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This list of Ebola outbreaks records the known occurrences of Ebola virus disease, a highly infectious and acutely lethal Virus, viral disease that has afflicted humans and animals primarily in equatorial Africa. The pathogens responsible for the disease are the five ebolaviruses recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Reston virus (RESTV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV). Four of the five Variant (biology), variants have caused the disease in humans as well as other animals; RESTV has caused clinical symptoms only in non-human primates. RESTV has caused Asymptomatic, subclinical infections in humans, producing an antibody response but no visual symptoms or disease state manifestations.
Transmission of the ''ebolaviruses'' between natural reservoirs and humans is rare, and outbreaks of Ebola virus disease are often traceable to a index case, single case where an individual has handled the carcass of a gorilla, Common chimpanzee, chimpanzee, bats, or duiker. The virus then spreads person-to-person, especially within families, in hospitals, and during some mortuary rituals where contact among individuals becomes more likely.
Learning from failed responses, such as during the 2000 outbreak in Uganda, the World Health Organization (WHO) established its Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, and other public health measures were instituted in areas at high risk. Field laboratories were established to confirm cases, instead of shipping samples to South Africa. Outbreaks are also closely monitored by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Special Pathogens Branch.
Nigeria was the first country in West Africa, western Africa to successfully curtail the virus, and its procedures have served as a model for other countries to follow.
This list of Ebola outbreaks records the known occurrences of Ebola virus disease, a highly infectious and acutely lethal Virus, viral disease that has afflicted humans and animals primarily in equatorial Africa. The pathogens responsible for the disease are the five ebolaviruses recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Reston virus (RESTV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV). Four of the five Variant (biology), variants have caused the disease in humans as well as other animals; RESTV has caused clinical symptoms only in non-human primates. RESTV has caused Asymptomatic, subclinical infections in humans, producing an antibody response but no visual symptoms or disease state manifestations.
Transmission of the ''ebolaviruses'' between natural reservoirs and humans is rare, and outbreaks of Ebola virus disease are often traceable to a index case, single case where an individual has handled the carcass of a gorilla, Common chimpanzee, chimpanzee, bats, or duiker. The virus then spreads person-to-person, especially within families, in hospitals, and during some mortuary rituals where contact among individuals becomes more likely.
Learning from failed responses, such as during the 2000 outbreak in Uganda, the World Health Organization (WHO) established its Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, and other public health measures were instituted in areas at high risk. Field laboratories were established to confirm cases, instead of shipping samples to South Africa. Outbreaks are also closely monitored by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Special Pathogens Branch.
Nigeria was the first country in West Africa, western Africa to successfully curtail the virus, and its procedures have served as a model for other countries to follow.
Events
The information in the following tables comes from the World Health Organization (WHO). This data excludes all laboratory personnel cases, Reston virus cases (since they are all asymptomatic), and suspected cases. For a complete overview, those cases are included below with footnotes and supporting sources.Major or massive cases
Minor or single cases
List of other Filoviridae outbreaks
See also
* Ebola * Ebola River * Globalization and disease * List of epidemicsNotes
References
Further reading
* * {{Authority control 20th-century disease outbreaks 21st-century epidemics Ebola, * Ebola outbreaks, * Health in Africa, Ebola, list