The Limoges Box is type of small hinged

porcelain Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises main ...

trinket box produced by

Limoges porcelain Limoges porcelain is hard-paste porcelain produced by factories in and around the city of Limoges, France beginning in the late 18th century, but does not refer to a particular manufacturer. By about 1830, Limoges, which was close to the areas wh ...

factories near the city of Limoges, France. They are made of

hard-paste porcelain Hard-paste porcelain, sometimes "true porcelain", is a ceramic material that was originally made from a compound of the feldspathic rock petuntse and kaolin fired at very high temperature, usually around 1400 °C. It was first made in China ...

and collected worldwide. Limoges porcelain boxes were first created in the mid-18th century after Jacques Turgot, Finance Minister of King

Louis XVI Louis XVI (''Louis-Auguste''; ; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as ''Citizen Louis Capet'' during the four months just before he was ...

, gave a Royal edict to the city of Limoges, France the exclusive right to produce Royal

for the Kingdom of France. The first Limoges trinket boxes were long narrow containers that were created for expensive needles. From here, other shapes of limoges porcelain boxes evolved. The earliest were those that held thimbles and embroidery scissors and then round flat Limoges boxes were formed and used as powder boxes, and/or snuff boxes. Under Louis XIV these small boxes were used to hold a lock of lady's hair or small poem. Exactly when and who made the first porcelain snuffbox is up for debate. There were

faience Faience or faïence (; ) is the general English language term for fine tin-glazed pottery. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an oxide of tin to the slip of a lead glaze, was a major a ...

snuffboxes that were produced sometime around 1730. These cannot be identified by back stamp marks, for none were put on them. There were four big porcelain factories that made snuff boxes around this time,

Chantilly porcelain Chantilly porcelain is French soft-paste porcelain produced between 1730 and 1800 by the manufactory of Chantilly in Oise, France. The wares are usually divided into three periods, 1730-51, 1751-1760, and a gradual decline from 1760 to 1800. ...

(1725–1800), Saint-Cloud porcelain (1677–1766), Mennecy porcelain (1734–73), and the royal

Vincennes porcelain The Vincennes porcelain manufactory was established in 1740 in the disused royal Château de Vincennes, in Vincennes, east of Paris, which was from the start the main market for its wares. History The entrepreneur in charge at first, Claude-Humbe ...

(1740–56), which moved to become Sèvres porcelain (1756–present). Additionally independent makers produced them with no signature or marking. Snuff eventually went out of fashion around the time of the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in coup of 18 Brumaire, November 1799. Many of its ...

but putting pills in Limoges boxes became popular. During the

Victorian era In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. The era followed the Georgian period and preceded the Edwardia ...

the Limoges boxes lost popularity again until the 1970s when people began to carry their pills in the Limoges porcelain boxes. In the 20th century they became popularly used as pillboxes. The creation of the Limoges Porcelain box is an arduous and time intensive process of creating a master mold, detail painting by hand of color and design, performing multiple firings and glazing upon the porcelain mold, and a final touch of a metal hinge for opening and closing. The painting of the Limoges porcelain in the Limoges box industry are accomplished by small handed French artisans, as experts at the fine brush strokes required for such detailed work. After painting, there are multiple firings. The final firing at a temperature of 1400C is unique to Limoges, giving them a very fine pure and strong white finish. The final touch to a Limoges box is the metal hinged mountings that are meticulously fitted to the finished box. The entire work process is made by hand, so small variations are the norm, thus making each piece really unique. Each model is often made in very limited numbers, & signed by the artists or the

atelier An atelier () is the private workshop or studio of a professional artist in the fine or decorative arts or an architect, where a principal master and a number of assistants, students, and apprentices can work together producing fine art or ...

. Limoges boxes once were often gold boxes that contained portraits of king and other political figures.

Napoleon I Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

was one of the great snuffbox collectors, he had about 100 gold portrait boxes made as tokens of appreciation from his political supporters.

References

*Mira Lash, '
List of all Limoges Porcelain: Exclusive Designs and Antiques
''. *Debby Dubay, ''Collecting Hand Painted Limoges Porcelain: Boxes to Vases)''. *Mary Frank Gaston, ''The Collector's Encyclopedia of Limoges''. *Faye Strumpf, ''Limoges Boxes'' (2003). *Nancy du Tertre, ''The Art of the Limoges Box'' (2000). *Marina Chernyak, '' Limoges factory'' {{DEFAULTSORT:Limoges Porcelain Porcelain of France Limoges fr:Porcelaine de Limoges