1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers
> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river
estuaries.
2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes
(e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle (French pronunciation: [la ʁɔ.ʃɛl]) is a city
in western
France
France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the
Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the
Charente-Maritime
Charente-Maritime department.
The city is connected to the
Île de Ré
Île de Ré by a 2.9-kilometre (1.8-mile)
bridge completed on 19 May 1988. Its harbour opens into a protected
strait, the Pertuis d'Antioche.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Antiquity
1.2 Foundation
1.3 Plantagenet rule (1154–1224)
1.4 Knights Templar
1.5 Hundred Years' War
1.6 French Wars of Religion
1.7
Huguenot
Huguenot rebellions
1.7.1 Revolt of Soubise (1625)
1.7.2
Siege of La Rochelle
Siege of La Rochelle (1627–1628)
1.8
La Rochelle
La Rochelle and the New World
1.9
La Rochelle
La Rochelle faience
1.10 19th century
1.11 Second World War
2 Geography
2.1 Geology
2.2 Climate
3 Population
4 Today
5 Tourism
6 Transport
7 Education
8 Landmarks
9 Notable people
9.1 Born in La Rochelle
9.2 Lived in La Rochelle
10 Sport
11 Twin towns – Sister cities
12 See also
13 References
14 Bibliography
15 External links
History[edit]
See also: Timeline of La Rochelle
Antiquity[edit]
Coastline around
La Rochelle
La Rochelle in Roman times.
The area of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was occupied in antiquity by the Gallic tribe
of the Santones, who gave their name to the nearby region of Saintonge
and the city of Saintes.[citation needed]
The Romans subsequently occupied the area, where they developed salt
production along the coast as well as wine production, which was then
re-exported throughout the Empire.[citation needed] Roman villas have
been found at Saint-Éloi and at Les Minimes, as well as salt
evaporation ponds dating from the same period.
Foundation[edit]
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was founded during the 10th century and became an
important harbour in the 12th century.[citation needed] The
establishment of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle as a harbour was a consequence of the
victory of Duke Guillaume X of Aquitaine over Isambert de
Châtelaillon
Châtelaillon in 1130 and the subsequent destruction of his harbour of
Châtelaillon.[1] In 1137, Guillaume X to all intents and purposes
made
La Rochelle
La Rochelle a free port and gave it the right to establish itself
as a commune. Fifty years later
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine upheld the
communal charter promulgated by her father, and for the first time in
France, a city mayor was appointed for La Rochelle, Guillaume de
Montmirail. Guillaume was assisted in his responsibilities by 24
municipal magistrates, and 75 notables who had jurisdiction over the
inhabitants. Under the communal charter, the city obtained many
privileges, such as the right to mint its own coins, and to operate
some businesses free of royal taxes, factors which would favour the
development of the entrepreneurial middle-class
(bourgeoisie).[citation needed]
Plantagenet rule (1154–1224)[edit]
Left image:
Vauclair castle
Vauclair castle was built by the English in 1185.
Right image: Remnants of Vauclair castle, Place de Verdun, La
Rochelle.
Eleanor married Henry Plantagenet in 1152, who became king of England
as Henry II in 1154, thus putting
La Rochelle
La Rochelle under Plantagenet rule,
until Louis VIII captured it in the 1224 Siege of La Rochelle. During
the Plantagenet control of the city in 1185, Henry II had the Vauclair
castle built, remains of which are still visible in the Place de
Verdun.[2]
Left image: Cour de la Commanderie in La Rochelle, ancient location of
the Templars' headquarters.
Right image: Original Templar cross, Cour de la Commanderie.
The main activities of the city were in the areas of maritime commerce
and trade, especially with England, the Netherlands and Spain. In
1196, a wealthy bourgeois named
Alexandre Auffredi
Alexandre Auffredi sent a fleet of
seven ships to Africa to tap the riches of the continent. He went
bankrupt and went into poverty as he waited for the return of his
ships, but they finally returned seven years later filled with riches.
Knights Templar[edit]
The
Knights Templar
Knights Templar had a strong presence in
La Rochelle
La Rochelle since before
the time of Eleanor of Aquitaine, who exempted them from duties and
gave them mills in her 1139 Charter.[3]
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was for the
Templars their largest base on the Atlantic Ocean,[4] and where they
stationed their main fleet.[5] From La Rochelle, they were able to act
as intermediaries in trade between England and the Mediterranean.[4] A
popular thread of conspiracy theory originating with Holy Blood, Holy
Grail has it that the Templars used a fleet of 18 ships which had
brought
Jacques de Molay
Jacques de Molay from
Cyprus
Cyprus to
La Rochelle
La Rochelle to escape arrest
in France. The fleet allegedly left laden with knights and treasures
just before the issue of the warrant for the arrest of the Order in
October 1307.[6][7]
Hundred Years' War[edit]
During the
Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War in 1360, following the Treaty of
Bretigny
La Rochelle
La Rochelle again came under the rule of the English monarch.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle however expelled the English in June 1372, following the
naval Battle of La Rochelle, between Castilian-French and English
fleets. The French and Spanish decisively defeated the English,
securing French control of the Channel for the first time since the
Battle of Sluys
Battle of Sluys in 1340. The naval battle of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was one of
the first cases of the use of handguns on warships, which were
deployed by the French and Spanish against the English.[8] Having
recovered freedom,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle refused entry to Du Guesclin, until
Charles V recognized the privileges of the city in November 1372.
In 1402, the French adventurer
Jean de Béthencourt
Jean de Béthencourt left La Rochelle
and sailed along the coast of
Morocco
Morocco to conquer the Canary
islands.[9]
Until the 15th century,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was to be the largest French
harbour on the Atlantic coast, dealing mainly in wine, salt and
cheese.
French Wars of Religion[edit]
Main article: French Wars of Religion
Left image: Remains of Reformation iconoclasm, Clocher
Saint-Barthélémy, La Rochelle.
Right image: Remains of iconoclasm, Eglise Saint-Sauveur, La Rochelle.
During the Renaissance,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle adopted Protestant ideas.
Calvinism
Calvinism started to be propagated in the region of La Rochelle,
resulting in its suppression through the establishment of Cours
présidiaux tribunals by Henry II. An early result of this was the
burning at the stake of two "heretics" in
La Rochelle
La Rochelle in 1552.[10]
Conversions to
Calvinism
Calvinism however continued, due to a change of
religious beliefs, but also to a desire for political independence on
the part of the local elite, and a popular opposition to royal
expenses and requisitions in the building projects to fortify the
coast against England.[10]
On the initiative of Gaspard de Coligny, the Calvinists attempted to
colonize the
New World
New World to find a new home for their religion, with the
likes of
Pierre Richier
Pierre Richier and Jean de Léry. After the short-lived
attempt of
France
France Antarctique, they failed to establish a colony in
Brazil, and finally resolved to make a stand in La Rochelle
itself.[11]
Pierre Richier
Pierre Richier became "Ministre de l'église de la
Rochelle" ("Minister of the Church of La Rochelle") when he returned
from
Brazil
Brazil in 1558, and was able to considerably increase the
Huguenot
Huguenot presence in La Rochelle, from a small base of about 50 souls
who had been secretly educated in the
Lutheran
Lutheran faith by Charles de
Clermont the previous year. He has been described, by Lancelot Voisin
de La Popelinière, as "le père de l'église de La Rochelle" ("The
Father of the Church of La Rochelle").
Protestant "Grand Temple" of La Rochelle, built on the Place du
Château, modern Place de Verdun, in 1600–1603. Accidentally burned
down in 1687.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was the first French city, with Rouen, to experience
iconoclastic riots in 1560, at the time of the suppression of the
Amboise conspiracy, before the riots spread to many other cities.[12]
Further cases of
Reformation iconoclasm
Reformation iconoclasm were recorded in La Rochelle
from 30 May 1562, following the Massacre of Vassy. Protestants
pillaged churches, destroyed images and statues, and also assassinated
13 Catholic priests in the Tower of the Lantern.[13]
From 1568,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle became a centre for the Huguenots, and the city
declared itself an independent Reformed Republic on the model of
Geneva.[14] During the subsequent period,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle became an entity
that has been described as a "state within a state".[15] This led to
numerous conflicts with the Catholic central government. The city
supported the Protestant movement of William of Orange in the
Netherlands, and from
La Rochelle
La Rochelle the Dutch under
Louis of Nassau
Louis of Nassau and
the
Sea Beggars
Sea Beggars were able to raid Spanish shipping.[16][17]
In 1571 the city of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle suffered a naval blockade by the
French Navy
French Navy under the command of
Filippo di Piero Strozzi
Filippo di Piero Strozzi and Antoine
Escalin des Aimars, a former protagonist of the Franco-Ottoman
alliance.[18] The city was finally besieged during the Siege of La
Rochelle (1572-1573) during the French Wars of Religion, following the
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in August 1572, and occurred at the
same time as other sieges of Protestant cities such as the Siege of
Sancerre. The conflict ended with the 1573 Peace of La Rochelle, which
restricted the Protestant worship to the three cities of Montauban,
Nîmes
Nîmes and La Rochelle.
Pierre Richier
Pierre Richier died in
La Rochelle
La Rochelle in 1580.
Huguenot
Huguenot rebellions[edit]
Main article:
Huguenot
Huguenot rebellions
La Rochelle
La Rochelle in 1628. Detail of
Claude Lorrain
Claude Lorrain Le siège de La
Rochelle.
Under Henry IV, and under the regency of his son Louis XIII, the city
enjoyed a certain freedom and prosperity. However,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle entered
into conflict with the authority of the adult Louis, beginning with a
1622 revolt.[19] A fleet from
La Rochelle
La Rochelle fought a royal fleet of 35
ships under Charles, Duke of Guise, in front of Saint-Martin-de-Ré,
but was defeated on 27 October 1622, leading to the signing of the
Peace of Montpellier.[19]
Revolt of Soubise (1625)[edit]
Main article: Capture of Ré island
In 1625, a new
Huguenot
Huguenot revolt led by Duke
Henri de Rohan
Henri de Rohan and his
brother Soubise led to the
Capture of Ré island
Capture of Ré island by the forces of
Louis XIII. Soubise conquered large parts of the Atlantic coast, but
the supporting fleet of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was finally defeated by
Montmorency, as was Soubise with 3,000 when he led a counter-attack
against the royal troops who had landed on the island of Ré.[20]
Siege of La Rochelle
Siege of La Rochelle (1627–1628)[edit]
Main article: Siege of La Rochelle
Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu at the Siege of La Rochelle, Henri Motte, 1881.
Following these events,
Louis XIII
.jpg/440px-Luis_XIII,_rey_de_Francia_(Philippe_de_Champaigne).jpg)
Louis XIII and his Chief Minister Cardinal
Richelieu declared the suppression of the
Huguenot
Huguenot revolt the first
priority of the kingdom. The English came to the support of La
Rochelle, starting an Anglo-French War, by sending a major expedition
under the Duke of Buckingham. The expedition however ended in a fiasco
for England with the Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré. Meanwhile, cannon
shots were exchanged on 10 September 1627 between
La Rochelle
La Rochelle and
Royal troops. This resulted in the
Siege of La Rochelle
Siege of La Rochelle in which
Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal Richelieu blockaded the city for 14 months, until the city
surrendered and lost its mayor and its privileges.
Expulsion from
La Rochelle
La Rochelle of 300 Protestant families in November
1661,
Jan Luiken
Jan Luiken (1649–1712).
The remaining Protestants of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle suffered new persecutions,
when 300 families were again expelled in November 1661, the year Louis
XIV came to power. The reason for the expulsions was that Catholics
deeply resented a degree of revival of Protestant ownership of
property within the city.[21]
The growing persecution of the
Huguenots
Huguenots culminated with the
Revocation of the Edict of
Nantes
Nantes by Louis XIV in 1685. Many Huguenots
emigrated, founding such cities as
New Rochelle
New Rochelle in the vicinity of
today's New York in 1689. La Rochelle, and the siege of 1627 form much
of the backdrop to the later chapters of Alexandre Dumas, père's
classic novel, The Three Musketeers.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle and the New World[edit]
Further information: France-Americas relations
La Rochelle
La Rochelle slave ship Le Saphir ex-voto, 1741.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle harbour in 1762. Joseph Vernet. Musée de la Marine.
Because of its western location, which saved days of sailing time, La
Rochelle enjoyed successful fishing in the western Atlantic and
trading with the New World, which served to counterbalance the
disadvantage of not being at the mouth of a river (useful for shipping
goods to and from the interior). Its Protestant ship-owning and
merchant class prospered in the 16th century until the Wars of
Religion devastated the city.[22]
The period following the wars was a prosperous one, marked by intense
exchanges with the
New World
New World (Nouvelle
France
France in Canada, and the
Antilles).
La Rochelle
La Rochelle became very active in triangular trade with the
New World, dealing in the slave trade with Africa, sugar trade with
plantations of the West Indies, and fur trade with Canada. This was a
period of high artistic, cultural and architectural achievements for
the city.
Robert de La Salle departed from La Rochelle, France, on 24 July 1684,
with the aim of setting up a colony at the mouth of the Mississippi,
eventually establishing Fort Saint Louis in Texas.[23]
The city eventually lost its trade and prominence during the decades
spanning the Seven Years' War, the
French revolution
French revolution and the
Napoleonic Wars. During that period
France
France lost many of the
territorial possessions which it had had in the new World, and also
saw a strong decrease in its sea power in the continuing conflicts
with Britain, ultimately diminishing the role of such harbours as La
Rochelle. After abolitionist movements led by such people as Samuel de
Missy, the slave trade of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle ended with the onset of the
French Revolution and the war with England in the 1790s, the last La
Rochelle slave ship, the Saint-Jacques being captured in 1793 in the
Gulf of Guinea.[24] In February 1794, the National Assembly legislated
the Universal Emancipation decree, which effectively freed all
colonial slaves.
In 1809, the
Battle of the Basque Roads
Battle of the Basque Roads took place near La Rochelle,
in which a British fleet defeated the French Atlantic Fleet.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle faience[edit]
Faience of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle with Chinese figures, 18th century. Musée
d'Orbigny-Bernon.
Further information:
French porcelain
French porcelain and Orientalism in early modern
France
La Rochelle
La Rochelle became one of the French centres for faience in the end of
the 18th century.[25][26]
Bernard Palissy
Bernard Palissy was born in the region and
had some bearing in this development. During the 18th century, its
style was greatly influenced by Chinese themes and Japanese
Kakiemon-type designs.[27][28] Many of these ceramics can be viewed at
the Musée d'Orbigny-Bernon.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle faience, 18th century.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle faience with Chinese decorations.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle faience pot, 18th century.
19th century[edit]
In 1864, the harbour of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle (area of the "Bassin à flot"
behind the water locks), was the site for the maiden dive experiments
of the first mechanically-powered submarine in the World, Plongeur,
commanded by Marie-Joseph-Camille Doré, a native of La Rochelle.
Second World War[edit]
Further information: Allied siege of La Rochelle
U-boat pens in the harbour of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle (2007).
During the Second World War,
Germany
Germany established a submarine naval
base at La Pallice (the main port of La Rochelle).
A German stronghold,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle was the last French city to be
liberated at the end of the war. The
Allied siege of La Rochelle
Allied siege of La Rochelle took
place between 12 September 1944 and 7 May 1945. The stronghold,
including the islands of Ré and Oléron, was held by 20,000 German
troops under a German vice-admiral Ernst Schirlitz. Following
negotiations by the
French Navy
French Navy frigate captain Meyer, the general
German capitulation occurred on 7 May and French troops entered La
Rochelle on 8 May.
The submarine base became the setting for parts of the movie Das Boot.
The U-boat scenes in
Raiders of the Lost Ark
Raiders of the Lost Ark were also shot in La
Rochelle. The base is featured in the computer game Commandos 2: Men
of Courage.
Geography[edit]
Geology[edit]
La Rochelle
La Rochelle seen from Spot Satellite
The limestone cliffs around
La Rochelle
La Rochelle reveal the
Jurassic
Jurassic geology of
the area
The bedrock of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle and surrounding areas is composed of layers
of limestone dating back to the Sequanian stage (upper Oxfordian
stage) of the
Jurassic
Jurassic period (circa 160 million years ago), when
a large part of
France
France was submerged. Many of these layers are visible
in the white cliffs that border the sea, which contain many small
marine fossils. Layers of thick white rock, formed during period of
relatively warm seas, alternate with highly fragile layers containing
sand and remains of mud, formed during colder periods, and with layers
containing various corals, that were formed during warmer, tropical
times.[29] The limestone thus formed is traditionally used as the main
building material throughout the region.
The area of
La Pointe du Chay
La Pointe du Chay about 5 km (3 mi) from La
Rochelle is a popular cliff area for leisurely geological surveys.
Climate[edit]
Under Köppen’s climate classification,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle features an
Oceanic climate. Although at the same latitude as
Montreal
Montreal in Canada
or the
Kuril islands
Kuril islands in Russia, the area is quite mild throughout the
year due to the influence of the
Gulf Stream
Gulf Stream waters, and insolation is
remarkably high, in fact, the highest in Western
France
France including sea
resorts much further in the south such as Biarritz.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle seldom
experiences very cold or very warm weather. These specific conditions
– summer dry and sunny, winter mild and wet – have led to the
establishment of a Mediterranean-type vegetation cohabiting with more
continental and oceanic types of vegetation.
Climate data for La Rochelle,
France
France (1981–2010 averages, extremes
1955–present)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
16.3
(61.3)
20.2
(68.4)
25.0
(77)
29.1
(84.4)
33.1
(91.6)
37.4
(99.3)
39.0
(102.2)
38.2
(100.8)
34.2
(93.6)
30.0
(86)
22.5
(72.5)
18.7
(65.7)
39.0
(102.2)
Average high °C (°F)
9.1
(48.4)
10.2
(50.4)
13.0
(55.4)
15.5
(59.9)
19.1
(66.4)
22.3
(72.1)
24.4
(75.9)
24.5
(76.1)
22.1
(71.8)
18.1
(64.6)
13.0
(55.4)
9.7
(49.5)
16.8
(62.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)
6.6
(43.9)
7.1
(44.8)
9.6
(49.3)
11.8
(53.2)
15.4
(59.7)
18.5
(65.3)
20.5
(68.9)
20.5
(68.9)
18.1
(64.6)
14.7
(58.5)
10.0
(50)
7.1
(44.8)
13.4
(56.1)
Average low °C (°F)
4.0
(39.2)
4.1
(39.4)
6.3
(43.3)
8.1
(46.6)
11.7
(53.1)
14.6
(58.3)
16.7
(62.1)
16.5
(61.7)
14.0
(57.2)
11.3
(52.3)
7.1
(44.8)
4.5
(40.1)
9.9
(49.8)
Record low °C (°F)
−11.5
(11.3)
−13.6
(7.5)
−6.6
(20.1)
−1.2
(29.8)
2.6
(36.7)
5.4
(41.7)
9.6
(49.3)
8.8
(47.8)
5.5
(41.9)
−0.4
(31.3)
−5.1
(22.8)
−9.5
(14.9)
−13.6
(7.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
74.0
(2.913)
56.8
(2.236)
53.9
(2.122)
64.9
(2.555)
55.8
(2.197)
39.1
(1.539)
43.9
(1.728)
45.0
(1.772)
60.3
(2.374)
91.9
(3.618)
93.5
(3.681)
87.9
(3.461)
767.0
(30.197)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
11.9
9.1
9.7
10.3
9.3
6.7
6.6
6.3
7.4
11.9
12.4
12.5
114.1
Average snowy days
1.0
0.9
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.9
3.7
Average relative humidity (%)
87
84
80
78
79
77
76
77
79
83
86
88
81.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours
84.3
114.6
165.8
196.8
231.3
261.2
271.0
259.6
212.1
140.5
92.3
76.3
2,105.5
Source #1: Meteo France[30][31][32]
Source #2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days 1961–1990)[33]
Population[edit]
Historical population
Year
Pop.
±%
1821
12,327
—
1831
14,629
+18.7%
1836
14,857
+1.6%
1841
16,720
+12.5%
1846
17,465
+4.5%
1851
16,507
−5.5%
1856
16,175
−2.0%
1861
18,904
+16.9%
1866
18,710
−1.0%
1872
19,506
+4.3%
1876
19,583
+0.4%
1881
22,464
+14.7%
1886
23,829
+6.1%
1891
26,808
+12.5%
1896
28,376
+5.8%
1901
31,559
+11.2%
1906
33,858
+7.3%
1911
36,371
+7.4%
1921
39,770
+9.3%
1926
41,521
+4.4%
1931
45,043
+8.5%
1936
47,737
+6.0%
1945
48,923
+2.5%
1954
58,799
+20.2%
1962
66,590
+13.3%
1968
73,347
+10.1%
1975
75,367
+2.8%
1982
75,840
+0.6%
1990
76,094
+0.3%
1999
76,584
+0.6%
2008
75,822
−1.0%
Today[edit]
Panoramic picture of the harbour towers at night.
The city has beautifully maintained its past architecture, making it
one of the most picturesque and historically rich cities on the
Atlantic coast. This helped develop a strong tourism industry.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle possesses a commercial deep water harbour, named La
Pallice. The large submarine pens built during World War II still
stand there, although they are not in use. La Pallice is equipped with
oil unloading equipment, and mainly handles tropical wood. It is also
the location of the fishing fleet, which was moved from the old
harbour in the centre of the city during the 1980s.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle also maintains strong links with the sea by harbouring the
largest marina for pleasure boats in Europe at Les Minimes, and a
rather rich boat-building industry which includes Amel Yachts.[34]
La Rochelle
La Rochelle has a very big aquarium, and a small botanical garden (the
Jardin des plantes de La Rochelle).
The Calypso, the ship used by
Jacques-Yves Cousteau
.jpg/440px-Cousteau1972_(cropped).jpg)
Jacques-Yves Cousteau as a mobile
laboratory for oceanography, and which was sunk after a collision in
the port of
Singapore
Singapore (1996) is now on display (sadly rotting) at the
Maritime Museum of La Rochelle.
One of the biggest music festivals in France, "FrancoFolies", takes
place each summer in La Rochelle, where Francophone musicians come
together for a week of concerts and celebration. 2004 marked the 20th
anniversary of this event. The French Socialist Party has held its
annual summer convention (Université d'été) in
La Rochelle
La Rochelle since
1983.
La Rochelle
La Rochelle is the setting for the best-selling series of French
language textbooks in the UK, titled Tricolore. The central character,
Martine Dhome,[35] lives with her family at the fictional address of
12, rue de la République.
Tourism[edit]
Harbour towers at night
La Rochelle's main feature is the "Vieux Port" ("Old Harbour"), which
is at the heart of the city, picturesque and lined with seafood
restaurants. The city walls are open to an evening promenade. The old
town has been well preserved. From the harbour, boating trips can be
taken to the
Île d'Aix
Île d'Aix and Fort Boyard (home to the internationally
famous TV show of the same name). Nearby
Île de Ré
Île de Ré is a short drive
to the North. The countryside of the surrounding
Charente-Maritime
Charente-Maritime is
very rural and full of history (Saintes). To the North is Venise
Verte, a marshy area of country, criss-crossed with tiny canals and a
popular resort for inland boating. Inland is the country of Cognac and
Pineau. The nearby
Île de Ré
Île de Ré is accessible via a bridge from La
Rochelle.[36]
Transport[edit]
La Rochelle
La Rochelle and its region are served by the international La Rochelle
-
Île de Ré
Île de Ré Airport, which has progressively developed over the last
5 years. Currently, it is the largest airport in the
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. The train station Gare de La Rochelle
offers connections to Bordeaux, Nantes, Poitiers,
Paris
Paris and several
regional destinations.
OFP La Rochelle is a freight railway serving the port.[37]
La Rochelle
La Rochelle launched one of the first successful bicycle sharing
systems in 1974.[citation needed]
Education[edit]
The city has more than 10,000 students each year. The University of La
Rochelle was established in 1993. Together with the École supérieure
de commerce de la rochelle (
La Rochelle
La Rochelle Business School), they are the
famous institutions of higher education of
La Rochelle
La Rochelle (7,000 and
3,500 students respectively).
Landmarks[edit]
The Tour de la Lanterne in La Rochelle, fully under scaffolding.
January 1, 2015
Orbigny-Bernon Museum
Muséum d'histoire naturelle de La Rochelle
Saint-Louis Cathedral
Notable people[edit]
Born in La Rochelle[edit]
François-Maurice Allotte de La Fuÿe, numismatist
Antoine Albeau, windsurfer
Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne, politician and revolutionary
Aimé Bonpland, botanist
William-Adolphe Bouguereau, painter
Jean-Loup Chrétien, astronaut
John Theophilus Desaguliers, physician and mathematician
Guy-Victor Duperre, admiral
Jean Duvignaud, writer
Eugène Fromentin, writer and painter
Nicolas Gargot de La Rochette, governor of Placentia
Bernard Giraudeau, actor and director
Jean Guiton, mayor during the Siege of La Rochelle
Grégory Havret, professional golfer
Guy Laroche, fashion designer
Samuel de Missy, abolitionist
Fabrice Neaud, artist and cartoonist
Pierre-Jean-Baptiste Nougaret (1742–1823), writer, playwright
Victor Prevost, photographer
Paul Ramadier, politician and member of the French Resistance
René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, scientist
Winshluss, artist and cartoonist
Etienne Trudeau, ancestor of Canadian Prime Ministers Pierre Trudeau
and Justin Trudeau
Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches, German Imperial Field Marshal
Michel Boudrot (Boudreau, Boudreaux) Judge and Lieutenant General,
Lieutenant-général et juge en chef de Port-Royal, Governor General,
laboureur, lieutenand general civil et criminel e Port Royal.,
Lieutenant général en Acadie, Lt. General Of Port Royal
Lived in La Rochelle[edit]
Colette Besson, sprinter
Saint Louis de Montfort
Alcide d'Orbigny, botanist
Marie Louise Trichet
Georges Simenon, author
Jean-Paul Sartre
Sport[edit]
Stade Rochelais
Stade Rochelais are a professional rugby union team in the Top 14
league. They play their home matches at Stade Marcel-Deflandre.
Since 1991 the city has annually hosted the Marathon de La Rochelle,
the second most popular marathon of
France
France and an international-level
race which featured 10,000 participants in 2010.[38]
Twin towns – Sister cities[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France
La Rochelle
La Rochelle is twinned with:[39]
New Rochelle, New York, United States, since 1910
Acre, Israel, since 1972
Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia, since 1973
Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, since 1988
Essaouira, Morocco, since 1999
Santiago de Figueiró, Portugal, since 2003
See also[edit]
Kingdom of
France
France portal
France
France portal
Communes of the
Charente
Charente department
References[edit]
^ Reformation in La Rochelle: tradition and change in early modern
Europe by Judith Chandler Pugh Meyer p.19 [1]
^ Bradshaw's illustrated travellers' hand book in [afterw.] to France
by George Bradshaw [2]
^ Malcolm Barber. The new knighthood. Google Books. p. 26.
Retrieved 15 April 2010.
^ a b The history of the Knights Templars by Charles Greenstreet
Addison, p.15]
^ Evelyn Lord. The
Knights Templar
Knights Templar in Britain. Google Books.
p. 120,155. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
^ Karen Rall. The Templars and the Grail. Google Books. p. 26.
Retrieved 15 April 2010.
^ Tim Wallace-Murphy. Templars in America. Google Books. p. 17.
Retrieved 15 April 2010.
^ Bernard Brodie. From crossbow to H-bomb. Google Books. p. 64.
Retrieved 15 April 2010.
^ Canary Islands by Sarah Andrews, Josephine Quintero p.25
^ a b City on the ocean sea: La Rochelle, 1530–1650 by Kevin C.
Robbins p.120ff
^ Fortress of the soul: violence, metaphysics, and material life by
Neil Kamil p.133 [3]
^ War Against the Idols: The Reformation of Worship from Erasmus to
Calvin by Carlos M. N. Eire p.279
^ Fortress of the soul: violence, metaphysics, and material life by
Neil Kamil p.148 [4]
^ Fortress of the soul: violence, metaphysics, and material life by
Neil Kamil p.149 [5]
^ Richard MacKenney. "The City State, 1500-1700" Humanities Press
International, 1989. (originally released by the University of
Michigan) ISBN 0391035983 p 13
^ The rise and fall of
Renaissance
Renaissance France, 1483–1610 by Robert Jean
Knecht p.355 [6]
^ The Counter-Reformation and price revolution, 1559–1610 Richard
Bruce Wernham p.288 [7]
^ Memoirs of Maximilian de Béthune, duke of Sully. Google Books.
p. 20. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
^ a b Denis Vaugeois. Champlain. Google Books. p. 22. Retrieved
15 April 2010.
^ Penny cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful
Knowledge Page 268 [8]
^ Fortress of the soul: violence, metaphysics, and material life ...,
Volume 2004 Neil Kamil p.584
^ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the
World. Walker and Co., New York, 1997 pp. 51–52.
ISBN 0-8027-1326-2.
^ James E. Bruseth. From a watery grave. Google Books. Retrieved 15
April 2010.
^ The French Atlantic: Travels in Culture and History by Bill Marshall
p.59-60
^ Tin Enamelled Pottery Edwin Atlee Barber p.23
^ The Grove encyclopedia of decorative arts, Volume 1 by Gordon
Campbell p.19
^ "Heavily potted plates with crude red and green Chinese figures were
made in large numbers " in Collecting European delft and faience Diana
Imber, Praeger, 1968, p.60
^ "The industry only really started to flourish in
La Rochelle
La Rochelle towards
the middle of the 18th century (...) new everyday vessels were
decorated "au petit feu" with flowers and Chinese figures then in
fashion." Cahiers de la céramique du verre et des arts du feu, Issues
41–45 Musée national de céramique (France). Société des amis du
Musée national de céramique, 1968
^
La Rochelle
La Rochelle touristic board at the "Pointe du Chay"
^ "Données climatiques de la station de La Rochelle" (in French).
Meteo France. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
^ "Climat Poitou-Charentes" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved
December 16, 2014.
^ "
La Rochelle
La Rochelle (17)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques
1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the
original (PDF) on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
^ "Normes et records 1961-1990:
La Rochelle
La Rochelle Aérodrome (17) - altitude
22m" (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from the original on March 3,
2016. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
^
http://www.sudouest.fr/2018/01/10/portes-ouvertes-chez-amel-pour-recruter-4097597-1485.php
^ "A textbook love affair?". BBC News Magazine. 2009-06-16. Retrieved
2013-04-21.
^ "How to reach us? Destination Ile de Ré".
www.holidays-iledere.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-01-18.
^ "Actualité Transport > Le port de
La Rochelle
La Rochelle lance ses trains
avec ECR". Retrieved 31 October 2010.
^ Vazel, Pierre-Jean (2011-11-28). Komen breaks
La Rochelle
La Rochelle record
with 2:07:13. IAAF. Retrieved on 2011-11-30.
^ "La Rochelle: Twin towns". www.ville-larochelle.fr. Retrieved 7
November 2009.
INSEE
Boardman, John The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity, Princeton
1993 ISBN 0-691-03680-2
Bibliography[edit]
See also: Bibliography of the history of La Rochelle
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for La Rochelle.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Rochelle.
City council website
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Salignac-sur-Charente
Salles-sur-Mer
Saujon
Seigné
Semillac
Semoussac
Semussac
Le Seure
Siecq
Sonnac
Soubise
Soubran
Soulignonne
Souméras
Sousmoulins
Surgères
Taillant
Taillebourg
Talmont-sur-Gironde
Tanzac
Taugon
Ternant
Tesson
Thaims
Thairé
Thénac
Thézac
Thors
Le Thou
Tonnay-Boutonne
Tonnay-Charente
Torxé
Les Touches-de-Périgny
La Tremblade
Trizay
Tugéras-Saint-Maurice
La Vallée
Vandré
Vanzac
Varaize
Varzay
Vaux-sur-Mer
Vénérand
Vergeroux
La Vergne
Vergné
Vérines
Vervant
Vibrac
Villars-en-Pons
Villars-les-Bois
La Villedieu
Villedoux
Villemorin
Villeneuve-la-Comtesse
Villexavier
Villiers-Couture
Vinax
Virollet
Virson
Voissay
Vouhé
Yves
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 133623415
LCCN: n81003750
ISNI: 0000 0001 1344 1751
GND: 4111169-2
SUDOC: 02655528X
BNF: cb11878109f (data)
B
