''Lilium bosniacum'' is a lily native to
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and ...
. It's also known as ''Zlatni Ljiljan'' (
Bosnian for golden lily) and ''Bosanski Ljiljan'' (Bosnian lily).
''L. bosniacum'' has often been lumped and split and lumped again. Some results of molecular studies support it as an
infraspecific taxon of ''Lilium carniolicum''. ''Lilium bosniacum'', together with ''
Lilium albanicum
''Lilium'' () is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. ...
'' and ''
Lilium jankae
''Lilium'' () is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. ...
'' have been treated as varieties of ''
Lilium carniolicum''.
However, extensive
DNA-analyses have shown that this group is
polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...
.
Description
''Lilium bosniacum'' Beck ex Fritsch 1909 Section 3b
Syn.: ''L. carniolicum var. bosniacumno
Bulb: ovoid, 6–7 cm in diameter, yellowish.
Stem: 30–90 cm.
Leaves: densely scattered, horizontal with tips curved upwards, narrowly lanceolate with slightly hairy margins.
Flowers: 1–6 in a raceme, nodding, fragrant. Tepals strongly revolute, typical Turk's cap-shape, wax-like texture, yellow to orange without spots, ~6 cm in diameter. Seeds with delayed
hypogeal germination
Hypogeal germination (from Ancient Greek [] 'below ground', from [] 'below' and [] 'earth, ground') is a botanical term indicating that the germination of a plant takes place below the ground. An example of a plant with hypogeal germination is ...
. Flowering time ~July. 2n=24.
Origin: Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Symbolic use
The golden lily is a traditional
symbol of the Bosniak people, and was a heraldic
national symbol of medieval Bosnia and a
coat of arms
A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its ...
of the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Република Босна и Херцеговина) was a state in Southeastern Europe, existing from 1992 to 1995. It is the direct lega ...
.
See also
*
List of Balkan endemic plants
The Balkan endemic plants includes a number of unique taxa and (species, subspecies, variety (botany), variety and form (botany), forms) that are widespread in a variety of sizes area and,
including endemic, stenoendemics.
The following list of en ...
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q310967
bosniacum
Flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina