The Lebbo' people (also known as the Basap) are part of the indigenous

Dayak people The Dayak (; older spelling: Dajak) or Dyak or Dayuh are one of the native groups of Borneo. It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic groups, located principally in the central and southern interior of Borneo, each w ...

East Kalimantan East Kalimantan ( Indonesian: ) is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo. It had a population of about 3.03 million at the 2010 census (within the current boundary), 3.42 million at the 2015 census, and 3 ...

and

North Kalimantan North Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Utara) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the northernmost of Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. North Kalimantan borders the Malaysian states of Sabah to the north and Sarawak ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...

. Before the modern era, the Lebbo' people were often

hunter-gatherer A traditional hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living an ancestrally derived lifestyle in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local sources, especially edible wild plants but also insects, fung ...

s or

horticulturalists Horticulture is the branch of agriculture that deals with the art, science, technology, and business of plant cultivation. It includes the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms, algae, flowers, seaweeds and no ...

. Most members of the Lebbo' live in the

Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat Karst The Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat Karst is a karstique area in Sub Kelay, Biatan, Talisayan, Batu Putih, and Biduk-biduk Berau districts of East Kalimantan province on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It covers an area of 105,000 hectares, includin ...

range and speak a variety of the

Basap language Basap is an Austronesian language spoken in Borneo, Indonesia. Within Kalimantan Timur and Kalimantan Utara provinces, Basap speakers are scattered across Berau, Bulungan, Kutai Kartanegara, Penajam Paser Utara, and Kutai Timur regencies. Diale ...

Population genetics

In their full autosomal genome, the Lebbo' harbor both Austronesian-related and

Mainland Southeast Asia Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...

n (= Austroasiatic-related) ancestries, like most ethnic groups in the western part of Insular Southeast Asia. Additionally (and – as of now – uniquely among peoples sampled from Borneo and other parts of western Insular Southeast Asia), they have a significant ancestral compontent related to

Papuans The indigenous peoples of West Papua in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Malay Arch ...

. In a small sample of Lebbo' males (15 individuals) the following

Y-DNA haplogroup In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non- recombining portions of DNA from the male-specific Y chromosome (called Y-DNA). Many people within a haplogroup share similar numbers of s ...

s were found: C* (M130) 13.33%, K* (M9) 6.67%, K2 (M526) 13.33%, O1b1a1a1a1a (M88) 33.33%, O1a2 (M50) 26.67%, and O2a1b~ (M164) 6.67%.Kusuma, P. et al.
Contrasting Linguistic and Genetic Origins of the Asian Source Populations of Malagasy
'. Sci. Rep. 6, 26066; doi: 10.1038/srep26066 (2016). A previous study found a small percentage of Lebbo' males (two individuals) to be the only known members of the rare C1b1a2a, also known as C-B67. (The less rare sibling clade C1b1a2b/C-F725 has been found in members of the

Murut people The Murut are an indigenous ethnic group, comprising 29 sub-ethnic groups inhabiting the northern inland regions of Borneo. The Murutic languages are a family of half a dozen closely related Austronesian languages. The Murut can be found mainl ...

Brunei Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by th ...

Malay people Malays ( ms, Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to eastern Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands that lie between these locations — areas that are c ...

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...

Aeta people The Aeta (Ayta ), Agta, or Dumagat, are collective terms for several Filipino indigenous peoples who live in various parts of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. They are considered to be part of the Negrito ethnic groups and share comm ...

in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, and

Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive v ...

in China.) The most common Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups found amongst a small sample of 19 Lebbo' individuals were: B4a 21.05%, B5a 15.79%, M20 15.79%, M71a2 15.79%, R9b1a1a 10.53% and E1a 21.05% out of a sample size of 19 Lebbo' people.

Footnotes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dayak people Ethnic groups in Indonesia East Kalimantan Headhunting Dayak people