law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...
of
Andorra
, image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg
, symbol_type = Coat of arms
, national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, label=none (Latin)"United virtue is stro ...
includes
customary law
A legal custom is the established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting. A claim can be carried out in defense of "what has always been done and accepted by law".
Customary law (also, consuetudina ...
and
legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body. Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill, and may be broadly referred to ...
.
Constitution
The
Constitution of Andorra
The Constitution of Andorra ( ca, Constitució d'Andorra) is the supreme law of the Principality of Andorra. It was adopted on 2 February 1993 and given assent by the Andorran people in a referendum on 14 March 1993. According to the Constitution ...
was the subject of a referendum on 14 March 1993.
Legislation
The legislature is the Consell General (English: General Council). The gazette is called '' Butlletí Oficial del Principat d'Andorra'' (English: Official Bulletin of the Principality of Andorra). Legislation includes decrees.
List of legislation
*Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 17 June 1939
*Decree of 23 August 1947
*Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 7 April 1970Maarseveen and Tang. Written Constitutions: A Computerized Comparative Study. 1978 p 42 /ref>
*Decree concerning the political rights of Andorran women of 14 April 1970
*Decree on legal and political majority of 2 July 1971
*Decree concerning the eligibility of Andorran women of 5 September 1973
*Decree on the process of institutional reform of 15 January 1981
*Decree on arms of 3 July 1989
*Penal Code of 11 July 1990
*Penal Code of 21 February 2005
Customary law
Historical or material
sources
Source may refer to:
Research
* Historical document
* Historical source
* Source (intelligence) or sub source, typically a confidential provider of non open-source intelligence
* Source (journalism), a person, publication, publishing institute o ...
of customary law include
canon law
Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is t ...
,Brutails. La Coutume d'Andorre. Leroux. 1904. pp 48 & 49. ("Le droit français a été appliqué par certains juges de nationalité française. Priorité du droit catalan comme droit supplétoire. — Restent le droit romain, le droit canon et le droit catalan.")Castilian law,
Catalan law
Catalan may refer to:
Catalonia
From, or related to Catalonia:
* Catalan language, a Romance language
* Catalans, an ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Northern or southern Catalonia
Places
* 13178 Catalan, asteroid # ...
,
French law
The Law of France refers to the legal system in the French Republic, which is a civil law legal system primarily based on legal codes and statutes, with case law also playing an important role. The most influential of the French legal codes is t ...
and
Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the '' Corpus Juris Civilis'' (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor J ...
. Literary sources of customary law include the books ''
Manual Digest
Manual may refer to:
Instructions
* User guide
* Owner's manual
* Instruction manual (gaming)
* Online help
Other uses
* Manual (music), a keyboard, as for an organ
* Manual (band)
* Manual transmission
* Manual, a bicycle technique similar to ...
Tribunal Superior de la Justicia
A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a sin ...
Tribunal de Batlles
A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a sin ...
advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries' legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However ...
s (French: avocat) and
notaries
A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems.
A notary, while a legal professional, is disti ...
. There is a College of Advocates (French: Collège des Avocats).
Criminal law
The Tribunal de Cortes is the court which has
jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin 'law' + 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice. In federations like the United States, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels.
J ...
over crime. The Penal Code of 11 July 1990 was the country's first. There is now a new Penal Code of 21 February 2005
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that ...
was proscribed in 1990. There is a
Police Corps of Andorra
The Police Corps of Andorra ( ca, Cos de Policia d’Andorra) is the national police of Andorra. In 2007, the force had 240 officers serving a population of approximately 85,000.
Structure
The police force consists of the Directorate of the Poli ...
.
Nationality
Legislation on this subject has included the Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 17 June 1939 and the Decree concerning Andorran nationality of 7 April 1970.
Heritage
Law 9 of 12 July 2003 relates to
Patrimoni Cultural Patrimoni Cultural refers both to the cultural heritage of Andorra, and also to the Andorran government protection agency called by the same name (''Departament de Patrimoni Cultural'', or Department of Cultural Heritage).
The agency administers t ...
and
Bé d'interès cultural
A Bé d'interès cultural (BIC) is the Andorran name for a National Heritage Site listed by the Andorran heritage register, Patrimoni Cultural.BOPA
References
*A H Angelo, "Andora: Introduction to a Customary Legal System" (1970) 14 American Journal of Legal History 9 JSTOROUP *Brutails. La Coutume d'Andorre. Ernest Leroux. 1904. (Monumenta Andorrana, volume 1). Google Books Second Edition. Ed Casal i Val. Andorra. 1965 Google Books See also "La coutume d'Andorre" (1968) 46 (Parts 3 & 4) Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 1114 & 111 Google Books
*Pierre Barber. La coutume privee d'Andorre envisagee dans ses sources et dans ses institutions les plus originales. Arthur Rousseau. Paris. 1938.
*August Teulière. La Constitution de l'Andorre: Les Pouvoirs Législatif et Exécutif. Foix: Gadrat aîné. 1904 Internet Archive
*Bertrand Bélinguier. La Condition Juridique des Vallées d'Andorre. Éditions A. Pedone. Paris. 1970 Google Books *Jurisprudence civile d'Andorre: arrets du Tribunal superieur de Perpignan, 1947- 1970.
*Principality of Andorra. Recull de Textos Legislatius i Constitucionals d'Andorra. Andorra. 1977.
*Rudolf Bernhardt. Encyclopedia of Public International Law. 1990. Pages 8 to 10 *Kenneth Robert Redden and William Emerson Brock. "The Legal System of the Principality of Andorra". Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia. W S Hein. 1984. Volume 4. Chapter 2. Paragraph 4.20 et seq *Modern Legal Systems Cyclopedia. Volume 4. Chapter 2. Paragraph 4.10 et seq.
*World Jurist Association. Law and Judicial Systems of Nations. 2002. Page 6 et seq Google Books *J Anglada Vilardebo. "Andorra". International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law. 1970. Volume 1. "National reports". Section A.
*Gall and Hobby. Worldmark Encyclopedia of Nations. Twelfth Edition. Thomson Gale. 2007. Volume 5. Page 22 Google Books 1988. Page 10 Google Books *European Commission of Human Rights. Decisions and Reports 64. Strasbourg. March 1990. Council of Europ p 115 *Barry Taylor. Andorra. Clio Press. 1993. Page 44 Google Books
;Specific
{{Law in Europe
Law of Andorra