Liling () is a

county-level city A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a county-level administrative division of the People's Republic of China. County-level ...

and the 12th most populous county-level division in

Hunan Province Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to ...

, China; it is under the administration of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of Chi ...

Zhuzhou Zhuzhou (, ), formerly Jianning (建宁), is a prefecture-level city of Hunan Province, China, straddling the Xiang River southeast of the provincial capital, Changsha, and bordering Jiangxi province to the east. It is part of the " Greater Chan ...

. Located on the middle eastern margin of the province, the city is bordered to the north by Liuyang City, to the west by

Lusong District Lusong District () is one of four urban districts of Zhuzhou City, Hunan province, China. The district was formed on May 31, 1997, it is named after its seat located near the place of Lusong Road. Located in the south eastern region of the city ...

and

Zhuzhou County Lukou District, formerly Zhuzhou County (), is a district of the city of Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, China. Located on the south central Hunan along the Xiang River, the district is bordered to the north by Liuyang City, Lusong and Tianyuan Distric ...

, to the south by

You County You County () is a county in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Zhuzhou City. Located on the south eastern margin of the province, the county is bordered to the north by Xiangdong District, Pingxiang City of Jiangxi, Lil ...

, to the east by

Xiangdong District Xiangdong District () is one of two districts of Pingxiang, Jiangxi province, China, bordering Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle re ...

of Yichun,

Shangli County Shangli County () is a county in the west of Jiangxi province, China, bordering Hunan province to the west. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative divis ...

Jiangxi Jiangxi (; ; formerly romanized as Kiangsi or Chianghsi) is a landlocked province in the east of the People's Republic of China. Its major cities include Nanchang and Jiujiang. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north int ...

. Liling City covers with registered population of 978,900 and resident population of 1,060,000 (as of 2015)., also se
hntj.gov
/ref> Liling is known for its traditional porcelain and firework industries. The "Chairman Mao" porcelain produced in Liling is used as gifts for presidents. Liling has extensive transport links, such as G60 (Hukun highway), S11 (Yueru Highway), 320, and 106 national roads. Also, there is the Liling Hukun High speed train station and Liling train station, which mainly serves trains going east and west across China as well as local trains in Hunan. Additionally, Liling is only south of

Changsha Huanghua International Airport Changsha Huanghua International Airport is the airport serving Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, China, and the Greater Changsha Metropolitan Region comprising the nearby cities of Zhuzhou and Xiangtan. As of 2021, it was one of the ...

(CSX). Liling has had a booming economy since the beginning of the 21st century. In 2010, Liling had a GDP of 26.37 billion.

Administrative divisions

According to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liling on November 26, 2015, the divisions of Liling, according to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liling on November 26, 2015: Qingshuijiang Township merged to Chuanwan Town, Hejiaqiao Town and Dazhang Town merged to

Mingyue Town Mingyue () is a town of Liling City in Hunan Province Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the ...

. Shenfugang Town and Lishanba Town merged to Chashan Town.

Xinyang Township Xinyang (; postal: Sinyang) is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Henan province, People's Republic of China, the southernmost administrative division in the province. Its total population was 6,234,401 according to the 2020 census. As of ...

and Xianxia Town merged to Zuoquan Town. Fenglinshi Township and Huangtazui Town merged to Fenglin Town. Fuli Town and Nanqiao Town merged to Litian Town.

Wangfang Wangfang Town () is an urban Towns of China, town in Liling, Liling City, Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China. Cityscape The town is divided into 10 villages and 2 communities, the following areas: Qiaotou Community, ...

Town was revoked. Liling has four subdistricts and 19 towns under its jurisdiction.

Geography

Liling is situated in the east of

Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangx ...

province. The city has a total area of . It is bordered by

Pingxiang Pingxiang () is a medium-sized prefecture-level city located in western Jiangxi province, People's Republic of China. Geography and climate Pingxiang is a city situated near the border of Jiangxi with Hunan province. Approximately 110 kilometer ...

and

to the east,

Liuyang Liuyang () is a county-level city, the List of County-level divisions of Hunan by population, most populous and the easternmost county-level division of Hunan, Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city o ...

to the north,

to the west,

to the south.

Rivers

Major rivers of Liliang are Lu River, Chengjiang River, Jiubu River, Zhaoling River and Jiang River.

Lakes and reservoirs

Guanzhuang Reservoir is the largest body of water and the largest reservoir in Liling. Other reservoirs include Hetian Reservoir, Xuefeng Reservoir, Wangxianqiao Reservoir, Zhoufang Reservoir and Outang Reservoir.

Mountains

The highest point in Mount Shamaojian () is which stands above sea level. Zhangxianling () is the second highest natural elevation in the city, which is above sea level.

Climate

Liling has a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of , total annual rainfall of , a frost-free period of 288 days and annual average sunshine hours in 1500 to 1910 hours.

Economy

Liling is one of the most developed county-level cities in Hunan, it ranked the 60th in the Top100 of counties and county-level cities of China by comprehensive strength in 2020. Liling has the six-largest economy in the Hunan. The largest sectors of the city's economy are

firework Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. They are most commonly used in fireworks displays (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), combining a large number of devices in ...

s and

porcelain Porcelain () is a ceramic material made by heating substances, generally including materials such as kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to other types of pottery, arises main ...

manufacturing Manufacturing is the creation or production of goods with the help of equipment, labor, machines, tools, and chemical or biological processing or formulation. It is the essence of secondary sector of the economy. The term may refer to ...

. As of 2016, the

gross domestic product Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is of ...

of Liling was CN￥ 58.08 billion. The primary sector, including agriculture, fishing, forestry and mining, accounted for 9% of the county's GDP. Secondary industries, including manufacturering, construction, transport and communications, made up 28% of GDP. And the tertiary sector of trade, finance, services and public administration, accounted for nearly 63% of GDP.

Demographics

Population

As of the end of 2016, the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China estimates the city's population now to be 1,060,000.

Language

Mandarin is the official language. The local people speak both Xiang dialect and Liling dialect.

Religion

As of 2016, most of Liling people are atheists. They worship

Chinese folk religion Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. Vivienne Wee described it as "an empty bowl, which can variously be filled ...

. Only 1% of Liling people belong to

Buddhists Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

, 1% are

Taoists Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the ''Tao ...

, 1% are

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

s and

Protestant Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century agai ...

Education

As of 2016, Liling has 213 primary schools, 44 middle schools, nine high schools, one special education school and 309 kindergartens.

Transportation

Railway

Shanghai–Kunming railway The Shanghai–Kunming Railway or Hukun Railway (), also known as the Hukun Line, is a major arterial railroad across eastern, south central and southwest China. It connects Shanghai, whose shorthand name is ''Hu'', and Kunming. The line has a ...

and

Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway The Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway is a high-speed railway line. It was built in stages and completed on 28 December 2016. It is part of the CRH's system of passenger-dedicated lines, beginning in Shanghai and ending in Kunming, the capi ...

, which connect

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Chinese, Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four Direct-administered municipalities of China, direct-administered municipalities of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the ...

and

Kunming Kunming (; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headquar ...

, run north–south through the towns and subdistrict of Litian, Baitutan, Pukou, Wangxian, Xianyueshan, Dongfu, Sunjiawan, Sifen, and Chuanwan. Liling–Chaling railway and Liling-Yongzhou railway run north–south through the city.

Expressway

G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway The Shanghai–Kunming Expressway (), commonly referred to as the ''Hukun Expressway'' () is an expressway that connects the cities of Shanghai, China, and Kunming, Yunnan. It is in length. The entire route forms part of Asian Highway 3. Route Th ...

* Yueru Expressway * Litan Expressway * Lianzhu Expressway * Louli Expressway

National Highway

* G106 National Highway * G320 National Highway

Tourism

Guanzhuang, Lu River Bridge, Geng Chuan Ancestral Temple, Lujiang Academy, Former Residence of Li Lisan, Former Residence of Chen Mingren, and Xianshan Park are popular attractions in Liling. Changqing Temple, Yunyang Temple and Dongfu Temple are well known Buddhist temples.

Notable people

* Li Tian * Cai Shenxi, a

general A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". O ...

officer in the

Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army or Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, commonly known as the Chinese Red Army or simply the Red Army, are the armed forces of the Chinese Communist Party. It was formed when Communis ...

during the

Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on main ...

. *

Chen Mingren Chen Mingren (; 7 April 1903 – 21 May 1974) was a prominent military figure from Liling, Hunan Province and one of the founding members of the People's Liberation Army. He was a top level military commander in the Republic of China. He then joi ...

, a general in the

People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the China, People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five Military branch, service branches: the People's ...

. *

Cheng Qian Cheng Qian (; 31 March 1882 – 5 April 1968) was a Chinese army officer and politician who held very important military and political positions in both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China.Wolfgang Bartke, ''Who was Who in the ...

, governor of Hunan. * Cheng Xingling, politician. *

Geng Biao Geng Biao (; 26 August 1909 – 23 June 2000) was a senior official in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and a leader in Chinese politics, foreign relations and military. Early life Geng was born in Liling, Hunan Province of China. In 1922 ...

, Minister of Defense of the People's Republic of China. *

He Jian He Jian (; 10 April 1887 – 25 April 1956) was a Chinese Nationalist (KMT) general and politician in the Republic of China. He was governor of Hunan province between 1929 and 1937, and Interior Minister from 1937 to 1939. He was best known for ...

(Ho Chien), a native of Liling, was Nanjing's governor of Hunan during the time of the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Ta ...

. He killed more than 20,000 peasants, students, and workers between April and June, 1927.Snow, E. (1939). Red star over China. New York, NY: Garden City Publishing. *

Li Lisan Li Lisan (; November 18, 1899 – June 22, 1967) was a Chinese politician, member of the Politburo, and later a member of the Central Committee. Early years Li was born in Liling, Hunan province in China in 1899, under the name of Li R ...

, an early leader of the Chinese communists, and the top leader of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1930, member of the Politburo, and later a member of the Central Committee. * Peng Daoru, electronics expert. *

Song Shilun Song Shilun (; 1907–1991), né Song Jirao (宋际尧, named from Chinese legendary King Yao), alternative name Song Zhiguang (宋之光), born September 10, 1907 in Liling, Hunan Province, was a general of the People's Liberation Army of the ...

, a general in the People's Liberation Army. *

Tang Fei-fan Tang Feifan (; July 23, 1897 – September 30, 1958) was a Chinese medical microbiologist best known for culturing the ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' agent in the yolk sacs of eggs. Tang was persecuted during the "Pulling Out Bourgeois White Flag Mo ...

, a medical microbiologist best known for culturing the Chlamydia trachomatis agent in the yolk sacs of eggs. *

Yang Dezhi Yang Dezhi (; January 13, 1911 – October 25, 1994) was a Chinese general and politician. He was senior military officer in the North China (or 5th) Field Army, a veteran of the Korean War and commander in China during the Sino–Vietnamese ...

, a general in the People's Liberation Army. * Yang Mingzhu, mathematician. * Zhang Yousong, translator. * Zhang Zemin, scientist. *

Zuo Quan Zuo Quan (; 15 March 1905 – 2 June 1942), also named Zuo Shuren (), born in Liling, Hunan, was a general in the Chinese Red Army during the Chinese revolution and the war against Japan, and a senior staff officer of the Eighth Route Army. ...

, a military officer in the

Eighth Route Army The Eighth Route Army (), officially known as the 18th Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, was a group army under the command of the Chinese Communist Party, nominally within the structure of the Chines ...

References

Bibliography

* {{Authority control Cities in Hunan Zhuzhou