Kurnool district is one of the eight districts in the

Rayalaseema Rayalaseema () is a geographic region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comprises eight south western districts of the State namely, Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, YSR, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor districts ...

region of the

Indian state India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, with a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions. History Pre-indepen ...

of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in the North western part of the state and is bounded by

Jogulamba Gadwal district Jogulamba district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The administrative headquarters of the district is located at Gadwal. The district shares boundaries with Narayanpet, Wanaparthy districts and with the state boundary of Andhra P ...

Telangana Telangana (; , ) is a States and union territories of India, state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian subcontinent, Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the List of states and union territories of India b ...

in the north,

Raichur district Raichur District is an administrative district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is located in the northeast part of the state and is bounded by Yadgir district in the north, Bijapur and Bagalkot district in the northwest, Koppal district ...

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...

in the northwest,

Bellary district Bellary, officially known as Ballari (pronounced ), is a major district in Karnataka. It is located at north-eastern part of Karnataka. This district belongs to Kalyana-Karnataka. This district was one of the biggest districts in Karnataka unt ...

in the west,

Anantapur district Anantapur district officially: Anantapuramu district is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Anantapur city. It is one of the driest places in So ...

in the south and

Nandyal district Nandyal district is a district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Nandyal as its administrative headquarters, it was formed on 4 April 2022 to become one of the resultant twenty-six districts and one of the district in Rayalaseema regio ...

in the east. The city of

Kurnool Kurnool is a city in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It formerly served as the capital of Andhra State (1953–1956). The city is often referred to as "The Gateway of Rayalaseema".Kurnool is also known as The City of Gem Stones. It also se ...

is the headquarters of the district. It has a population of 4,053,463 of which 28.35% were urban as of 2011.

History

Pre Historic Mid Krishna-Tungabhadra Valley sites

The Ketavaram rock paintings are dated back to the Paleolithic era (located at a distance of from Kurnool). Jurreru Valley, Katavani Kunta and

Yaganti Sri Yaganti Uma Maheswara Temple or Yaganti is a temple of Shiva in Nandyal district in the India state of Andhra Pradesh. It was built according to Vaishnavaite traditions. History This temple was constructed by King Harihara Bukka Raya of ...

in the district have some important rock arts and paintings in their vicinity, which are dated back to 35,000 to 40,000 years ago. Belum Caves are geologically and historically important caves in the district. There are indications that Jain and Buddhist monks were occupying these caves centuries ago. Many Buddhists relics were found inside the caves. These relics are now housed in Museum at

Anantapur Anantapur, officially Anantapuramu, is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the mandal headquarters of Anantapuru mandal and also the divisional headquarters of Anantapur revenue division. The city is loca ...

. Archaeological survey of India (ASI) found remnants of vessels and other artifacts of pre-Buddhist era and has dated the remnants of vessels found in the caves to 4500 BC.
Show Caves of India: Belum Caves Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy (Anantapur District), the sixth

President of India The president of India ( IAST: ) is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu ...

has served as Member of Parliament from Nandyal constituency. He previously served as the

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh The chief minister of Andhra Pradesh is the chief executive of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's '' de jure'' head, but '' de facto'' executive authority rests with th ...

, serving as an MLA from the Dhone assembly constituency. In 1970, part of Kurnool district was split off to become part of

Prakasam district Prakasam district is one of the thirteen districts in the coastal Andhra region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It was formed in 1970 and reorganised in 2022 on April 4. The headquarters of the district is Ongole. It is located on the weste ...

. Kurnool District is a part of the

Red Corridor The red corridor, also called the red zone, is the region in the eastern, central and the southern parts of India where the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency has the strongest presence. It has been steadily diminishing in terms of geographical cove ...

Geography

Kurnool district occupies an area of approximately . Kurnool is surrounded by districts of

Mahbubnagar district Mahabubnagar district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Mahabubnagar is the district headquarters which is popularly known as Palamoor. The district shares boundaries with Narayanapet, Vikarabad, Rangareddy, Nagarkurnool, Wanapa ...

to the north,

, to south,

to east and

Bellary Bellary, officially Ballari, in the eponymous Bellary district, is a city in the state of Karnataka, India. History Bellary was a part of Rayalaseema (Ceded Districts) which was part of Madras Presidency till 1 November 1956. The Ball ...

to the west. The district includes the

Srisailam Dam The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River in Nagarkurnool district , Telangana and Nandyal district, Andhra Pradesh near Srisailam temple town and is the 2nd largest capacity working hydroelectric station in India. The d ...

and a part of the

Nallamala Hills The Nallamalas (also called the Nallamalla Range) are a section of the Eastern Ghats which forms the eastern boundary of Rayalaseema region of the state of Andhra Pradesh and Nagarkurnool district of the state of Telangana, in India. They run i ...

, the rest of it lying in

Kadapa district Kadapa district (officially: YSR district; formerly: Cuddapah district) is one of the twenty six districts in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. On 19 August 2005 nomenclature of “Cuddapah” has been changed as “Kadapa” by the Governm ...

, and Nellore district.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Kurnool district has a

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using a ...

of 4,053,463, roughly equal to the nation of

Liberia Liberia (), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean ...

or the US state of

Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...

. This gives it a ranking of 54th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its

population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually, or 1.1% per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to ...

over the decade 2001–2011 was 14.65%. Kurnool has a

sex ratio The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species devia ...

of 984

females Female (symbol: ♀) is the sex of an organism that produces the large non-motile ova (egg cells), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females a ...

for every 1000 males, and a

literacy rate Literacy in its broadest sense describes "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in written form in some specific context of use. In other words, huma ...

of 59.97%. After bifurcation the district had a population of 22,71,686, of which 764,101 (33.64%) lived in urban areas. Kurnool district has a sex ratio of 990 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 4,15,120 (18.27%) and 30,047 (1.32%) of the population respectively. At the time of the 2011 census, 79.39% of the population spoke

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode S ...

, 13.62%

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
''

Kannada Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native s ...

as their first language.

Household indicators

In 2007–2008 the

International Institute for Population Sciences The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) serves as a regional Institute for Training and Research in Population Studies for the ESCAP region. It was established in Mumbai in July 1956; until July 1970, it was known as the Dem ...

interviewed 1247 households in 38 villages across the district. They found that 94% had access to

electricity Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described ...

, 89.7% had drinking water, 34.6% toilet facilities, and 51.6% lived in a

pucca ''Pucca'' (; ko, 뿌까 ) is a South Korean media franchise from the South Korean company VOOZ Character System. The main and titular character, Pucca, is the niece of three Korean men who run a Chinese-style restaurant. The restaurant, known as ...

(permanent) home. 30.6% of girls wed before the

legal age Legal age or codified age refers to age at which a person may legally engage in a certain activity. Most frequently, this is the age of majority (also known as the "age of maturity"), the threshold of adulthood as recognized in law. Other ages of l ...

of 18 and 85.1% of interviewees carried a BPL

card Card or The Card may refer to: * Various types of plastic cards: **By type ***Magnetic stripe card *** Chip card *** Digital card **By function ***Payment card ****Credit card **** Debit card ****EC-card ****Identity card ****European Health Insur ...

Governance

Legislative Assembly constituencies

Courts

Road Transportation Office

Administrative divisions

Kurnool district has three

Revenue division A Revenue division is an administrative division of some of the States and union territories of India, Indian states. It is a geographic area covering many tehsils, which in turn comprises villages. A revenue division is headed by a Revenue Divisio ...

s viz.

Adoni Adoni is a city in the Kurnool district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Adoni mandal, administered under the Adoni Revenue Division. In the 2011 census of India, Adoni had a population of 166, ...

and

Pattikonda Pattikonda is a Town and mandal head quarter in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located in Adoni revenue division of Kurnool district. It is located 80 km away from Kurnool, 35 km from Adoni town and 35 km from Guntakal ...

. The district has 26

mandal A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administr ...

s and 53 Panchayat Samitis (Blocks) under these revenue divisions. There are 899 gram panchayats that include 7 notified and 862 non-notified, alongside 920 revenue villages and 615 hamlets. Sri P Koteswara Rao, I.A.S., is the current Collector & District Magistrate Kurnool District Revenue Divisions

Mandals

The

s are listed with respect to their revenue divisions in the following table

Kurnool district chronicle

* During Independence, Kurnool District was without Adoni, Yemmiganur, Alur Talukas. But It had Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem Talukas. * Later in 1953 Andhra State was formed and Talukas of Adoni, Alur, Yemmiganur were merged with Kurnool District form Bellary District. Remaining Rayalaseema district of Bellary was merged with Karnataka. * In 1970, new Prakasam District was formed carving out, Markapuram, Giddalur, Yerragondapalem talukas from Kurnool District. Then Kurnool district was remained with 13 Talukas. Before Formation of Mandal System in 1985, Administration was done through Taluka system. 13 Talukas were present in Kurnool district in 1985 viz., These 13 were the erstwhile Talukas in Kurnool district in 1985 before the formation of mandal systems.

Cities and towns

It also has a

Municipal Corporation A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. The term can also be used to describe municipally owne ...

and 3

municipalities A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...

namely,

, Yemmiganur,

Gudur Gudur is a town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Gudur mandal and Gudur revenue division. Demographics census of India, the town had a population of . The total popula ...

. Kurnool District has 10 Urban Local Bodies, which are divided into 1 Municipal Corporation, 7 Municipalities, 2 Nagar Panchayats.

Economy

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the district is and it contributes 6.5% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the

per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or total income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita i ...

at current prices was . The

primary Primary or primaries may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Primary (band), from Australia * Primary (musician), hip hop musician and record producer from South Korea * Primary Music, Israeli record label Works * ...

secondary Secondary may refer to: Science and nature * Secondary emission, of particles ** Secondary electrons, electrons generated as ionization products * The secondary winding, or the electrical or electronic circuit connected to the secondary winding i ...

and tertiary sectors of the district contribute , and respectively.

Transport

Roads

The total road length of

state highway A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually a road that is either ''numbered'' or ''maintained'' by a sub-national state or province. A road numbered by a ...

s in the district is . NH - 44 = Srinagar to Kanyakumari. orth-South Economic Corridor'' * Total length of highway is 3,806 km. * 250 km of this highway passes through Andhra Pradesh. * 93 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool District NH - 40 = Kurnool to Ranipet. ayalaseema Expressway'' * Total length of highway is 408 km. * 390 km of this highway is passing in the Andhra Pradesh. * 142 km of this highway passes through Kurnool District. NH - 167 = Ballari to Kodad * Total length of Highway is 483 km * 94 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh * 94 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist. NH - 544D = Anantapuramu to Guntur * Total length of Highway is 417 km * 417 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh * 118 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist. * An alternative route to this highway is under paperwork, called Anantapuram - Amaravathi Expressway which is called as NH-544F NH - 67 =

Ramnagar Ramnagar may refer to the following places: Bangladesh * Ramnagar, Bangladesh, a village in Chittagong Division * Ramnagar Union, Jessore Sadar India Jammu and Kashmir * Ramnagar, Udhampur, a town in Jammu and Kashmir ** Ramnagar Fort Udha ...

to Krishnapatnam Port * Total length of Highway is 770 km * 380 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh * 28 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist. NH - 340C = Kurnool to Dornala * Total length of Highway is 132 km * 132 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh * 100 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist. NH - 340B = Dhone to Somayajulapalli * Total length of Highway is 53 km * 53 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh * 53 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist. NH - 167K = Nandyal to Kalwakurthy * Total length of Highway is 175 km * 86 km of this Highway Passes through Andhra Pradesh * 86 km of this Highway Passes through Kurnool Dist. And also Some State Highways also present in Kurnool District.

Railways

Kurnool District is served by Good Railway Connectivity. # Hyderabad Division of South Central Railway, # Guntakal Division of South Coastal Railway, # Guntur Division of South Coastal Railway serves in Kurnool District. Major lines passing through the district. * Vijayawada - Hubli Railway Line * Secunderabad - Bengaluru Railway Line * Chennai - Mumbai Railway line Passes through the District. Major Stations * Dhone JN Railway station untakal Division* Kurnool City Railway Station yderabad Division* Adoni Railway Station untakal Division* Nandyal JN Railway Station untur Division

Airways

Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy Airport urnool Airport was opened on March 28, 2021. Commercial Flights Started to Bengaluru, Visakhapatnam, Chennai Cities. Nearest International Airports from Kurnool # Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Hyderabad. = 195 km. # Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru. = 335 km. # Chennai International Airport, Chennai = 450 km. # Tirupati International Airport, Tirupati = 330 km.

Education

The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the ''School Education Department'' of the state. As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, there are a total of 4,179 schools. They include, 78 government, 2,398 mandal and zilla parishads, 1 residential, 1,355 private, 33 model, 53 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV), 140 municipal and 121 other types of schools. The total number of students enrolled in primary, upper primary and high schools of the district are 631,740.

Tourism

Kurnool District has many pilgrimage centers # Srisailam # Mantralayam # Orvakal Rock Gardens # City Forest Gargeyapuram # Yaganti # Banaganapalli Nawab Bungalow # Belum Caves # Kolanu Bharathi Temple # Adoni Lakshmamma avva Temple # Urukunda Eranna Swamy Temple # Maddileti Swamy Temple # Velugodu Reservoir # Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary # Nandavaram Temple # Sanjeevaiah Sagar(Gajuladinne Project)

Sources

Population of towns in 1941 were taken from 1991 census book from page no.132,133 and 2011 Census hand book page no.919. Population of every town is mentioned with proof from census books given below. 1951 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6419/1/50120_1951_KUR.pdf 1961 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2721/1/21648_1961_KUR.pdf 1971 Census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2841/1/39378_1971_KUR.pdf 1981 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2915/1/27365_1981_KUR.pdf 1991 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2935/1/39295_1991_KUR.pdf 2001 census kurnool district - http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2992/1/37985_2001_KUR.pdf 2011 census kurnool district - https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2821_PART_A_DCHB_KURNOOL.pdf

Notable people

Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy (16 August 1920 – 27 September 2001) served as the chief minister of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh in 1983 and then from 1992 to 1994. Reddy was a member of the Indian National Congress and was elected t ...

, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Central Minister *

Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy was an Indian freedom fighter leader. The son of a former Telugu Palegaadu Mallareddy and Seethamma, Narasimha Reddy was born in Rupanagudi village, on 24 November 1806. He belonged to the Motati Clan of Reddy's. He ...

, freedom fighter *

P. S. Ramakrishna Rao P. S. Ramakrishna Rao (12 October 1918 – 7 September 1986) was a veteran Telugu film director and producer. He married Bhanumathi, a multi-talented film artist from South India, on 8 August 1943. Filmography *'' Gruhalakshmi'' (1967) (Prod ...

, director, writer *

Damodaram Sanjivayya Damodaram Sanjivayya (14 February 1921 – 7 May 1972) was an Indian politician who served as the chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh from 11 January 1960 to 12 March 1962.

, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and Central Minister

References

External links

* {{Authority control Districts of Andhra Pradesh Rayalaseema