Le Kremlin-Bicêtre () is a

commune A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of ...

in the southern suburbs of

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

. It is from the center of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

. Le Kremlin-Bicêtre is most famous as the location of the

Bicêtre Hospital The Bicêtre Hospital is located in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It lies 4.5 km (2.8 miles) from the center of Paris. The Bicêtre Hospital was originally planned as a military hospital, with constr ...

, where Superintendent

Philippe Pinel Philippe Pinel (; 20 April 1745 – 25 October 1826) was a French physician, precursor of psychiatry and incidentally a zoologist. He was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of ps ...

is credited as being the first to introduce humane methods into the treatment of the mentally ill, in 1793. Its most notorious guest was the Marquis de Sade.

Name

The name has roots both in

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

and

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

. Le Kremlin-Bicêtre was originally a hamlet called simply Bicêtre and located within the commune of Gentilly. The name Bicêtre comes from the manor built there by

John of Pontoise John of Pontoise (a.k.a. John de Pontissara; died 1304) was a medieval Bishop of Winchester in England. Life John of Pontoise was from Pontoise in Seine-et-Oise in France, but spent much of his life in England. In 1280, he was briefly Chancellor ...

, Bishop of Winchester (England), in the end of the 13th century. The name of this Manor of Winchester was corrupted into ''Vinchestre'', then ''Bichestre'', and eventually Bicêtre. The

was built starting in 1634 on the ruins of the manor. In 1813 the Bicêtre Hospital acted as a major reception point for evacuated casualties of the Grande Armée from the French invasion of Russia. Veterans of the invasion of Russia used to gather in a tavern near Bicêtre Hospital. This tavern was soon renamed ' ("At the Kremlin sergeant") in reference to the Moscow Kremlin where the veterans had camped. Gradually the name Kremlin was used for the whole neighborhood around the Bicêtre Hospital, and appeared for the first time officially in an ordnance map of 1832. Later the names Kremlin and Bicêtre were joined together and became the official name of the area.

History

The commune of Le Kremlin-Bicêtre was created on 13 December 1896 by detaching its territory from the commune of Gentilly.

Population

Transport

Le Kremlin-Bicêtre is served by Le Kremlin-Bicêtre station on

Paris Métro Line 7 Paris Métro Line 7 is one of sixteen lines of the Paris Métro system. Crossing the capital from its north-eastern to south-eastern sections via a moderately curved path, it links La Courneuve – 8 mai 1945 in the north with Mairie d'Ivry an ...

Education

Public primary and secondary schools:Les écoles maternelles et élémentaires
" Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. Retrieved on September 6, 2016. * Five preschools: Benoît-Malon, Jean-Zay, Pauline-Kergomard, Robert-Desnos, Suzanne-Buisson * Five elementary schools: Benoît-Malon A, Benoît-Malon B, Charles-Péguy, Pierre-Brossolette Secondary schools: *Public junior high schools: Collège Jean-Perrin and Collège Albert-CronLes collèges
" Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. Retrieved on September 6, 2016. *Public senior high schools:

Lycée intercommunal Darius-Milhaud Lycée intercommunal Darius Milhaud is a senior high school in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France, in the Paris metropolitan area. It serves residents of the communes of Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Arcueil, Gentilly, and Villejuif, in Val-de-Marne. It is named ...

and

Lycée Pierre-Brossolette In France, secondary education is in two stages: * ''Collèges'' () cater for the first four years of secondary education from the ages of 11 to 15. * ''Lycées'' () provide a three-year course of further secondary education for children between ...

There is one private elementary and junior high, Jeanne-d'Arc. Le Kremlin-Bicêtre also has the computer science schools EPITA and EPITECH.Enseignement supérieur
" Le Kremlin-Bicêtre. Retrieved on September 6, 2016. The computer programming school Coding Academy,

IONIS School of Technology and Management IONIS School of Technology and Management (IONIS STM) is a French private graduate school, part of the IONIS Education Group, that offers instruction in information technology, computer science, energy, biotechnology and management. It was estab ...

, the

Web@cademie Web@cademie is a private, nonprofit and tuition-free computer programming school created and funded by French IONIS Education Group with several partners including Epitech and Zup de Co association. The school was first opened in Paris in 2010. H ...

and the school

E-Artsup E-Artsup is a French private school created in 2001 and specialized in digital creativity and multimedia. The school is located at Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon, Nantes, Montpellier, Toulouse, Strasbourg and Lille and is part of IONIS Education Group. Th ...

are also located in the commune.

Notable residents

* Roger Caillois (1913–1978), writer, sociologist, and literary critic. *

Suzanne Flon Suzanne Flon (28 January 1918 – 15 June 2005) was a French stage, film, and television actress. She won the Volpi Cup for Best Actress for her performance in the 1961 film '' Thou Shalt Not Kill''. Flon also received two César Awards and two ...

actress and comedian, born in 1918 at Kremlin-Bicêtre. * Kamelancien (aka Kamelanc'), rap artist of Moroccan origin, who debuted in 1993. * (Émile Charles Jean Aldéric Lavialle) was an actor, who died 16 October 1965 in this town. *

Lazare Ponticelli Lazare Ponticelli (born Lazzaro Ponticelli; 24 December 1897, later mistranscribed as 7 December – 12 March 2008), Knight of Vittorio Veneto, was at 110, the last surviving officially recognized veteran of the First World War from France an ...

, the last surviving French and

Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...

veteran of World War I, Resistance member and industrialist, died here in 2008. * , seven-time French

table tennis Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball, also known as the ping-pong ball, back and forth across a table using small solid rackets. It takes place on a hard table div ...

champion and creator of the Secrétin-Purkart Show, a humorous look at the sport broadcast on television. * Jean-François Revel, intellectual, lived in this town during the latter part of his life, and he died here in April 2006. * Farid Dms Debah is a

director Director may refer to: Literature * ''Director'' (magazine), a British magazine * ''The Director'' (novel), a 1971 novel by Henry Denker * ''The Director'' (play), a 2000 play by Nancy Hasty Music * Director (band), an Irish rock band * ''D ...

and producer. He received the Kremlin-Bicêtre City Honor Medal in 2004. * Pierre Lasjaunias (1984-2008), anatomist, neuroradiologist, and interventional neuroradiology physician who worked at Bicêtre Hospital from 1983-2008, serving as Director of Neuroradiology and Director of the Head and Neck Division among other positions. Dr. Lasjaunias is known for his contributions in advancing the treatment of Vein of Galen Malformations, and inspiring countless students of neuroradiology.

Gallery

File:Kremlin-bicetre-france-mairie-03.jpg, Townhall File:Kremlin-bicetre-france-conservatoire-01.jpg, Music School & cultural center "

André Malraux Georges André Malraux ( , ; 3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976) was a French novelist, art theorist, and Minister of Culture (France), minister of cultural affairs. Malraux's novel ''La Condition Humaine'' (Man's Fate) (1933) won the Prix Go ...

References

External links

*
Kremlin-Bicêtre official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kremlinbicetre Communes of Val-de-Marne