The Latin Psalters are the translations of the

Book of Psalms The Book of Psalms ( or ; he, תְּהִלִּים, , lit. "praises"), also known as the Psalms, or the Psalter, is the first book of the ("Writings"), the third section of the Tanakh, and a book of the Old Testament. The title is derived ...

into the

Latin language Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of ...

. They are the premier liturgical resource used in the

Liturgy of the Hours The Liturgy of the Hours (Latin: ''Liturgia Horarum'') or Divine Office (Latin: ''Officium Divinum'') or ''Opus Dei'' ("Work of God") are a set of Catholic prayers comprising the canonical hours, often also referred to as the breviary, of the ...

of the

Latin Rite Latin liturgical rites, or Western liturgical rites, are Catholic rites of public worship employed by the Latin Church, the largest particular church '' sui iuris'' of the Catholic Church, that originated in Europe where the Latin language onc ...

s of the

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

. These translations are typically placed in a separate volume or a section of the

breviary A breviary (Latin: ''breviarium'') is a liturgical book used in Christianity for praying the canonical hours, usually recited at seven fixed prayer times. Historically, different breviaries were used in the various parts of Christendom, such ...

called the psalter, in which the psalms are arranged to be prayed at the

canonical hours In the practice of Christianity, canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of fixed times of prayer at regular intervals. A book of hours, chiefly a breviary, normally contains a version of, or selection from, such prayers. In ...

of the day. In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

psalter A psalter is a volume containing the Book of Psalms, often with other devotional material bound in as well, such as a liturgical calendar and litany of the Saints. Until the emergence of the book of hours in the Late Middle Ages, psalters w ...

s were often lavish

illuminated manuscript An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is often supplemented with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations. Often used in the Roman Catholic Church for prayers, liturgical services and psalms, th ...

s, and in the Romanesque and early

Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

period were the type of book most often chosen to be richly illuminated.

Versions

The

Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran , caption = Archbasilica of Saint Jo ...

has a diverse selection of more or less different full translations of the psalms. Three of these translations, the ''Romana'', ''Gallicana'', and ''juxta Hebraicum'', have been traditionally ascribed to

Jerome Jerome (; la, Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was a Christian priest, confessor, theologian, and historian; he is co ...

, the author of the Latin Vulgate; however, the ''Romana'' has not been produced by Jerome. Two other translations, the Pian and Nova Vulgata versions, were made in the 20th century. Many of these translations are actually quite similar to each other, especially in style: the Roman, Ambrosian, and Mozarabic psalters have relatively few differences between them, such that the same settings can generally be applied to sing all three. Related too is Jerome's Gallican psalter (''versio gallicana''), made between 386 and 389, which was translated from the Greek text of the Hexaplar Septuagint. Later, Jerome translated the book of psalms from Hebrew, this translation is called the ''versio juxta Hebraicum''. The '' Nova Vulgata'' psalter (1979), though stylistically similar to these, diverges rather more from these traditional psalters insofar as it more closely follows the Hebrew

Masoretic text The Masoretic Text (MT or 𝕸; he, נֻסָּח הַמָּסוֹרָה, Nūssāḥ Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Text of the Tradition') is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) in Rabbinic Judaism. ...

. Two of these psalters stand apart as independent translations from the Hebrew: Jerome's ''juxta Hebraicum'' and the Pian version (1945).

''Versio Vetus Latina''

Also called the ''Psalterium Vetus'', the psalter of the

Old Latin Bible ''Vetus Latina'' ("Old Latin" in Latin), also known as ''Vetus Itala'' ("Old Italian"), ''Itala'' ("Italian") and Old Italic, and denoted by the siglum \mathfrak, is the collective name given to the Latin translations of biblical texts (bo ...

. Quotations from the Psalms in Latin authors show that a number of related but distinct Old Latin recensions were circulating in the mid-4th century. These had by then substantially replaced the older Latin 'Cyprianic Psalter', a recension found in the works of

Cyprian of Carthage Cyprian (; la, Thaschus Caecilius Cyprianus; 210 – 14 September 258 AD''The Liturgy of the Hours according to the Roman Rite: Vol. IV.'' New York: Catholic Book Publishing Company, 1975. p. 1406.) was a bishop of Carthage and an early Christ ...

that only survived in the 4th-century writings of the

Donatists Donatism was a Christian sect leading to a schism in the Church, in the region of the Church of Carthage, from the fourth to the sixth centuries. Donatists argued that Christian clergy must be faultless for their ministry to be effective and t ...

; and are all thought to be revisions of a lost common early 3rd-century version. A 12th-century Latin bible from

Monte Cassino Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of . Site of the Roman town of Casinum, it is widely known for its abbey, the first ho ...

(Ms. Cas. 557) preserves, alongside the Roman, Gallican and Iuxta Hebraeos psalters, a fourth complete version of the psalms extensively corrected with reference to the columns of the Hexapla Greek, possibly using a columnar transcription of the

Hexapla ''Hexapla'' ( grc, Ἑξαπλᾶ, "sixfold") is the term for a critical edition of the Hebrew Bible in six versions, four of them translated into Greek, preserved only in fragments. It was an immense and complex word-for-word comparison of the ...

psalter similar to that surviving in Milan. The underlying Latin text for this manuscript is believed to correspond with an early 3rd-century 'Cyprianic Psalter'.

''Versio Ambrosiana''

This is the version used in the

Ambrosian rite The Ambrosian Rite is a Catholic Western liturgical rite, named after Saint Ambrose, a bishop of Milan in the fourth century, which differs from the Roman Rite. It is used by some five million Catholics in the greater part of the Archdiocese ...

for use in

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...

''Versio Mozarabica''

This is the version used in the Mozarabic rite for use in Toledo.

''Versio Romana''

The Roman Psalter, called also the ''Versio Romana'' or ''Psalterium Romanum'', was traditionally identified with

's first revision of the psalms completed in 384; which was thought to have been made from the ''Versio Vetus Latina'', with cursory corrections to bring it more in line with the psalms in the common Greek text of the Septuagint. More recent scholarship rejects this theory. The Roman Psalter is indeed one of five known revised versions of the mid-4th century Old Latin Psalter; but, compared with the four others the revisions in the Roman Psalter are in clumsy Latin and signally fail to follow Jerome's known translational principles, especially in failing to correct harmonised readings. Nevertheless, it is clear from Jerome's correspondence (especially in the long and detailed Epistle 106) that he was familiar with this psalter text, albeit without ever admitting any responsibility for it; and consequently it is assumed that the surviving ''Versio Romana'' represents the minimally revised Roman text as Jerome had found it. The Roman version is retained in the

Roman Missal The Roman Missal ( la, Missale Romanum) is the title of several missals used in the celebration of the Roman Rite. Along with other liturgical books of the Roman Rite, the Roman Missal contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of th ...

and is found in the writings of Pope

Gregory the Great Pope Gregory I ( la, Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death. He is known for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome, the Gregoria ...

, but for the Divine Office, it was, from the 9th century onwards, replaced throughout most of the

west West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...

by Jerome's so-called "Gallican" version. It lived on in England where it continued to be used until the

Norman Conquest The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conq ...

and in

Saint Peter's Basilica The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican ( it, Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica ( la, Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

and fragments of it were used in the Offices at St. Mark's Cathedral in

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

from at least 1609 until 1807.

''Versio Gallicana''

The ''Versio Gallicana'' or ''Psalterium Gallicanum'', also known as the Gallican Psalter (so called because it became spread in

Gaul Gaul ( la, Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first described by the Romans. It was inhabited by Celtic and Aquitani tribes, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, most of Switzerland, parts of Northern Italy (only during ...

from the 9th century onward) has traditionally been considered Jerome's second Latin translation of the Psalms, which he made from the Greek of the

between 386 and 389. This became the psalter of the

Sixto-Clementine Vulgate The Sixto-Clementine Vulgate or Clementine Vulgate () is the edition promulgated in 1592 by Pope Clement VIII of the Vulgate—a 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible that was written largely by Jerome. It was the second edition of the ...

bible. This most influential psalter has a distinctive style which is attributable to its origins as a translation of the

Septuagint The Greek Old Testament, or Septuagint (, ; from the la, septuaginta, lit=seventy; often abbreviated ''70''; in Roman numerals, LXX), is the earliest extant Greek translation of books from the Hebrew Bible. It includes several books beyond t ...

. Following the Septuagint, it eschews anthropomorphisms. For instance, the term ''rock'' is applied to God numerous times in the Hebrew Psalter, but the Latin term ''petra'' does not occur as an epithet for God in the ''gallicana''. Instead more abstract words like ''refugium'', "refuge"; ''locus munitus'', "place of strength"; or ''adiutor'', "helper" are used.''Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio''
Praenotanda
''IN PSALTERIO'', Editio typica altera

''Versio juxta Hebraicum''

The ''versio juxta Hebraicum'' or ''versio iuxta Hebraeos'' was the last made by Jerome. It is often informally called the "Hebrew Psalter" despite being written in Latin. Rather than just revise the ''Gallicana'', he translated these psalms anew from the

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

, using pre-

Masoretic The Masoretic Text (MT or 𝕸; he, נֻסָּח הַמָּסוֹרָה, Nūssāḥ Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Text of the Tradition') is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) in Rabbinic Judaism. ...

manuscripts ca. 392. This psalter was present in the Bibles until

Alcuin Alcuin of York (; la, Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus; 735 – 19 May 804) – also called Ealhwine, Alhwin, or Alchoin – was a scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student o ...

's reforms linked to the Carolingian liturgical reform: Alcuin replaced the ''versio juxta Hebraicum'' by a version of the psalter used in

at the time. The latter became known as the ''Gallican psalter'' (see the section above), and it superseded the ''versio juxta Hebraicum''. The ''versio juxta Hebraicum'' was kept in Spanish manuscripts of the Vulgate long after the Gallican psalter had supplanted it elsewhere. The ''versio juxta Hebraicum'' was never used in the

liturgy Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. ''Liturgy'' can also be used to refer specifically to public worship by Christians. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and partic ...

''Versio Piana''

Under

Pius XII Pius ( , ) Latin for "pious", is a masculine given name. Its feminine form is Pia. It may refer to: People Popes * Pope Pius (disambiguation) * Antipope Pius XIII (1918-2009), who led the breakaway True Catholic Church sect Given name * Pius ...

, a new Latin translation of the psalms, known as ''Versio Piana'', ''Psalterium Vaticanum'' or ''Novum Psalterium'', was published by the Pontifical Biblical Institute. This version is sometimes called the ''Bea psalter'' after its author, Augustin Bea. In 1945, its use was officially permitted by the pope through the ''

motu proprio In law, ''motu proprio'' (Latin for "on his own impulse") describes an official act taken without a formal request from another party. Some jurisdictions use the term '' sua sponte'' for the same concept. In Catholic canon law, it refers to a d ...

'' '' In cotidianis precibus'', but not required.

''Versio Nova Vulgata''

In 1969, a new psalter was published which translated the

while keeping much of the poetry and style of the Gallican psalter. The 1969 psalter deviates from the previous versions in that it follows the Masoretic numbering of the psalms, rather than the Septuagint enumeration. It is the psalter used in the edition of the Roman Office published in 1986.''Liturgia Horarum iuxta ritum Romanum: Editio typica altera'', Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2000, Vol. III, p. 9, item 3

Comparison

Below is a comparison of Jerome's two versions of the first three verses of the psalm ''Venite exsultemus'' (psalm 94 (95)) with the ''Vetus Latina'', ''Ambrosiana'', ''Mozarabica'', ''Romana'', ''Gallicana'', and ''Hebraicum'' versions, as well as the two 20th century versions (''Piana'' and ''Nova Vulgata''), which illustrates some of the distinctions noted above:

Enumeration

The enumeration of the psalms differs in the '' Nova Vulgata'' from that used in the earlier versions. The earlier versions take their enumeration from the Greek

. The ''Versio Nova Vulgata'' takes its enumeration from the Hebrew

Masoretic Text The Masoretic Text (MT or 𝕸; he, נֻסָּח הַמָּסוֹרָה, Nūssāḥ Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Text of the Tradition') is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) in Rabbinic Judaism. ...

* Psalms 9 and 10 in the Nova Vulgata are together as Psalm 9 in the older versions * Psalms 114 and 115 in the Nova Vulgata are Psalm 113 in the older versions * Psalms 114 and 115 in the older versions appear as Psalm 116 in the Nova Vulgata * Psalms 146 and 147 in the older versions form Psalm 147 in the Nova Vulgata * Psalms 10-112 and 116-145 (132 out of the 150) in the older versions are numbered lower by one than the same psalm in the Nova Vulgata. * Psalms 1-8 and 148-150, 11 psalms in total, are numbered the same in both the old versions and the new one.

Divisions

Apart from the ''schemata'' described below, it was customary in medieval psalters to divide the text of the psalms in numerical sequence into sections or divisions, the start of which were typically marked by a much larger and more decorated initial letter than for the other psalms. The "B" of Psalm 1,

Beatus Vir Beatus vir (; "Blessed is the man...") are the first words in the Latin Vulgate Bible of both Psalm 1 and Psalm 112 (in the general modern numbering; it is Psalm 111 in the Greek Septuagint and the Vulgate). In each case, the words are used to ...

, usually was the most enlarged and decorated, and often those two words occupied a full page, the rounded shape of the letter being very suitable for decoration. These are often referred to as "

Beatus initial Beatus vir (; "Blessed is the man...") are the first words in the Latin Vulgate Bible of both Psalm 1 and Psalm 112 (in the general modern numbering; it is Psalm 111 in the Greek Septuagint and the Vulgate). In each case, the words are used t ...

s". In Early Medieval psalters a three-fold division with decorated letters at Psalms 1, 51, 101 was typical, but by the Gothic period French psalters were often divided into eight sections, and English ones into ten, at Psalms 1, 26, 38, 51, 52, 68, 80, 97, 101 and 109.

Schemata

A scheme (Latin ''schema'', plural ''schemata'') is an arrangement of all or most of the psalms for distribution to the various

. In addition to the psalms proper, these schemata typically include psalm-like

canticle A canticle (from the Latin ''canticulum'', a diminutive of ''canticum'', "song") is a hymn, psalm or other Christian song of praise with lyrics usually taken from biblical or holy texts. Canticles are used in Christian liturgy. Catholic Church ...

s from other books of the

Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus ...

. Historically, these schemata have distributed the entire 150 psalms with added canticles over a period of one week, although the 1971 Liturgy of the Hours omits a few psalms and some verses and distributes the remainder over a 4-week cycle. Some of the more important schemes are detailed below. In addition to the rotating ''schema'', the order of service has ordinary texts that are fixed. These include the Invitatory, normally psalm 94(95), and the canticles '' Benedictus Dominus'', ''

Magnificat The Magnificat (Latin for " y soulmagnifies he Lord) is a canticle, also known as the Song of Mary, the Canticle of Mary and, in the Byzantine tradition, the Ode of the Theotokos (). It is traditionally incorporated into the liturgical servic ...

'', and ''

Nunc dimittis The Nunc dimittis (), also known as the Song of Simeon or the Canticle of Simeon, is a canticle taken from the second chapter of the Gospel of Luke, verses 29 through 32. Its Latin name comes from its incipit, the opening words, of the Vulgat ...

''.

Schema of Pope Pius V

As commissioned by the

Council of Trent The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described a ...

, St. Pius V published a reform of the Roman Breviary in 1568 for use by the churches of the

Roman rite The Roman Rite ( la, Ritus Romanus) is the primary liturgical rite of the Latin Church, the largest of the ''sui iuris'' particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church. It developed in the Latin language in the city of Rome and, while di ...

. Th
scheme used in this breviary
differs in some details from th

but follows its overall pattern. Some obvious differences are that Sunday had three nocturns, while the other days had but one; Lauds and the daytime hours had less variation in the Psalmody; and Compline added Psalm 30. In addition, while St. Benedict made heavy use of "divided" Psalms, the Roman rite divided only Psalm 118. This scheme was used by many religious orders as well, such as the Dominicans (of which Pope Pius V was a member).

Schema of Pope Pius X

In 1911,

Pope Pius X Pope Pius X ( it, Pio X; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing modernist interpretations of ...

reformed the Roman Breviary, re-arranging the psalms into
new scheme
so that there was less repetition and so that each day of the week had approximately the same amount of psalm-chanting. Psalm 94 (the Invitiatory) was recited every day at the beginning of Matins. With

Lauds Lauds is a canonical hour of the Divine office. In the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours it is one of the major hours, usually held after Matins, in the early morning hours. Name The name is derived from the three last psalms of the psalter (148 ...

, there are two schemes.

I were celebrated on all Sundays and ferias, except from Septuagesima until

Palm Sunday Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter. The feast commemorates Christ's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, an event mentioned in each of the four canonical Gospels. Palm Sunday marks the first day of Hol ...

inclusive, and on feasts celebrated at any time of the year. Lauds II, having a more penitential character, were used on the Sundays and ferias of Advent until the vigil of

Christmas Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year ...

and from Septuagesima until Monday of

Holy Week Holy Week ( la, Hebdomada Sancta or , ; grc, Ἁγία καὶ Μεγάλη Ἑβδομάς, translit=Hagia kai Megale Hebdomas, lit=Holy and Great Week) is the most sacred week in the liturgical year in Christianity. In Eastern Churches, w ...

inclusive. They were also used on vigils of the second and third class outside of Paschaltide. When Lauds II were said, the omitted psalm was said as a fourth psalm at Prime, in order to include all 150 psalms each week during penitential seasons; on Sundays with Lauds II, the scheme became 92, 99, 118i, and 118ii. On feasts which used the Sunday psalms, 53, 118i, and 118ii were said at Prime. On Sundays after Epiphany and Pentecost, the

Athanasian Creed The Athanasian Creed, also called the Pseudo-Athanasian Creed and sometimes known as ''Quicunque Vult'' (or ''Quicumque Vult''), which is both its Latin name and its opening words, meaning "Whosoever wishes", is a Christian statement of belie ...

was said fourth at Prime; it was omitted if a commemoration of a Double feast or of an octave occurred.

Schema of Pope Paul VI

In 1971 with the release of a new edition of the Divine Office under

Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI ( la, Paulus VI; it, Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, ; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City, Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his ...

, the ''Liturgia Horarum'',
new schema
was introduced which distributed 147 of the 150 psalms across a four-week cycle.

Psalterium Monasticum

The ''Psalterium Monasticum'' is a psalter produced by the monks of Solesmes Abbey in 1981 " allow monks and nuns to celebrate in

Gregorian chant Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church. Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe dur ...

" the

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...

Office An office is a space where an organization's employees perform administrative work in order to support and realize objects and goals of the organization. The word "office" may also denote a position within an organization with specific ...

reformed by Vatican II. It contains all 150 psalms and uses the Latin of the '' Nova Vulgata''. It contains four schemas (A, B, C, D).

Notes

References

External links

Latin psalters * Vetus Latina psalter (pp. 9–293) Latin text
Breviarium Ambrosianum
Latin text

Latin text

Latin text
Psalterium juxta Hebraicumalso available here
Latin text * Psalterium Mozarabicum Latin text
Psalterium Pianum
Latin text

Latin text

A very nice, practical and versatile version to read the psalter online.
Liberpsalmorum.info
A list of the different Latin psalters from the ''Vetus Latina'' to the ''Nova Vulgata''. Miscellaneous
Theo Keller's comparison
of the psalm ''De profundis'', giving the Roman, Gallican, Pian, and Neo-Vulgate versions of psalm 129.
Fr. John Zuhlsdorf's comparison
of the psalm ''Beatus vir'', giving the Roman, Gallican, Neo-vulgate, Pian, and Ambrosian versions of psalm 1.
Theo Keller's tables
of historical psalter schemas. Includes the four choices of the Psalterium Monasticum above