List of Ayyubid rulers on:
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The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the
, son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother of Al-Mansur Muhammad II">al-Mansur II Muhammad), 1310–1332
*Al-Afdal Muhammad, son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.
Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.
The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East
The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...
and North Africa
North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...
in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.
Sultans of Egypt
''See Rulers of Islamic Egypt.'' *Saladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
, son of Ayyub, 1174–1193
* Al-Aziz Uthman, son of Saladin, 1193–1198
* Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad, son of al-Aziz Uthman, 1198–1200
* Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I (al-Adil I), brother of Saladin, 1200–1218
* Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1238
* Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II, son of al-Kamil, 1238–1240
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1240–1249
* Al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
* Al-Ashraf Musa, presumed descendant of Saladin (nominal rule, under Mamluk sultan Aybak), 1250–1254.
Displaced in Egypt by the Mamluk sultanate, ruled briefly by Shajar al-Durr, widow of as-Salih Ayyub, and then Aybak, 1254.
Family Tree of the Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
Sultans and Emirs of Damascus
''See Rulers of Damascus.'' *Saladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
, 1174–1193
* Al-Afdal, son of Saladin, 1193–1196
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1196–1218
* Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227
* An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237
* As-Salih Ismail
As-Salih Ismail may refer to:
*As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus, the Ayyubid ruler of Damascus in the mid-13th century
*As-Salih Ismail, Sultan of Egypt, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt between 1342 and 1345
*As-Salih Ismail al-Malik
As-Salih Isma ...
, son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238
* Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1238
* Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239
* As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1239
* As-Salih Ismail
As-Salih Ismail may refer to:
*As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus, the Ayyubid ruler of Damascus in the mid-13th century
*As-Salih Ismail, Sultan of Egypt, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt between 1342 and 1345
*As-Salih Ismail al-Malik
As-Salih Isma ...
(second rule), 1239–1245
* As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249
* Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
* An-Nasir Yusuf
An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236 ...
, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.
Takeover by Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
, and then Mamluks
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.
Family Tree of the Rulers of Damascus
Emirs of Aleppo
''SeeRulers of Aleppo
The rulers of Aleppo ruled as kings, emirs and sultans of the city and its surrounding region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad. Muslim rule of the city end ...
.''
* Saladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
, 1183–1193
* Az-Zahir Ghazi, son of Saladin, 1193–1216
* Al-Aziz Muhammad, son of az-Zahir Ghazi, 1216–1236
* An-Nasir Yusuf
An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236 ...
, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1236–1260.
Takeover by Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
, and then Mamluks
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.
Emirs of Baalbek
''See Baalbek, Middle Ages.'' * Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed bySaladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
, 1175–1178
*Turan-Shah
Shams ad-Din Turanshah ibn Ayyub al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Shams ad-Dawla Fakhr ad-Din known simply as Turanshah ( ar, توران شاه بن أيوب) (died 27 June 1180) was the Ayyubid emir (prince) of Yemen (1174–1176), Damascus (1176–1179), Ba ...
, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179
* Farrukh Shah, nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182
* Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237
*As-Salih Ismail
As-Salih Ismail may refer to:
*As-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus, the Ayyubid ruler of Damascus in the mid-13th century
*As-Salih Ismail, Sultan of Egypt, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt between 1342 and 1345
*As-Salih Ismail al-Malik
As-Salih Isma ...
, brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246
* Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249
* Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
*An-Nasir Yusuf
An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236 ...
, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.
Takeover by Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
, and then Mamluks
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.
Emirs of Hama
''See Hama, Muslim Rule.'' * Al-Muzaffar I Umar, son ofNur ad-Din Shahanshah
Nur may refer to:
In Islam
* An-Nur, one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "The Light".
* Nūr (Islam), a concept, literally meaning "light"
* An-Nur (The Light), the 24th chapter of the Qur'an
* '' Risale-i Nur Collection'', a collection o ...
(brother of Saladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
), 1178–1191
* Al-Mansur I Muhammad
Al-Mansur I Muhammad was the Ayyubid emir of Hama, son of Al Muzaffar Taqi ad-Din Umar and grandson of Nur ad-Din Shahanshah, brother of Saladin and Al-Adil. He ruled from 1191–1219.
Accession
On the death of his father Taqi ad-Din Umar at ...
, son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221
* Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan
Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan (also known as Kilij Arslan and Kiliç Arslan) was the Ayyubid emir of Hama from 1221 to 1229 (617AH–626AH). He was the son of al-Mansur I Muhammad and the younger brother of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud. The name Kilij Arslan ...
, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229
* Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud
Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud was the Ayyubid emir of Hama first in 1219 (616 AH) and then restored in 1229–1244 (626 AH–642 AH). He was the son of al-Mansur Muhammad and the older brother of al-Nasir Kilij Arslan.
Usurpation
In 1219, al-Mansur ca ...
, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244
* Al-Mansur II Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284
* assals to Mamluk sultans after 1260*Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud
Al Muzaffar III Mahmud was the Ayyubid emir of Hama from 1284–1300. He was the son of Al-Mansur Muhammad II whom he succeeded. Hama was at this time a tributary emirate of the Mamluk Sultanate.
Biography
Al Muzaffar took part in the siege o ...
, son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299
* uled_by_emirs_of_Mamluk_sultan_uled_by_emirs_of_Mamluk_sultan_al-Nasir_Muhammad,_1299–1310">al-Nasir_Muhammad.html"_;"title="uled_by_emirs_of_Mamluk_sultan_al-Nasir_Muhammad">uled_by_emirs_of_Mamluk_sultan_ uled_by_emirs_of_Mamluk_sultan_al-Nasir_Muhammad,_1299–1310">al-Nasir_Muhammad.html"_;"title="uled_by_emirs_of_Mamluk_sultan_al-Nasir_Muhammad">uled_by_emirs_of_Mamluk_sultan_al-Nasir_Muhammad,_1299–1310*Abu'l-Fida">Abu_al-Fida_
Ismāʿīl_b._ʿAlī_b._Maḥmūd_b._Muḥammad_b._ʿUmar_b._Shāhanshāh_b._Ayyūb_b._Shādī_b._Marwān_(_ar,_إسماعيل_بن_علي_بن_محمود_بن_محمد_بن_عمر_بن_شاهنشاه_بن_أيوب_بن_شادي_بن_مروان_...
,_son_of_Malik_ul-Afdal_(brother_of_Al-Mansur_Muhammad_II.html" ;"title="al-Nasir_Muhammad,_1299–1310*Abu'l-Fida.html" "title="al-Nasir_Muhammad,_1299–1310.html" ;"title="al-Nasir_Muhammad.html" ;"title="uled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad">uled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, 1299–1310">al-Nasir_Muhammad.html" ;"title="uled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad">uled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, 1299–1310*Abu'l-Fida">Abu al-Fida
Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. Shāhanshāh b. Ayyūb b. Shādī b. Marwān ( ar, إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان ...Emirs of Homs
''See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.'' *Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
Nasr ad-Din Abu Abdallah Muhammad ibn Asad ad-Din Shirkuh (sometimes referred to as Nasr ad-Din ibn Shirkuh and al-Malik al-Qahir)Ibn Khallikan’s Biographical Dictionary Vol 1, Cosimo Inc. 2010 p.627 was the Kurdish Ayyubid emir of Homs from 1 ...
, son of Shirkuh (uncle of Saladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
), 1178–1186
* Al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240
* Al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 ( Homs), 1248–1260 (Tell Bashir Turbessel ( syr, Tel Bshir, ar, Tell Bāshir or , hy, Թլպաշար, translit=Tʿlpašar, tr, Tilbeşar or ) is a fortress and Bronze Age tumulus in south-eastern Turkey, near the village of Gündoğan in the district of Oğuzeli, within Gazia ...
)
*An-Nasir Yusuf
An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236 ...
, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260
* Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263.
Directly ruled by Mamluks
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.
Emirs of Hisn Kaifa
''See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.'' * As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239 * Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249 * Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah, son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294 * Kamil Ahmad I, 1294–1325 * Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad, 1325–1328 * Adil Shahab ad-Din, 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367) * Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I, 1349–1378 * Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I, 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424) * Ashraf Sharaf ad Din, 1432–1433 * Salih Salah ad-Din, 1433–1452 * Kamil Ahmad II, 1452–1455 * Adil Khalif, 1455–1462 * Salih Khalil II, 1482–1511 * Adil Sulayman II, 1511–1514 *Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520 * Malik Hussayn, 1520–1521 *Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524. Takeover by theOttoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...
in 1524.
Emirs of al-Karak
Also referred to as governors of Transjordan.Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., ''A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311'', The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814 ''See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.'' *Saladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
, 1188
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
*Al-Mu'azzam Isa
() (1176 – 1227) was the Ayyubid emir of Damascus from 1218 to 1227. The son of Sultan al-Adil I and nephew of Saladin, founder of the dynasty, al-Mu'azzam was installed by his father as governor of Damascus in 1198 or 1200. After his father's ...
, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
* An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa
() (1176 – 1227) was the Ayyubid emir of Damascus from 1218 to 1227. The son of Sultan al-Adil I and nephew of Saladin, founder of the dynasty, al-Mu'azzam was installed by his father as governor of Damascus in 1198 or 1200. After his father's ...
, 1229–1249
* Al-Mughith 'Umar, son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.
Taken by Mamluks
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.
Emirs of Diyar Bakr
''SeeDiyar Bakr
Diyar Bakr ( ar, دِيَارُ بَكرٍ, Diyār Bakr, abode of Bakr) is the medieval Arabic name of the northernmost of the three provinces of the Jazira ( Upper Mesopotamia), the other two being Diyar Mudar and Diyar Rabi'a. According to th ...
.''
*Saladin
Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سهلاحهدین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt an ...
, 1185–1193
* Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200
*Al-Awhad Ayyub
Al-Malik al-Awhad Najm ad-Din Ayyub ibn al-Adil Abu Bakr ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub (died 1210) was the third Ayyubid emir (prince) of the Diyarbakir emirate, centered in Mayyafariqin, between 1200-1210 CE. He was the fourth eldest son of Sultan al-Ad ...
, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210
* Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220
*Al-Muzaffar Ghazi
Al-Malik al-Muzaffar Shihab ad-Din Ghazi ibn al-Adil Abu Bakr ibn Najm ad-Din Ayyub was the Ayyubid ruler of Mayyafariqin (1220–1247). Al Muzaffar Ghazi was one of the sons of the Sultan Al-Adil, who ruled minor Ayyubid states in the Middle Eas ...
, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244
* Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.
Taken by Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
in 1260.
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz
''See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.'' *Turan-Shah
Shams ad-Din Turanshah ibn Ayyub al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Shams ad-Dawla Fakhr ad-Din known simply as Turanshah ( ar, توران شاه بن أيوب) (died 27 June 1180) was the Ayyubid emir (prince) of Yemen (1174–1176), Damascus (1176–1179), Ba ...
, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
* Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
* Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
* An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
* Al-Muzaffar Sulayman, son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215
* Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.
Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.
Emirs of Banyas
''See Banyas.'' * Al-Aziz 'Uthman, son of al-Adil I 1218–1232. * Al-Zahir Ghazi, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232. * Al-Sa'id Hasan, son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247. * As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil (dependency of Egypt) 1247–1249. *An-Nasir Yusuf
An-Nasir Yusuf ( ar, الناصر يوسف; AD 1228–1260), fully al-Malik al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn al-Aziz ibn al-Zahir ibn Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shazy (), was the Ayyubid Emir of Syria from his seat in Aleppo (1236 ...
, son of al-Aziz Muhammad (dependency of Damascus) 1250-?.
* Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz (second reign; d. 658) 1260–1260.
References
Sources
* * * * {{Ayyubid dynasty Ayyubid dynasty Ayyubid Ayyubid dynasty