The Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople was an office established as a result of the

Fourth Crusade The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid S ...

and its conquest of Constantinople in 1204. It was a

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

replacement for the

Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonical ...

Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople ( el, Οἰκουμενικὸν Πατριαρχεῖον Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, translit=Oikoumenikón Patriarkhíon Konstantinoupóleos, ; la, Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constanti ...

, and remained in the city until the reconquest of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261, whereupon it became a

titular see A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular metropolitan" (highest rank), "titular archbi ...

. The office was abolished in 1964.

History

Before the

East–West Schism The East–West Schism (also known as the Great Schism or Schism of 1054) is the ongoing break of communion between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches since 1054. It is estimated that, immediately after the schism occurred, a ...

in 1054, the Christian Church within the borders of the ancient

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...

was effectively ruled by five

patriarch The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in c ...

s (the " Pentarchy"): In descending order of precedence:

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

by the

Bishop of Rome A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ...

(who rarely used the title "Patriarch") and those of

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...

Alexandria Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandri ...

Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ� ...

, and

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

. In the West the Bishop of Rome was recognized as having superiority over the other Patriarchs, while in the East, the Patriarch of Constantinople gradually came to occupy a leading position. The sees of Rome and Constantinople were often at odds with one another, just as the Greek and Latin Churches as a whole were often at odds both politically and in things ecclesiastical. There were complex cultural currents underlying these difficulties. The tensions led in 1054 to a serious rupture between the Greek East and Latin West called the

, which while not in many places absolute, still dominates the ecclesiastical landscape. In 1204, the

invaded, seized and sacked Constantinople, and established the

Latin Empire The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. The Latin Empire was intended to replace the Byza ...

. The Pope, who was not involved, initially spoke out against the Crusade, writing in a letter to his legate, "How, indeed, is the Greek church to be brought back into ecclesiastical union and to a devotion for the Apostolic See when she has been beset with so many afflictions and persecutions that she sees in the Latins only an example of perdition and the works of darkness, so that she now, and with reason, detests the Latins more than dogs?" However the popes accepted the Latin patriarchate established by Catholic clergy that accompanied the Crusade, similar to Latin patriarchates previously established in the

Crusader states The Crusader States, also known as Outremer, were four Catholic realms in the Middle East that lasted from 1098 to 1291. These feudal polities were created by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade through conquest and political i ...

of the

Holy Land The Holy Land; Arabic: or is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine. The term "Holy ...

. The pope recognised these "

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...

" sees at the

Fourth Council of the Lateran The Fourth Council of the Lateran or Lateran IV was convoked by Pope Innocent III in April 1213 and opened at the Lateran Palace in Rome on 11 November 1215. Due to the great length of time between the Council's convocation and meeting, many b ...

. Furthermore, those Orthodox bishops left in their place were made to swear an oath of allegiance to the pope. However, the Latin Empire in Constantinople was eventually defeated and dispossessed by a resurgent

Byzantium Byzantium () or Byzantion ( grc, Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city in classical antiquity that became known as Constantinople in late antiquity and Istanbul today. The Greek name ''Byzantion'' and its Latinization ''Byzantium' ...

in 1261. Since that time Latin Patriarch

Pantaleonе Giustinian Pantaleone Giustinian (before 1229 – 1286) was a Venetian nobleman and cleric, who served as the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople from 1253 until his death. Pantaleone Giustinian was the son of Philip Giustinian, lord of the Greek islands of ...

(d. 1286) resided in the West, though continuing to oversee the remaining Latin Catholic dioceses in various parts of

Latin Greece The ''Frankokratia'' ( el, Φραγκοκρατία, la, Francocratia, sometimes anglicized as Francocracy, "rule of the Franks"), also known as ''Latinokratia'' ( el, Λατινοκρατία, la, Latinocratia, "rule of the Latins") a ...

. The continuing threat of a Catholic Crusade to restore the Latin Empire, championed by the ambitious

Charles I of Anjou Charles I (early 1226/12277 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou. He was Count of Provence (1246–85) and Forcalquier (1246–48, 1256–85) i ...

, led to the first attempts, on the Byzantine side, to effect a Union of the Churches. After the

Union of Lyon (1274) :''The First Council of Lyon, the Thirteenth Ecumenical Council, took place in 1245.'' The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon, Kingdom of Arl ...

, John Bekkos was installed as a Greek Catholic Patriarch of Constantinople in 1275, but that did not affect the position of Pantaleonе Giustinian. His Greek Catholic counterpart was deposed in 1282 by

hierarchy, thus ending a short-lived union. in 1286, Latin Patriarch Pantaleonе Giustinian was succeeded by Pietro Correr who was the first holder of that office in a new form of a

. On 8 February 1314,

Pope Clement V Pope Clement V ( la, Clemens Quintus; c. 1264 – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled ''de Guoth'' and ''de Goth''), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his de ...

united the Patriarchate with the episcopal see of Negroponte (

Chalcis Chalcis ( ; Ancient Greek & Katharevousa: , ) or Chalkida, also spelled Halkida (Modern Greek: , ), is the chief town of the island of Euboea or Evia in Greece, situated on the Euripus Strait at its narrowest point. The name is preserved fro ...

), hitherto a

suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdiction ...

of the Latin Archbishopric of Athens, so that the patriarchs could once more have a territorial diocese on Greek soil and exercise a direct role as the head of the Latin clergy in what remained of

. For a time, like many ecclesiastical offices in the West, it had rival contenders who were supporters or protégés of the rival popes. As to the title Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, this was the case at least from 1378 to 1423. Thereafter the office continued as an honorific title, during the later centuries attributed to a leading clergyman in Rome, until it ceased to be assigned after 1948 and was suppressed in January 1964, along with the titles of Latin Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch. A Vicariate Apostolic of Istanbul (until 1990, Constantinople) has existed from 1742 into the present day.

List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople

* Tommaso Morosini (1204–1211)"Constantinople (Titular See)"
''

Catholic-Hierarchy.org ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org'' is an online database of bishops and dioceses of the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Catholic Churches. The website is not officially sanctioned by the Church. It is run as a private project by David M. Cheney in ...

''. David M. Cheney. retrieved March 24, 2016"Titular Patriarchal See of Constantinople"
''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved March 24, 2016 ** ''Vacant'' (1211–1215) * Gervasio (1215–1219) ** ''Vacant'' (1219–1221) *

Matteo Matteo is the Italian form of the given name Matthew. Another form is Mattia. The Hebrew meaning of Matteo is "gift of god". Matteo can also be used as a patronymic surname, often in the forms of de Matteo, De Matteo or DeMatteo, meaning " escenda ...

(1221–1226) * Jean Halgrin (1226), declined office * Simon of Maugastel (1227–1233) ** ''Vacant'' (1233–1234) * Niccolò Visconti da Castro Arquato (1234–1251) ** ''Vacant'' (1251–1253) *

(1253–1286); After 1261, resided in the West * Pietro Correr (1286–1302) * Leonardo Faliero (1302–c. 1305) * Nicholas of Thebes (c. 1308–c. 1335), later cardinal (1332–1335) * (1335–1339) *

Rolando d'Asti Rolando may refer to: Entertainment *''Rolando'', a 2008 puzzle-adventure video game *'' Rolando 2: Quest for the Golden Orchid'', a 2009 puzzle-adventure video game *"Rolando", a song by Roland Kirk from the album ''Domino'' People *Rolando (giv ...

(1339) (died immediately) * Enrico d'Asti (1339–1345), bishop of Negroponte *

Stephen of Pinu Stephen or Steven is a common English first name. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen ( grc-gre, Στέφανος ), an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; ...

(1346) *

William William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...

(1346–1364) * Pierre Thomas (1364–1366) * Paul (1366–1370) * Ugolino Malabranca de Orvieto (1371–c. 1375), bishop of Rimini * (1376–1378), archbishop of Otranto *

Paul Palaiologos Tagaris Paul Palaiologos Tagaris ( el, Παῦλος Παλαιολόγος Τάγαρις, – after 1394) was a Byzantine Greek monk and impostor. A scion of the Tagaris family, Paul also claimed a somewhat dubious connection with the Palaiologos dy ...

(1379/80–1384) ** ''Vacant'' (1384–1390) * Angelo Correr (1390–1405), later Pope Gregory XII * Louis of Mytilene (Ludovico? Luiz?) (1406–1408) * Antonio Correr (1408) * Alfonso of Seville (1408) *

Francesco Lando Francesco, the Italian (and original) version of the personal name "Francis", is the most common given name among males in Italy. Notable persons with that name include: People with the given name Francesco * Francesco I (disambiguation), seve ...

(1409), patriarch of

Grado Grado may refer to: People * Cristina Grado (1939–2016), Italian film actress * Jonathan Grado (born 1991), American entrepreneur and photographer * Francesco De Grado ( fl. 1694–1730), Italian engraver * Gaetano Grado, Italian mafioso * ...

* Giovanni Contarini (1409–c. 1412) Contarini was at the

Council of Constance The Council of Constance was a 15th-century ecumenical council recognized by the Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418 in the Bishopric of Constance in present-day Germany. The council ended the Western Schism by deposing or accepting the r ...

in November 1414. *

Jean de la Rochetaillée Jean de La Rochetaillée (died 1437) was a French churchman, eminent jurist, and Cardinal. His real name was Jean de Fort. He was bishop of Saint-Papoul in 1413, bishop of Geneva in 1418, and bishop of Paris in 1421/2. He became archbishop of R ...

(1412–1423) * Giovanni Contarini (1424–1430?), restored * François de Conzié (1430–1432) ** ''Vacant'' (1432–1438) *

Francesco Condulmer Francesco Condulmer (1390 – 30 October 1453) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was made cardinal on 19 September 1431 by his uncle, Pope Eugenius IV, and accumulated many offices and dignities. He was Camerlengo of the Holy Roma ...

(1438–1453) * Gregory Mammas (1453–1458), formerly Orthodox

Patriarch of Constantinople The ecumenical patriarch ( el, Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης, translit=Oikoumenikós Patriárchēs) is the archbishop of Constantinople (Istanbul), New Rome and '' primus inter pares'' (first among equals) among the heads of th ...

as Gregory III * Isidore of Kiev (1458–1462) * Bessarion (1463–1472) * Pietro Riario (1472–1474) * Girolamo Lando (1474–c. 1496), Archbishop of Crete *

Giovanni Michiel Giovanni Michiel (* 1446 or 1447, died 1503) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and bishop. Biography Giovanni Michiel was born in Venice sometime between April 1446 and April 1447, the son of Lorenzo Michiel and Nicolosa Barbo, sister of t ...

(1497–1503) Bishop of Verona, later Cardinal *

Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el mayor Juan de Borja Lanzol (Llançol) de Romaní, el mayor (1446 – August 1, 1503) was the first of ten cardinal-nephews elevated by Pope Alexander VI, the cousin of his father, Galcerán de Borja y Moncada. Biography Borja was the son of Galcer ...

(1503) * Francisco Galcerán de Lloris y de Borja (1503–1506) *

Marco Cornaro Marco Cornaro (c. 1286 – 13 January 1368), also known as Marco Corner, was the 59th doge of Venice, ruling between 1365 and 1368. His brief reign saw the loss of Venetian territory to Genoa and the Ottoman Empire, though Venice was to enjoy eco ...

(1506–1507) * Tamás Bakócz (1507–1521) *

(1521–1524), restored *

Giles of Viterbo Giles Antonini, O.E.S.A., commonly referred to as Giles of Viterbo ( la, Ægidius Viterbensis, it, Egidio da Viterbo), was a 16th-century Italian Augustinian friar, bishop of Viterbo and cardinal, a reforming theologian, orator, humanist and po ...

(1524–1530),

Cardinal bishop A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. C ...

Viterbo Viterbo (; Viterbese: ; lat-med, Viterbium) is a city and ''comune'' in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It conquered and absorbed the neighboring town of Ferento (see Ferentium) in its early history ...

Francesco Pesaro Francesco, the Italian (and original) version of the personal name "Francis", is the most common given name among males in Italy. Notable persons with that name include: People with the given name Francesco * Francesco I (disambiguation), seve ...

(1530–1545) Archbishop of Zadar *

Marino Grimani Marino Grimani (c.1489–1546) was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from an aristocratic Venetian family. He was elected bishop of Ceneda in 1508, when he was under age. He was patriarch of Aquileia in 1517. He was created Cardina ...

(1545–1546) * Ranuccio Farnese (1546–1550) * Fabio Colonna (1550–1554), bishop of

Aversa Aversa () is a city and '' comune'' in the Province of Caserta in Campania, southern Italy, about 24 km north of Naples. It is the centre of an agricultural district, the ''Agro Aversano'', producing wine and cheese (famous for the typical ...

* Ranuccio Farnese (1554–1565) restored *

Scipione Rebiba Scipione Rebiba (3 February 1504 – 23 July 1577) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church, a protégé of Gian Pietro Carafa, who became Pope Paul IV. He held a variety of positions in the Church hierarchy, including some of the most sen ...

(1565–1573)

of Albano * Prospero Rebiba (1573–1593)

Bishop of Troia A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

* Silvio Savelli (cardinal) (1594–1596) * Ercole Tassoni (1596–1597) * Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini (1598–1627?) * Bonaventura Secusio (1599–1618)"Patriarch Bonaventura Secusio, O.F.M. Obs."
''

''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 30, 2016 *

Ascanio Gesualdo Ascanio Gesualdo (died 27 January 1638) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Bari (1613–1638), Titular Patriarch of Constantinople (1618–1638), and Apostolic Nuncio to the Emperor (1617–1621).

(1618–1638)"Patriarch Ascanio Gesualdo"
''

''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016 * Francesco Maria Macchiavelli (1640–1641) *

Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli (1587 – 3 September 1651) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal Secretary of State. Life Panciroli was born in 1587 in Rome and was educated there, receiving a doctorate '' utroque iure'' in 1605. He bec ...

(1641–1643) * Giovanni Battista Spada (1643–1675?) * Volumnio Bandinelli (1658–1660), later Cardinal * Stefano Ugolini (1667–1681) * Odoardo Cibo (Cybo) (1689–1706?), titular archbishop of

Seleucia Seleucia (; grc-gre, Σελεύκεια), also known as or , was a major Mesopotamian city of the Seleucid empire. It stood on the west bank of the Tigris River, within the present-day Baghdad Governorate in Iraq. Name Seleucia ( grc-gre, ...

in Isauria * Luigi Pico della Mirandola (1706–1712) * Andrea Riggio (1716–1717) * Camillo Cibo (Cybo) (1718–1729) * Mondillo Orsini (1729–1751) * Ferdinando Maria de Rossi (1751–1759) * Filippo Caucci (1760–1771) * Juan Portugal de la Puebla (1771–1781), later cardinal * Francesco Antonio Marcucci (1781–1798) * Benedetto Fenaja (1805–1823) * Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani (1823–1835) * Cardinal Giovanni Soglia Ceroni (1835–1839) * Antonio Maria Traversi (1839–1842) * Giovanni Giacomo Sinibaldi (1843) * Cardinal Fabio Maria Asquini (1844–1845) * Giovanni Giuseppe Canali (1845–1851) * Domenico Lucciardi (1851–1860) * Giuseppe Melchiade Ferlisi (1860–1865) * Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei (1866–1878) * Giacomo Gallo (1878–1881) ** ''Vacant'' (1881–1887) * Giulio Lenti (1887–1895) *Cardinal

Giovanni Battista Casali del Drago Giovanni Battista Casali del Drago (30 January 1838 – 17 March 1908) was an Italian cardinal and member of the Italian noble family. He was a second cousin of the Prince del Drago Don Giovanni Battista ''dei Principi'' del Drago, Marchese ...

(1895–1899) *Cardinal Alessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella (1899–1901) * Cardinal

Carlo Nocella Carlo Nocella (25 November 1826 – 22 July 1908) was an Italian cardinal. He was Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation (1892–1899), Latin Patriarch of Antioch (1899–1901), and Latin Patriarch of Constantinople (1901–1903) ...

(1901–1903), died 1908, former

Latin Patriarch of Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ� ...

Giuseppe Ceppetelli Giuseppe Ceppetelli (15 March 1846 – 12 March 1917) was an Italian Roman Catholic archbishop. At the time of his death, he was the Titular Patriarch of Constantinople. He was ordained on Holy Saturday of 1870 and was consecrated by the Vicar G ...

(1903–1917) ** ''Vacant'' (1917–1923) * Michele Zezza di Zapponeta (1923–1927) *

Antonio Anastasio Rossi Antonio Anastasio Rossi (18 July 1864 – 29 March 1948) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate. Rossi was Archbishop of Udine from 8 January 1910 to 1927. On 19 December 1927, was appointed Prelate of Pompei and Latin Patriarch of Constantino ...

(1927–1948) * ''Vacancy from 1948 until the Latin titular patriarchate was abolished in 1964''.

References

Sources and external links

* Giorgio Fedalto, ''La Chiesa latina in Oriente'', Mazziana, Verona, 2nd ed. 1981, e vol. * * *
List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople
by GCatholic.org

{{DEFAULTSORT:Constantinople, Latin Patriarchate Frankokratia Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Asia Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Europe Latin Empire East–West Schism Lists of Roman Catholics Turkey religion-related lists 1204 establishments in Europe 1964 disestablishments in Italy

History

List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople

See also

References

Sources and external links