This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime from January 1, 1601, to December 31, 1700. It should also only mention leaders who have been mentioned in other articles and lists.

Buddhism

Dalai Lama Dalai Lama (, ; ) is a title given by the Tibetan people to the foremost spiritual leader of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest and most dominant of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The 14th and current D ...

of the Gelug (Yellow Hat sect) – :* Yonten Gyatso, 4th Dalai Lama (?–1617) :*

Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (; ; 1617–1682) was the 5th Dalai Lama and the first Dalai Lama to wield effective temporal and spiritual power over all Tibet. He is often referred to simply as the Great Fifth, being a key religious and temporal leader ...

, 5th Dalai Lama (1618–1682) :* Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (1688–1706) *

Panchen Lama The Panchen Lama () is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. Panchen Lama is one of the most important figures in the Gelug tradition, with its spiritual authority second only to Dalai Lama. Along with the council of high lamas, ...

of the Gelug (Yellow Hat sect) – :* Lobsang Chökyi Gyalsten, Panchen Lama (1570–1662) :* Lobsang Yeshe, Panchen Lama (1663–1737) *Tibetan Buddhism, Mongolia – :*Zanabazar Öndur gegeen Luvsadambiyjaltsan, (1635–1723) * Sakya sect – :*Duchod Labrangpa Jamgon Kunga, Throne holder (1685–1711)

Christianity

Catholicism

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

( complete list) - :*

Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII ( la, Clemens VIII; it, Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death in March 1605. Bor ...

Pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...

(1592–1605) :*

Leo XI Pope Leo XI ( it, Leone XI; 2 June 153527 April 1605), born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 April 1605 to his death in April 1605. His pontificate is one of the briefest in hi ...

(1605) :*

Paul V Pope Paul V ( la, Paulus V; it, Paolo V) (17 September 1550 – 28 January 1621), born Camillo Borghese, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 16 May 1605 to his death in January 1621. In 1611, he honored ...

(1605–1621) :* Gregory XV,

(1621–1623) :*

Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII ( la, Urbanus VIII; it, Urbano VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death in July 1644. As p ...

(1623–1644) :* Innocent X,

(1644–1655) :*

Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII ( it, Alessandro VII; 13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death in May 1667. He began his career as a vice-papal legate, an ...

(1655–1667) :*

Clement IX Pope Clement IX ( la, Clemens IX; it, Clemente IX; 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 20 June 1667 to his death in December 1669. Biography Ear ...

(1667–1669) :*

Clement X Pope Clement X ( la, Clemens X; it, Clemente X; 13 July 1590 – 22 July 1676), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 April 1670 to his death in July 1676. Elected pope at a ...

(1670–1676) :*

Innocent XI Pope Innocent XI ( la, Innocentius XI; it, Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 to his death on August 12, 1689. Poli ...

(1676–1689) :*

Alexander VIII Pope Alexander VIII ( it, Alessandro VIII; 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 October 1689 to his death in February 1691. He is to date the la ...

(1689–1691) :*

Innocent XII Pope Innocent XII ( la, Innocentius XII; it, Innocenzo XII; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1691 to his death in September 1700. H ...

(1691–1700) :*

Clement XI Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

(1700–1721)

Eastern Orthodoxy

Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople ( el, Οἰκουμενικὸν Πατριαρχεῖον Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, translit=Oikoumenikón Patriarkhíon Konstantinoupóleos, ; la, Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constanti ...

, the

first among equals ''Primus inter pares'' is a Latin phrase meaning first among equals. It is typically used as an honorary title for someone who is formally equal to other members of their group but is accorded unofficial respect, traditionally owing to their se ...

Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonic ...

( complete list) – :* Matthew II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1596, 1598–1602, 1603) :* Neophytus II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1602–1603) :* Raphael II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1603–1607) :*Neophytus II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1607–1612), restored :* Cyril I Lucaris, acting Ecumenical Patriarch (1612) :* Timothy II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1612–1620) :*Cyril I Lucaris, Ecumenical Patriarch (1620–1623), restored 1st time :* Gregory IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1623) :* Anthimus II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1623) :*Cyril I Lucaris, Ecumenical Patriarch (1623–1633), restored 2nd time :* Cyril II Kontares, Ecumenical Patriarch (1633) :*Cyril I Lucaris, Ecumenical Patriarch (1633–1634), restored 3rd time :* Athanasius III Patelaros, Ecumenical Patriarch (1634) :*Cyril I Lucaris, Ecumenical Patriarch (1634–1635), restored 4th time :*Cyril II Kontares, Ecumenical Patriarch (1635–1636), restored 1st time :* Neophytus III of Nicea, Ecumenical Patriarch (1636–1637) :*Cyril I Lucaris, Ecumenical Patriarch (1637–1638) restored 5th time :*Cyril II Kontares, Ecumenical Patriarch (1638–1639), restored 2nd time :* Parthenius I, Ecumenical Patriarch (1639–1644) :* Parthenius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1644–1646) :* Joannicius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1646–1648) :*Parthenius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1648–1651), restored :*Joannicius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1651–1652), restored 1st time :* Cyril III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1652–1652) :*Athanasius III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1652), restored :*

Paisius I Paisius I (? – c. 1688) was a two-time Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (August 1, 1652 – April 1653, March 1654 – March 1655). He was previously Bishop of Ephesus and Metropolis of Larissa and Tyrnavos, Larissa.Dates selon Venance Gr ...

, Ecumenical Patriarch (1652–1653） :*Joannicius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1653–1654), restored 2nd time :*Cyril III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1654), restored :*Joannicius II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1655–1656), restored 3rd time :* Parthenius III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1656–1657) :* Gabriel II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1657) :* Parthenius IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1657–1659) :* Theophanes II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1659) :*''vacant'', Ecumenical Patriarch (1659–1662) :* Dionysius III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1662–1665) :*Parthenius IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1665–1667), restored 1st time :* Clement, Ecumenical Patriarch (1667) :* Methodius III, Ecumenical Patriarch (1668–1671) :*Parthenius IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1671), restored 2nd time :* Dionysius IV Muselimes, Ecumenical Patriarch (the Muslim), Ecumenical Patriarch (1671–1673) :* Gerasimus II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1673–1674) :*Parthenius IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1675–1676) restored 3rd time :*Dionysius IV Muselimes (the Muslim), Ecumenical Patriarch (1676–1679), restored 1st time :* Athanasius IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1679) :* James, Ecumenical Patriarch (1679–1682) :*Dionysius IV Muselimes (the Muslim), Ecumenical Patriarch (1682–1684), restored 2nd time :*Parthenius IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1684–1685) restored 4th time :*James, Ecumenical Patriarch (1685–1686), restored 1st time :*Dionysius IV Muselimes (the Muslim), Ecumenical Patriarch (1686–1687), restored 3rd time :*James, Ecumenical Patriarch (1687–1688), restored 2nd time :* Callinicus II, Ecumenical Patriarch (1688, 1689–1693, 1694–1702) :* Neophytus IV, Ecumenical Patriarch (1688) :*Dionysius IV Muselimes (the Muslim), Ecumenical Patriarch (1693–1694), restored 4th time *

Patriarchate of Alexandria The Patriarch of Alexandria is the archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt. Historically, this office has included the designation "pope" (etymologically "Father", like "Abbot"). The Alexandrian episcopate was revered as one of the three major episco ...

- :* Gerasimos II, Pope and Patriarch (1688–1710) *

Patriarchate of Antioch Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the bishop of Antioch (modern-day Antakya, Turkey). As the traditional "overseer" (ἐπίσκοπος, ''episkopos'', from which the word ''bishop'' is derived) of the first gentile Christian c ...

- :* Athanasios III (1st time), Patriarch (1686–1694) :* Athanasios III, Patriarch (1720–1724) * Patriarchate of Jerusalem - :* Dositheos II, Patriarch (1669–1707) *

Russian Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...

( complete list) - :* Adrian I, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (1690–1700) :* Trifily of Krutitsy, Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia (1700–1701) *

Serbian Orthodox Church The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian denomination, Christian churches. The majori ...

- :* Jovan Kantul,

Serbian Patriarch This article lists the heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, since the establishment of the church as an autocephalous archbishopric in 1219 to today's patriarchate. The list includes all the archbishops and patriarchs that led the Serbian Ortho ...

(1592–1613) :* Pajsije Janjevac,

(1614–1647) :* Gavrilo I,

(1648–1655) :* Maksim I,

(1655–1674) :*

Arsenije III Crnojević Arsenije III Crnojević ( sr-cyr, Арсеније III Црнојевић; 1633 – 27 October 1706) was the Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1674 to his death in 1706. In 1689, during the Habsburg-Ottoman War (1683–1699), he side ...

(1674–1706), after 1690 in

Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...

:* Kalinik I Skopljanac,

(1691–1710) *

- :*

(1674–1706), since 1690 in

Romanian Orthodox Church The Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC; ro, Biserica Ortodoxă Română, ), or Patriarchate of Romania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian churches, and one of the nine patriarchates ...

- :* Theodosios, Metropolitan of Hungaro-Walachia (1679–1708) *

Bulgarian Orthodox Church The Bulgarian Orthodox Church ( bg, Българска православна църква, translit=Balgarska pravoslavna tsarkva), legally the Patriarchate of Bulgaria ( bg, Българска патриаршия, links=no, translit=Balgars ...

- :* Theodosios, Metropolitan of Turnovo (1697–?) *

Georgian Orthodox Church The Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალური მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია, tr), commonly ...

- :* Ioan VII, Catholicos-Patriarch of Iberia (1696–1700) :* Evdemoz II, Catholicos-Patriarch of Iberia (1700–1703) *

Orthodox Church of Cyprus The Church of Cyprus ( el, Ἐκκλησία τῆς Κύπρου, translit=Ekklisia tis Kyprou; tr, Kıbrıs Kilisesi) is one of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox churches that together with other Eastern Orthodox churches form the communion ...

- :* Germanos II, Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cypru (1694–1705) * Orthodox Church of Greece - :* Kyrillos II, Metropolitan of Athens (1699–1703) *

Albanian Orthodox Church The Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Albania ( sq, Kisha Ortodokse Autoqefale e Shqipërisë), commonly known as the Albanian Orthodox Church or the Orthodox Church of Albania, is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church. It declared its autoce ...

- :*

Kosmas Cosmas or Kosmas is a Greek name ( grc-gre, Κοσμᾶς), from Ancient Greek Κοσμᾶς (Kosmâs), associated with the noun κόσμος (kósmos), meaning " universe", and the verb κοσμέω (to order, govern, adorn) linked to propr ...

, Metropolitan of Durrë (1694–1702) * Orthodox Church of Mount Sinai - :* Ioannikios I, Archbishop of Sinai (1671–1702) * Ukrainian Orthodox Church - :* Varlaam I, Metropolitan of Kiev (1690–1707) * Orthodox Church of Macedonia - :* Raphail, Archbishop of Ohrid (1699–1702)

Oriental Orthodoxy

Armenian Apostolic Church , native_name_lang = hy , icon = Armenian Apostolic Church logo.svg , icon_width = 100px , icon_alt = , image = Էջմիածնի_Մայր_Տաճար.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , a ...

- :* Nahapet I, Catholicose of All Armenian (1691–1705) :* Eremia II, Catholicose of Aluank' (1676–1701) *

- :* Matevos I, Catholicose of Cilicia (1694–1705) *

Coptic Orthodox Church The Coptic Orthodox Church ( cop, Ϯⲉⲕ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ, translit=Ti.eklyseya en.remenkimi en.orthodoxos, lit=the Egyptian Orthodox Church; ar, الكنيسة القبطي� ...

- :* Gabriel VIII, Pope and Patriarch (1587–1603) :*''vacant'' (1603–1610) :*

Mark V Mark V or Mark 5 often refers to the fifth version of a product, frequently military hardware. "Mark", meaning "model" or "variant", can be abbreviated "Mk." Mark V or Mark 5 can specifically refer to: In technology In military and weaponry * B ...

, Pope and Patriarch (1610–1621) :* John XV, Pope and Patriarch (1621–1631) :* Matthew III, Pope and Patriarch (1631–1645) :* Mark VI, Pope and Patriarch (1645–1660) :* Matthew IV, Pope and Patriarch (1660–1676) :* John XVI, Pope and Patriarch (1676–1718) *

Ethiopian Church The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church ( am, የኢትዮጵያ ኦርቶዶክስ ተዋሕዶ ቤተ ክርስቲያን, ''Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan'') is the largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches. One of the few Chris ...

- :* Petros, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1599?–1607) :* Simon, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1608–1617) :* Afonso Mendes (1622–1632), Catholic Patriarch, supported by

Susenyos I Susenyos I ( gez, ሱስንዮስ ; circa 1571-1575 – 17 September 1632), also known as Susenyos the Catholic, was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1606 to 1632, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne names were Seltan Sagad and Malak Saga ...

and deposed by

Fasilides Fasilides ( Ge'ez: ፋሲልደስ; ''Fāsīladas''; 20 November 1603 – 18 October 1667), also known as Fasil, Basilide, or Basilides (as in the works of Edward Gibbon), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1632 to his death on 18 October 1667, and a ...

:* ''vacant'' (1632–1633) :* Rezek, Metropolitan of Ethiopia ( 1634) :* Marqos ( 1635–1672) and Krestodolos II ( 1640–1672), both serving as Metropolitans of Ethiopia :* Sinoda, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1672–1687) :* ''vacant'' (1687–1689) :* Marqos, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1689–late 17th century) :* Marqos X, Metropolitan of Ethiopia (1694–1716) *

Syriac Orthodox Church , native_name_lang = syc , image = St_George_Syriac_orthodox_church_in_Damascus.jpg , imagewidth = 250 , alt = Cathedral of Saint George , caption = Cathedral of Saint George, Damascus ...

- :* Ignatius George II, Patriarch of Antioch and All the East (1687–1708)

Protestantism

Lutheran

Swedish Church The Church of Sweden ( sv, Svenska kyrkan) is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden. A former state church, headquartered in Uppsala, with around 5.6 million members at year end 2021, it is the largest Christian denomination in Sweden ...

- :* Olaus Swebilius, Archbishop of Uppsala (1681–1700) :* Eric Benzelius, Archbishop of Uppsala (1700–1709)

Anglicanism

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Brit ...

:*Formal leadership:

Supreme Governor of the Church of England The supreme governor of the Church of England is the titular head of the Church of England, a position which is vested in the British monarch. Queen and Church > Queen and Church of England">The Monarchy Today > Queen and State > Queen and Chur ...

( complete list) – ::*

Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Elizabeth was the last of the five House of Tudor monarchs and is sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen". Eli ...

, Supreme Governor (1559–1603) ::*

James I James I may refer to: People *James I of Aragon (1208–1276) *James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327) *James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu *James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347) *James I of Cyprus (1334–13 ...

, Supreme Governor (1603–1625) ::*

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

, Supreme Governor (1625–1649) ::*

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three ...

, Supreme Governor (1653–1658) ::*

Richard Cromwell Richard Cromwell (4 October 162612 July 1712) was an English statesman who was the second and last Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and son of the first Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell. On his father's deat ...

, Supreme Governor (1658–1659) ::* Charles II, Supreme Governor (1660–1685) ::* James II, Supreme Governor (1685–1688) ::*

Mary II Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. Mary was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, and his first wife A ...

, co-Supreme Governor (1689–1694) ::* William III, co-Supreme Governor (1689–1694), Supreme Governor (1694–1702) :*Effective leadership:

Archbishops of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Just ...

( complete list) – ::*

John Whitgift John Whitgift (c. 1530 – 29 February 1604) was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1583 to his death. Noted for his hospitality, he was somewhat ostentatious in his habits, sometimes visiting Canterbury and other towns attended by a retinue of 8 ...

, Archbishop (1583–1604) ::*

Richard Bancroft Richard Bancroft (1544 – 2 November 1610) was an English churchman, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1604 to 1610 and "chief overseer" of the King James Bible. Life Bancroft was born in September 1544 at Farnworth, now part of Widnes, Ch ...

, Archbishop (1604–1610) ::* George Abbot, Archbishop (1611–1633) ::*

William Laud William Laud (; 7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was a bishop in the Church of England. Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I in 1633, Laud was a key advocate of Charles I's religious reforms, he was arrested by Parliament in 1640 ...

, Archbishop (1633–1645) ::*

William Juxon William Juxon (1582 – 4 June 1663) was an English churchman, Bishop of London from 1633 to 1646 and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1660 until his death. Life Education Juxon was the son of Richard Juxon and was born probably in Chichester, ...

, Archbishop (1660–1663) ::*

Gilbert Sheldon Gilbert Sheldon (19 June 1598 – 9 November 1677) was an English religious leader who served as the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1663 until his death. Early life Sheldon was born in Stanton, Staffordshire in the parish of Ellastone, on 19 J ...

, Archbishop (1663–1677) ::*

William Sancroft William Sancroft (30 January 161724 November 1693) was the 79th Archbishop of Canterbury, and was one of the Seven Bishops imprisoned in 1688 for seditious libel against King James II, over his opposition to the king's Declaration of Indul ...

, Archbishop (1678–1690) ::*

John Tillotson John Tillotson (October 1630 – 22 November 1694) was the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury from 1691 to 1694. Curate and rector Tillotson was the son of a Puritan clothier at Haughend, Sowerby, Yorkshire. Little is known of his early youth ...

, Archbishop (1691–1694) ::*

Thomas Tenison Thomas Tenison (29 September 163614 December 1715) was an English church leader, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1694 until his death. During his primacy, he crowned two British monarchs. Life He was born at Cottenham, Cambridgeshire, the son a ...

, Archbishop (1695–1715)

Other Christian or Christian-derived faiths

Assyrian Church of the East The Assyrian Church of the East,, ar, كنيسة المشرق الآشورية sometimes called Church of the East, officially the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East,; ar, كنيسة المشرق الآشورية الرسول� ...

, line 1 - :* Eliyya X Yohannan Marogin, Patriarch (1660–1700) :* Eliyya XI Marogin, Patriarch (1700–1722) *

, line 2 - :* Shimoun XIII Dinkha, Patriarch (1692–1700) :* Shimoun XIV Sleman, Patriarch (1700–1740)

Islam

Sunni

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

, ( complete list) - :*

Mehmed III Mehmed III (, ''Meḥmed-i sālis''; tr, III. Mehmed; 26 May 1566 – 22 December 1603) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603. Mehmed was known for ordering the execution of his brothers and leading the army in the L ...

, Caliph (1595–1603) :*

Ahmed I Ahmed I ( ota, احمد اول '; tr, I. Ahmed; 18 April 1590 – 22 November 1617) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617. Ahmed's reign is noteworthy for marking the first breach in the Ottoman tradition of royal f ...

, Caliph (1603–1617) :*

Mustafa I Mustafa I (; ‎; 1600, Constantinople – 20 January 1639, Constantinople), called Mustafa the Saint (Veli Mustafa) during his second reign, and often called Mustafa the Mad (Deli Mustafa) by historians, was the son of Sultan Mehmed III and ...

, Caliph (1617–1618, 1622–1623) :*

Osman II Osman II ( ota, عثمان ثانى ''‘Osmān-i sānī''; tr, II. Osman; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), also known as Osman the Young ( tr, Genç Osman), was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 26 February 1618 until his regicide on 20 May 162 ...

, Caliph (1618–1622) :* Murad IV, Caliph (1623–1640) :* Ibrahim I, Caliph (1640–1648) :*

Mehmed IV Mehmed IV ( ota, محمد رابع, Meḥmed-i rābi; tr, IV. Mehmed; 2 January 1642 – 6 January 1693) also known as Mehmed the Hunter ( tr, Avcı Mehmed) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687. He came to the throne at the a ...

, Caliph (1648–1687) :* Suleiman II, Caliph (1687–1691) :*

Ahmed II Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

, Caliph (1691–1695) :*

Mustafa II Mustafa II (; ota, مصطفى ثانى ''Muṣṭafā-yi sānī''; 6 February 1664 – 29 December 1703) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1695 to 1703. Early life He was born at Edirne Palace on 6 February 1664. He was the son of Sulta ...

, Caliph (1695–1703)

Shia

* Twelver Islam :*Imams ( complete list) – ::*

Muhammad al-Mahdi Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī ( ar, محمد بن الحسن المهدي) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and just ...

, Imam (874–present) Shia belief holds that he was hidden by Allah in 874. *

Nizari Isma'ilism The Nizaris ( ar, النزاريون, al-Nizāriyyūn, fa, نزاریان, Nezāriyān) are the largest segment of the Ismaili Muslims, who are the second-largest branch of Shia Islam after the Twelvers. Nizari teachings emphasize independent ...

( complete list) – :* Khalilullah I, Imam (1574–1634) :* Nur ad-Dahr, Imam (1634–1671) :* Khalilullah II Ali, Imam (1671–1680) :* Shah Nizar II, Imam (1680–1722) *

Zaidiyyah Zaydism (''h'') is a unique branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. In contrast to other Shia Muslims of Twelver Shi'ism and Isma'ilism, Zaydis, ...

( complete list) – :*

al-Mansur al-Qasim Al-Mansur al-Qasim (November 13, 1559 – February 19, 1620), with the cognomen ''al-Kabir'' (the Great), was an Imam of Yemen, who commenced the struggle to liberate Yemen from the Ottoman occupiers. He was the founder of a Zaidi kingdom that e ...

, Imam (1597–1620) :*

al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad (1582 – September 1644) was an Imam of Yemen (1620–1644), son of Al-Mansur al-Qasim. He managed to expel the Ottoman Turks entirely from the Yemenite lands, thus confirming an independent Zaidi state. Succeeding to the im ...

, Imam (1620–1644) :*

al-Mutawakkil Isma'il Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il (c. 1610 – 15 August 1676) was an Imam of Yemen who ruled the country from 1644 until 1676. He was a son of Al-Mansur al-Qasim. His rule saw the biggest territorial expansion of the Zaidiyyah imamate in Greater Yemen. Ear ...

, Imam (1644–1676) :*

al-Mahdi Ahmad Al-Mahdi Ahmad (1633 – July 10, 1681) was an Imam of Yemen, who ruled in 1676–1681. He belonged to the Qasimid family that was descended from Muhammad. Struggle for the imamate Ahmad was a son of al-Hasan bin al-Qasim (d. 1639), a bro ...

, Imam (1676–1681) :*

al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad II Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad II (1634 – April 27, 1686) was an Imam of Yemen who ruled from 1681 to 1686. He belonged to the Qasimid family which descended from the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and dominated the Zaidi imamate in 1597–1962. Muhammad was a ...

, Imam (1681–1686) :*

al-Mahdi Muhammad Al-Mahdi Muhammad bin Ahmed (October 27, 1637 – August 2, 1718), also known as ''Ṣāḥib al-Mawāhib'', was an Imam of Yemen who ruled in 1689–1718. He belonged to the Qasimid family that was descended from the Islamic prophet Muhamm ...

, Imam (1687–1718) * Mumini ( complete list) – :* Sadr al-Din Muhammad bin Haydar, Imam (1586–1622) :* Mu'in al-Din bin Sadr al-Din, Imam (1622–1644) :* Atiyyat Allah bin Muin al-Din, Imam (1644–1663) :* Aziz Shah bin Atiyyat Allah, Imam (1663–1691) :* Mu'in al-Din II bin 'Aziz Shah, Imam (1691–1715) *

Dawoodi Bohra The Dawoodi Bohras are a religious denomination within the Ismā'īlī branch of Shia Islam. Their largest numbers reside in India, Pakistan, Yemen, East Africa, and the Middle East, with a growing presence across Europe, North America, South ...

( complete list) – :*

Dawood Bin Qutubshah Syedna Dawood Bin Qutubshah (born 23 Rabi-Ul-Awwal 946 AH/8 August 1539; died 15 Jumadil Akhir 1021 AH/1612 AD, Ahmedabad, India) was the 27th ''Da'i al-Mutlaq'' (Absolute Missionary) of the Dawoodi Bohra sect of Musta‘lī Islam. He succeed ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1591–1612) :*

Sheikh Adam Safiuddin Syedna Sheikh Adam Safiuddin (died on 7 Rajab 1030 AH AH/1622 AD; born on 6th Jumad-il-Akhar nknown year Ahmedabad, India) was the 28th ''Da'i al-Mutlaq'' (Absolute Missionary) of the Tayyibi sect of Musta‘lī Islam. He succeeded the 27t ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1612–1622) :*

Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin Syedna Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin (died 2 Rabi-ul-Awwal 1041 AH/1633 AD; born 8 Safar-ul-Muzaffar 972 AH/15 September 1564 AD, Ahmedabad, India) was the 29th ''Da'i al-Mutlaq'' of the Dawoodi Bohra. He succeeded the 28th Dai, Syedna Sheikh Adam Saf ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1622–1633) :*

Ali Shamshuddin Bin Moulai Hasan Syedna Ali Shamsuddin bin Maulaya Hasan was the 30th Dai of the Dawoodi Bohras (died 25 Rabi-ul-akhir 1042 AH or 1634 AD, Yemen). He succeeded the 29th Dai Syedna Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin Syedna Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin (died 2 Rabi-ul-Awwal 104 ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1633–1634) :*

Kasim Khan Zainuddin Syedna Qasim-Khan Zainuddin was the 31st Dai of the Dawoodi Bohra, Dawoodi Bohras (died on 23 Jumadil Akhir 1054/56 AH/August 25(?) 1646 CE in Ahmedabad, India). He succeeded the 30th Dai Syedna Ali Shams al-Din IV, Ali Shamsuddin to the religiou ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1634–1646) :*

Qutubuddin Shaheed Syedna Qutub Khan Qutbuddin as-Shaheed ( ar, سيّدنا قُطب خان قُطبُ الدِّين الشهيد, lit=Qutub Khan, the Axis of Faith, the Martyred) was the 32nd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra. He succeeded Kasim Khan Zainuddi ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1646–1648) :* Feer Khan Shujauddin, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1648–1657) :*

Ismail Badruddin I Syedna Ismail Badruddin (I) Bin Maulaya Raj (died on 23rd Jumada al-Akhirah 1085 AH/1676 AD, Jamnagar, India) was the 34th Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras. He succeeded the 33rd Da'i Syedna Feer Khan Shujauddin to the religious post. Syedn ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1657–1676) :*

Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin II Syedna Abduttayyeb Zakiuddin II (died on 12 Zil Qa'dah 1110 AH/1692 AD, Jamnagar, India) was the 35th Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras. He succeeded the 34th Dai Syedna Ismail Badruddin I to the religious post. Syedna Zakiuddin became Da'i ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1676–1692) :*

Musa Kalimuddin Syedna Musa Kalimuddin Bin Syedna Zakiuddin (died on 22 Rabi ul Akhir 1122 AH/June 20, 1710/1711), Jamnagar, India) was the 36th ''Da'i al-Mutlaq'' (Absolute Missionary) of the Dawoodi Bohra sect of Islam. He succeeded the 35th Da'i Syedna Abd ...

, Da'i al-Mutlaq (1692–1711)

Judaism and related

*Western Europe – :* Menasseh Ben Israel (died 1657) :* David Pardo (Dutch rabbi, born at Salonica) (died 1657) :* David Pardo (Dutch rabbi, born in Amsterdam) :* Saul Levi Morteira (died 1660) :* Isaac Aboab da Fonseca (died 1693) :*

Yair Bacharach Rabbi Yair Chayim Bacharach (1639, Lipník nad Bečvou, Moravia — 1702; also known by his work Chavos Yair) was a German rabbi and major 17th century posek, who lived first in Koblenz and then the remainder of his life in Worms and Mainz. Hi ...

(died 1702) :* Abraham ben Saul Broda (died 1717) :* Tzvi Ashkenazi (died 1718) :*

Naphtali Cohen Naphtali Cohen (1649–1718), also known as Naphtali HaKohen Katz, was a Russo-German rabbi and kabalist born in Ostrowo in Ukraine. He belonged to a family of rabbis in Ostrowo, where his father, Isaac Cohen, a great-great-grandson of the Juda ...

(died 1718) :* Samuel Schotten (died 1719) :*

David Nieto David Nieto (1654 – 10 January 1728) was the Haham of the Spanish and Portuguese Jewish community in London, later succeeded in this capacity by his son, Isaac Nieto. Nieto was born in Venice. He first practised as a physician and officiated ...

(died 1728) *Ottoman Empire – :* Hayim Kamhi, Chief Rabbi (1677–1715)

External links

* http://www.rulers.org/relig.html {{DEFAULTSORT:20 17 List of religious leaders by year Lists of 17th-century people