

Muscus and

Late Greek Late Greek refers to writings in the Greek language in Late Antiquity and the Early Byzantine period; and in other words, from about the late 2nd century AD until about the late 7th century AD.See the definitions of "Late Greek" aDictionary.comanT ...

μόσχος ''moskhos'' from Persian موشک ''mushk'', ultimately from Sanskrit मुस्क ''muska'' meaning "a testicle", from a diminutive of मुस ''mus'' ("mouse"). ;

Mynah The myna (; also spelled mynah) is a bird of the starling family (Sturnidae). This is a group of passerine birds which are native to southern Asia, especially India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Several species have been introduced to areas like ...

: through Hindi मैना ''maina'' ultimately from Sanskrit मदन ''madana-s'', which means "love".

N

;

Nainsook Nainsook is a soft, fine, lightweight form of muslin. Muslin encompasses a broad range of fabrics of varying weight and fineness, but is always a plain weave, cotton fabric. The word 'nainsook' is first documented in 1790, and derives from the H ...

:through Hindi नैनसुख ''nainsukh'' ultimately from Sanskrit नयनसुख ''nayana-sukha'', meaning "pleasing to the eyes". ; Nard : through Old French ''narde'' and Latin ''nardus'' from Greek νάρδος ''nardos'', perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit नलद ''nalada''. ;

Narghile A hookah ( Hindustani: (Nastaleeq), (Devanagari), IPA: ; also see other names), shisha, or waterpipe is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for heating or vaporizing and then smoking either tobacco, flavored tobacco (often ''muʽassel' ...

: through French ''Narguilé'' and Persian نارگيله ''nārghīleh'' ultimately from Sanskrit नारिकेल ''nārikela''. ; Nark : probably from Romany ''nak'' "a nose", via Hindi नक ''nak'' ultimately from Sanskrit नक्र‌ ''nakra''. ;

Neem ''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus '' Azadirachta'', and is native to the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries in Afr ...

: through Hindi नीम ''nīm'' ultimately from Sanskrit निम्ब ''nimba'', a kind of tree. ;

Nilgai The nilgai (''Boselaphus tragocamelus'') (, literally meaning "blue cow") is the largest Asian antelope and is ubiquitous across the northern Indian subcontinent. It is the sole member of the genus ''Boselaphus'' and was described by Peter S ...

: through Hindi नीलगाय ''nīlgāy'' lit., blue cow ultimately from Sanskrit नीलगौ ''nīla-gau'', an ox-like animal. ;

Nirvana ( , , ; sa, निर्वाण} ''nirvāṇa'' ; Pali: ''nibbāna''; Prakrit: ''ṇivvāṇa''; literally, "blown out", as in an oil lampRichard Gombrich, ''Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benāres to Modern Colombo.' ...

: from Sanskrit निर्वाण ''nirvāṇa'' which means "extinction, disappearance".

O

;

Opal Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·''n''H2O); its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%. Due to its amorphous property, it is classified as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline form ...

: through French ''opalle'' from Latin ''opalus'' from Greek ὀπάλλιος ''opallios'', probably ultimately from Sanskrit उपल ''upala''. ;

Orange Orange most often refers to: *Orange (fruit), the fruit of the tree species '' Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' ** Orange blossom, its fragrant flower *Orange (colour), from the color of an orange, occurs between red and yellow in the visible spectrum * ...

: through

Old French Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intellig ...

''orenge'',

Medieval Latin Medieval Latin was the form of Literary Latin used in Roman Catholic Western Europe during the Middle Ages. In this region it served as the primary written language, though local languages were also written to varying degrees. Latin functione ...

''orenge'' and

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

''arancia'' from Arabic نارنج ''naranj'', via Persian نارنگ ''narang'' and Sanskrit नारङ्ग ''naranga-s'' meaning "an orange tree", derived from proto-Dravidian.

P

;

Pal Phase Alternating Line (PAL) is a colour encoding system for analogue television. It was one of three major analogue colour television standards, the others being NTSC and SECAM. In most countries it was broadcast at 625 lines, 50 fields (25 ...

: 1788, from Romany (English Gypsy) pal "brother, comrade", variant of continental Romany ''pral'', ''plal'', ''phral'', probably from Sanskrit bhrata "brother" ;

Palanquin The litter is a class of wheelless vehicles, a type of human-powered transport, for the transport of people. Smaller litters may take the form of open chairs or beds carried by two or more carriers, some being enclosed for protection from the el ...

: via Odia word ''pālankī'' (Odia:ପାଲଙ୍କି) which is ultimately derived from Sanskrit पल्यङ्क ''palyanka'' which means 'bed' or 'couch'. ;

Parcheesi ''Parcheesi'' is a brand-name American adaptation of the Indian cross and circle board game Pachisi, published by Parker Brothers Parker Brothers (known by Parker outside of North America) was an American toy and game manufacturer which i ...

: 1800, from Hindi pachisi, from pachis "twenty-five" (highest throw of the dice), from Sanskrit ''panca'' "five" ;

Pepper Pepper or peppers may refer to: Food and spice * Piperaceae or the pepper family, a large family of flowering plant ** Black pepper * ''Capsicum'' or pepper, a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae ** Bell pepper ** Chili ...

: Old English ''pipor'', from an early West Germanic borrowing of Latin ''piper'' "pepper", from Greek ''piperi'', probably (via Persian) from Middle Indic ''pippari'', from Sanskrit ''pippali'' "long pepper". ;

Punch Punch commonly refers to: * Punch (combat), a strike made using the hand closed into a fist * Punch (drink), a wide assortment of drinks, non-alcoholic or alcoholic, generally containing fruit or fruit juice Punch may also refer to: Places * Pun ...

: via Sanskrit पञ्च ''pancha'', meaning "five". The original drink was made from five ingredients: alcohol, sugar, lemon, water, and tea or spices. (The other senses of 'punch' are unrelated.) ; Pundit : via Sanskrit पण्डित ''paṇdita'', meaning "learned". A person who offers to mass media their opinion or commentary on a particular subject area.

R

;

Raita Raita is a side dish in Indian cuisine made of dahi (yogurt, often referred to as curd) together with raw or cooked vegetables, more seldom fruit, or in the case of boondi raita, with fried droplets of batter made from besan ( chickpea flour, ...

: ultimately from Sanskrit राजिका ''rājikā'' via Hindi रायता ''rāytā'', a south Asian condiment and side dish made of yogurt and vegetables. ; Raj : through Hindi राज and

रज्ज ''rajja'' ultimately from Sanskrit राज्य ''rājya'', which means "a king" or "kingdom". Raj means kingdom or domain of a ruler. ;

Raja ''Raja'' (; from , IAST ') is a royal title used for South Asian monarchs. The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested f ...

h : through Hindi राज from Sanskrit राजन् ''rājān'', which means "a king". ; Ramtil : through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit रामतिल ''rāmatila'', which means "a dark sesame". ; Rani : through Hindi रानी ultimately from Sanskrit राज्ञी ''rājnī'', consort of a

raja ''Raja'' (; from , IAST ') is a royal title used for South Asian monarchs. The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being attested f ...

h. ;

Rice Rice is the seed of the grass species '' Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera '' Zizania'' and '' Porteresia'', both wild and domesticat ...

: via Old French ''ris'' and Italian ''riso'' from Latin ''oriza'', which is from Greek ὄρυζα ''oryza'', through an Indo-Iranian tongue finally from Sanskrit व्रीहि ''vrihi'' "rice", ultimately derived from proto-Dravidian ''arisi''. ; Rupee : through Hindi रुपया ''rupiyā'' ultimately from Sanskrit रूप्यक ''rūpyaka'', an Indian silver coin.

S

;

Saccharide In organic chemistry, a carbohydrate () is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where ''m'' may or ma ...

: via Latin Saccharon and Greek σάκχαρον from Pali सक्खर ''sakkharā'', ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा ''sarkarā''. ;

Sambal Sambal is an Indonesian chilli sauce or paste, typically made from a mixture of a variety of chilli peppers with secondary ingredients, such as shrimp paste, garlic, ginger, shallot, scallion, palm sugar, and lime juice. ''Sambal'' is an ...

: through

Afrikaans Afrikaans (, ) is a West Germanic language that evolved in the Dutch Cape Colony from the Dutch vernacular of Holland proper (i.e., the Hollandic dialect) used by Dutch, French, and German settlers and their enslaved people. Afrikaans gra ...

, Indonesian and Tamil சம்பல் ''campāl'' ultimately from Sanskrit सम्बार ''sambhārei''. ; Sambar : through Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit शंबरः ''śambarah'', a kind of

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

deer Deer or true deer are hoofed ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups of deer are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the elk (wapiti), the red deer, and the fallow deer; and the Capreolinae, including the re ...

. ;

Sandalwood Sandalwood is a class of woods from trees in the genus ''Santalum''. The woods are heavy, yellow, and fine-grained, and, unlike many other aromatic woods, they retain their fragrance for decades. Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for us ...

: via

''sandell,''

''sandale,''

''sandalum,''

Medieval Greek Medieval Greek (also known as Middle Greek, Byzantine Greek, or Romaic) is the stage of the Greek language between the end of classical antiquity in the 5th–6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Fall of Co ...

σανδάλιον ''sandalion'' (diminutive of σάνδαλον ''sandalon'') and Arabic and Persian صندل; ultimately from Sanskrit चन्दन ''candana'' meaning "wood for burning incense". ;

Sapphire Sapphire is a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminium oxide () with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, vanadium, or magnesium. The name sapphire is derived via the Latin "sa ...

: via

''saphir,''

''sapphirus'' and

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

σάπφειρος ''sappheiros'' from a Semitic tongue (c.f.

: ספיר sapir); possibly the ultimate origin is Sanskrit शनिप्रिय ''sanipriya'' which literally means "sacred to Saturn (

Shani Shani ( sa, शनि, ), or Shanaishchara ( sa, शनैश्चर, ), refers to the divine personification of the planet Saturn in Hinduism, and is one of the nine heavenly objects (Navagraha) in Hindu astrology. Shani is also a male Hind ...

)". ;

Sari A sari (sometimes also saree or shari)The name of the garment in various regional languages include: * as, শাৰী, xārī, translit-std=ISO * bn, শাড়ি, śāṛi, translit-std=ISO * gu, સાડી, sāḍī, translit-std ...

: through Hindi साड़ी sari and

सदि ''sadi'', finally from Sanskrit सति ''sati'' "garment". ;

Shampoo Shampoo () is a hair care product, typically in the form of a Viscosity, viscous liquid, that is used for cleaning hair. Less commonly, shampoo is available in solid bar format. Shampoo is used by applying it to wet hair, massaging the product ...

: via

Anglo-Indian Anglo-Indian people fall into two different groups: those with mixed Indian and British ancestry, and people of British descent born or residing in India. The latter sense is now mainly historical, but confusions can arise. The '' Oxford English ...

''shampoo'' and Hindi चाँपो ''champo'' from Sanskrit चपयति ''capayati'', which means "kneads". ;

Shawl A shawl (from fa, شال ''shāl'',) is a simple item of clothing from Kashmir, loosely worn over the shoulders, upper body and arms, and sometimes also over the head. It is usually a rectangular or square piece of cloth, which is often folde ...

: from Persian شال ''shal'', finally from Sanskrit शाटी ''śāṭī'', which means "a strip of cloth". ;

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...

: via Malay ''Singapura'' ultimately from Sanskrit सिंहपुर ''simhapura'', literally "the lion city". ; Sri Lanka : from Sanskrit: श्री लंका which means "venerable island". It is said that Shree or Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth, resides there. ; Sugar : through Old French ''sucre,''

''zucchero,'' Medieval Latin ''succarum'', Arabic: سكر ''sukkar'' and Persian: شکر ''shakar'' ultimately from Sanskrit शर्करा ''śarkara'' which means "ground or candied sugar" (originally "grit" or "gravel"). ; Sunn : via Hindi: सुन्न ultimately from Sanskrit: सन ''sāna'', a kind of Asian plant. ;

Swami Swami ( ; sometimes abbreviated sw.) in Hinduism is an honorific title given to a male or female ascetic who has chosen the path of renunciation (''sanyāsa''), or has been initiated into a religious monastic order of Vaishnavas. It is used eit ...

: through Hindi स्वामी ''swami'' ultimately from Sanskrit स्वामी ''svami'', which means "a master". ; Swastika : from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक ''svastika'', which means "one associated with well-being, a lucky charm".

T

;

Taka The Bangladeshi taka ( bn, টাকা, sign: , code: BDT, short form: Tk) is the currency of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. In Unicode, it is encoded at . Issuance of bank notes 10 and larger is controlled by Bangladesh Bank, whil ...

: via Maithili and

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

: টাকা from Sanskrit टङ्क ''tanka''. ; Talipot : through Hindi, Indonesian and Malay ''talipat'' from Sanskrit तालपत्र ''tālapatra'', a kind of

palm Palm most commonly refers to: * Palm of the hand, the central region of the front of the hand * Palm plants, of family Arecaceae **List of Arecaceae genera * Several other plants known as "palm" Palm or Palms may also refer to: Music * Palm (ba ...

. ;

Tank A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engi ...

: a word originally brought by the Portuguese from India, from a Hindi source, such as Gujarati ''tankh'' "cistern, underground reservoir for water", Marathi ''tanken'', or tanka "reservoir of water, tank". Perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit ''tadaga'' "pond, lake pool", and reinforced in later sense of "large artificial container for liquid". ; Tendu : via Hindi ultimately from Sanskrit तैन्दुक ''tainduka''. ; Teapoy : via

तिपाई ''tipāi'' and

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
'' Thug : through Marathi ठग ''thag'' probably ultimately from Sanskrit स्थग ''sthaga'', which means "a scoundrel". ; Til : from Sanskrit तिलः ''tilah'', a kind of plant. ; Toddy : through Hindi तरी ''tari'' ultimately from Sanskrit तल ''tala-s'', a Dravidian origin is also probable. ; Toon : through Hindi तुन ''tūn'' ultimately from Sanskrit तुन्न ''tunna'', a kind of tree. ; Tope : through Hindi टॉप ''ṭop'' probably from Prakrit थुपो ''thūpo'', finally from Sanskrit स्तूप ''stūpa''. ;

Tutty In alchemy, cadmia (Latin for cadmium) is an oxide of zinc (tutty; from ar, توتيا ''tutiya'', via Persian, from Sanskrit तुत्थ ''tuttha'') which collects on the sides of furnaces where copper or brass was smelted, and zinc sublimed. ...

: through Middle English ''tutie,'' Old French, Medieval Latin ''tūtia,'' Arabic توتي ''tūtiyā,'' and Persian توتیا ultimately from Sanskrit तुत्थ ''tuttha'' meaning "blue vitriol", a Dravidian origin is also probable.

V

; Vina : ultimately from Sanskrit वीणा ''vīṇā'' through Hindi वीणा ''vīṇā'', a kind of musical instrument.

W

; Wanderoo : through si, වන්ඩෙරූ finally from Sanskrit वानर ''vānara'', a kind of monkey.

Y

;

Yoga Yoga (; sa, योग, lit=yoke' or 'union ) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and still the mind, recognizing a detached witness-consci ...

: through Sanskrit योग ''yoga-s'', which means "yoke, union". ;

Yogi A yogi is a practitioner of Yoga, including a sannyasin or practitioner of meditation in Indian religions.A. K. Banerjea (2014), ''Philosophy of Gorakhnath with Goraksha-Vacana-Sangraha'', Motilal Banarsidass, , pp. xxiii, 297-299, 331 Th ...

: through

योगी ''yogi'' from Sanskrit योगी ''yogi'', one who practices yoga or ascetic.

Z

;

Zen Zen ( zh, t=禪, p=Chán; ja, text= 禅, translit=zen; ko, text=선, translit=Seon; vi, text=Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty, known as the Chan School (''Chánzong'' 禪宗), and ...

: through

Japanese Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspor ...

禅 and

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...

禪 ''Chán'' ultimately from Pali झान '' jhāna'' and Sanskrit ध्यान '' dhyana'', which means "a meditation".

References

External links

Sanskrit
in Freedictionary.com
Sanskrit
Dictionary containing terms of modern Spoken Sanskrit {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of English Words Of Sanskrit Origin

da:Danske ords etymologi