This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...

. It is limited to

liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

and

radical Radical may refer to: Politics and ideology Politics *Radical politics, the political intent of fundamental societal change *Radicalism (historical), the Radical Movement that began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe and ...

parties A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature fo ...

with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ denotes another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it is not necessary that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.

Background

From the start of

liberalism Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for c ...

its program is combined with the struggle for independence from the Habsburg-rule and thus more autonomy in the country's affairs in relation with the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...

and later

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

. The two realists groups, Deákists and Kossuthists, differ in their attitude towards the Habsburg rulers. Both groups had a conservative

or even

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...

philosophy by the beginning of the 20th century.

History

In the antebellum period, liberalism was very successful and led by the party of Károlyi, but after the communist revolution of 1919, and during the conservative regency, liberalism became limited to small city-based parties. After the 1988 end of communist rule, liberalism reconstituted itself in the

Alliance of Free Democrats The Alliance of Free Democrats – Hungarian Liberal Party ( hu, Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége – a Magyar Liberális Párt, SZDSZ) was a liberal political party in Hungary. The SZDSZ was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats ...

(''Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége'', member LI), ELDR), a center market liberal party. Originally also the Young Democrats chose a liberal profile, but soon they developed into a national-conservative party.

Opposition Party

*1847: Liberal opposition led by Ferenc Deák and

Lajos Kossuth Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (, hu, udvardi és kossuthfalvi Kossuth Lajos, sk, Ľudovít Košút, anglicised as Louis Kossuth; 19 September 1802 – 20 March 1894) was a Hungarian nobleman, lawyer, journalist, poli ...

formed the ''Opposition Party''. *1849: The party is banned.

Radical Party

*1849: Radical liberals formed the illegal ''Radical Party''. *1868: The party joined with the new 1848 Party.

From Address Party to Liberal Party

*1861: The moderate followers of Ferenc Deák formed the ''Address Party''. *1866: After a compromise with the Austrian rulers, the party is reorganized into the

conservative liberal Conservative liberalism or right-liberalism is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal values and policies with Conservatism, conservative stances, or simply representing the right-wing of the liberal movement.Michael Gallagher (academic), M ...

Deák Party The Deák Party ( hu, Deák Párt) was a political party in Hungary in the 1860s and 1870s led by Ferenc Deák. History The Deák Party was founded in 1865 as the successor to the Address Party. It won the 1865 elections in Hungary, and also wo ...

''. *1875: The party merged with the conservative '' Left Center'' into the conservative liberal ''Liberal Party''. *1876: The liberal wing seceded as the ''Independent Liberal Party''. *1899: The National Party joined the party. *1904: The National Party seceded from the party. *1906: The party was dissolved.

From Extreme Left to Kossuth Party

*1867: Going back to the traditions of the Opposition, liberals formed the ''Independence and 1848 Party''. *1868: The party united with the former radicals into the ''Independence and 1848 Party''. *1874: A faction seceded and formed the ''Independence Party''. *1884: The parties reunited into the ''Independence and 1848 Party''. *1895: An agrarian faction formed the ''Independence and 1848 Party of Ug''. *1904: The parties reunited. *1905: The National Party joined. *1908: A left-wing faction seceded as the Left Party. *1909: A conservative faction formed the ''1848 Independence Kossuth Party''. *1910: The Left Party rejoined the party. *1912: The radical ''Countrywide Republican Party'' seceded. *1913: The party merged with the ''1848 Independence Kossuth Party'' into ''the United Independence and 1848 Party''. *1916: The liberal wing seceded as the ''Independence and 1848 Károlyí Party''. *1919: The party, now a conservative party, is renamed ''Independence and 1848 Party'' and in 1924, it was renamed the ''Kossuth Party''. It was disbanded by 1945.

Independence Party

*1874: A faction of the 1848 Party formed the ''Independence Party''. *1884: The parties reunited into the ''Independence and 1848 Party''.

From Independent Liberal Party to National Party

*1876: The liberal wing of the Liberal Party formed the ''Independent Liberal Party''. *1878: It joined the more conservative groups and the ''United Opposition'' was formed. *1881: The party is reorganised into the ''Moderate Opposition''. *1891: The party is renamed ''National Party''. *1899: It joined the ''Liberal Party''. *1904: The party seceded from the ''Liberal Party''. *1905: It joined the ''Independence and 1848 Party''.

From Communal Democratic Party to Civic Democratic Party

*1894: Budapest liberals formed the ''Civic Democratic Party''. *1900: The party is reorganized into a national party and named ''Civic Democratic Party''. *1918: The party split into the ''National Socialist Party'' and the ''Liberal Citizen's Party''. *1919: The parties reunited into the ''National Democratic Party''. *1926: The party merged with the ''FKFPP'' into the ''Independent National Democratic Party''. *1928: The former ''FKPP'' secedes and the party is renamed ''National Democratic Party''. *1942: The party was dissolved. *1944: The party is reorganized into the ''Civic Democratic Party''. *1949: The ''PDP'' joined the left-wing non-Marxist ''Hungarian Radical Party''.

Left Party

*1908: A left-wing faction of the ''Independence and 1848 Party'' formed the ''Left Party''. *1910: The party rejoined with ''the Independence and 1848 Party''.

Countrywide Republican Party

*1912: A radical faction of the ''Independence and 1848 Party'' formed the ''Countrywide Republican Party''. *1913: The party is banned.

Independence and 1848 Károlyi Party

*1916: The liberal wing of the ''United Independence'' and ''1848 Party'' formed the ''Independence and 1848 Party'', led by

Mihály Károlyi Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly ( hu, gróf nagykárolyi Károlyi Mihály Ádám György Miklós; archaically English: Michael Adam George Nicholas Károlyi, or in short simple form: Michael Károlyi; 4 March 1875 � ...

. *1919: After a communist coup, the party is dissolved.

Countrywide Civic Radical Party

*1916: Radical liberals formed the ''Countrywide Civic Radical Party''. *1919: The party was dissolved.

Liberal Citizens' Party

*1918: A faction of the ''Civic Democratic Party'' formed the ''Liberal Citizens' Party''. *1919: The parties reunited into the ''National Democratic Party''.

From Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens to Civic Freedom Party

*1921:

Károly Rassay Károly is a very common Hungarian male given name. It is also sometimes found as a Hungarian surname. The origin of this name is the Turkic languages, Turkic Karul, which means hawk. Nowadays Károly is considered the equivalent of English Karl or ...

formed, in an attempt to find liberal support outside the cities, the liberal ''Independence Party of Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Citizens''. *1926: The party merged into the ''Independent National Democratic Party''. *1928: The party is reconstituted as the ''National Liberal Party''. *1934: The party is renamed the ''Civic Freedom Party''. *1944: The remnants of the party joined the ''Civic Democratic Party''.

Alliance of Free Democrats

*1988: Just before the collapse of the communist regime, the liberals ''

'' party was formed. *2010: The

fell out of the

Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

, and split into several parties. *2013: Former SZDSZ members founded the ''

Hungarian Liberal Party Hungarian Liberal Party ( hu, Magyar Liberális Párt, shortened form Liberals (''Liberálisok'') or MLP) is a liberal political party in Hungary that was formed on 27 April 2013 and is led by Anett Bősz. History Foundation Gábor Fodor announ ...

''.

Momentum Movement

*2015: The

Momentum Movement ) , ideology = , website = , country = Hungary , native_name = Momentum Mozgalom , split = , position = Centre , international = Liberal International (Observer) , european = A ...

has been founded. *2017: Momentum Movement became a party.

Liberal leaders

*19th century:

, Ferenc Deák *Alliance of Free Democrats:

Árpád Göncz Árpád Göncz (; 10 February 1922 – 6 October 2015) was a Hungarian writer, translator, agronomist, and liberal politician who served as President of Hungary from 2 May 1990 to 4 August 2000. Göncz played a role in the Hungarian Revolution ...

References

{{Liberalism in Europe

Politics of Hungary