Krishnagiri district is one of the 38 districts (a district in the north western part) of the state of

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a state in southern India. It is the tenth largest Indian state by area and the sixth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu is the home of the Tamil people, whose Tamil language ...

, in India. This district is carved out from Dharmapuri District by 2004. The municipal town of Krishnagiri is the district headquarters. In Tamil Nadu, ''e-Governance'' was first introduced at Krishnagiri district under the National e-Governance Project (NEGP) in revenue and social welfare departments on a pilot basis. The district is one of the largest producers of

mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree '' Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in Sout ...

es in India. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 958 females for every 1,000 males.

Hosur Hosur is an industrial city located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Hosur is one of the municipal corporations in Tamil Nadu. It is located on the bank of the river River Ponnaiyar, southeast of Bengaluru and west of Chennai, the state ...

is the most populous town in the district.

Etymology

''Krishna'' refers to 'black' and ''giri'' refers to 'hill'. The area contains many

granite Granite () is a coarse-grained ( phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies un ...

hillocks, hence the name ''Krishnagiri''. History says this area was under the

Vijayanagara Empire The Vijayanagara Empire, also called the Karnata Kingdom, was a Hindu empire based in the region of South India, which consisted the modern states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Goa and some parts of Telangana and Mahar ...

, and those days it was custom to name a town or a landmark after one of its famous king,

Krishnadevaraya Krishnadevaraya (17 January 1471 – 17 October 1529) was an emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnata Empire, reigning from 1509 to 1529. He was the third monarch of the Tuluva dynasty, and is considered to be one of the ...

. There is a hill with a fort on top next to the Town Bus Stand as a landmark. When

Tipu Sultan Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu, 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), also known as the Tiger of Mysore, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.Dalrymple, p. 243 He i ...

conquered this area he renamed it as Syed Basha Hill and built a mosque on top. But the name of the town remained the same.

History

Krishnagiri district was formed as the 30th district of Tamil Nadu on 9 February 2004. It was formed by carving out five taluks and ten blocks of the erstwhile

Dharmapuri Dharmapuri is a special grade town in the north western part of Tamil Nadu, India. It serves as the administrative headquarters of Dharmapuri district which is the first district created in Tamil Nadu after the independence of India by sp ...

district. The first collector of Krishnagiri was Mangat Ram Sharma.

Dolmens

Moral Pari A moral (from Latin ''morālis'') is a message that is conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event. The moral may be left to the hearer, reader, or viewer to determine for themselves, or may be explicitly encapsulated in a maxim. A ...

near Mallachandram has more than 100

dolmen A dolmen () or portal tomb is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the early Neolithic (40003000 BCE) and were some ...

s. The site is located from Krishnagiri.

Politics

District administration

A district collector heads the district administration. Krishnagiri district is divided into two divisions and seven taluks for the purpose of revenue administration. A Revenue Divisional Officer heads each division and a Tahsildars are in charge of taluk level administration. Development administration in this district is coordinated by panchayats (or blocks) in rural areas. There are about ten panchayat unions, seven town panchayats, 352 village Panchayats and 874 revenue villages in this district. The two revenue divisions are Krishnagiri and Hosur. The eight taluks are Krishnagiri,

, Pochampalli, Uthangarai,

Shoolagiri Shoolagiri is a large village and Taluk in the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. It lies along National Highway 7, and is overlooked by a hill with three peaks. Shoolagiri's name is derived from Hill, which is like Trident (Threesulam) and S ...

, Bargur and Anchetti Denkanikottai. There are 12 panchayat unions:

Kelamangalam Kelamangalam is a panchayat town in Krishnagiri district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Geography Kelamangalam is located at . It has an average elevation of 810 metres (2657 feet). Average temperature lingers around 20-25°C. Th ...

Thalli Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms were ...

, , Krishnagiri,

, Veppanapalli,

, Kaveripattinam, Pochampalli, Mathur, and Uthangarai.

Geography and climate

Krishnagiri district covers an area of 5143 km². Krishnagiri district is bound by Tirupattur to the southeast,

Thiruvannamalai Tiruvannamalai (Tamil: ''Tiruvaṇṇāmalai'' IPA: , otherwise spelt ''Thiruvannamalai''; ''Trinomali'' or ''Trinomalee'' on British records) is a city, a spiritual, cultural, economic hub and also the administrative headquarters of Tiruvanna ...

districts to the east, Dharmapuri district to the south and

Kolar Kolar or Kolara is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is the headquarters of Kolar district. The city is known for its milk production and gold mines. It is also known for Someshwara temple and Kolaramma temple. History The Wes ...

Bangalore Rural Bangalore Rural district, is one of the 31 districts in Karnataka, India. It was formed in 1986, when Bangalore District was divided into Bangalore Rural and Bangalore Urban. Presently in Bangalore Rural district, there are 1 division, 4 talu ...

Bangalore Urban Bangalore Urban district is the most densely populated district in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is surrounded by the Bangalore Rural district on the east and north, the Ramanagara district on the west and the Krishnagiri district of Tami ...

Ramanagara Ramanagara is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka. It is also the headquarters of Ramanagara district. It is approximately 50 kilometres from Bangalore. There are buses and trains as public transportations which approximately takes 90 minu ...

and

Chamarajanagar Chamarajanagar or Chamarajanagara is a town in the southern part of Karnataka, India. Named after Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, the erstwhile king of Mysore, previously known as 'Arikottara'. Chamarajanagara is the headquarters of Chamarajanagar distr ...

districts of the state of

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO 15919, ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reor ...

to the northwest and west and

Chittoor district Chittoor district () is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located at Chittoor. It has a population of 4,170,468 according to 2011 census of India. It lies in ...

of the state

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...

to the north. This district is elevated from 300 m to 1400 m above the mean sea level. It is located between 11° 12' N and 12° 49' N latitude, 77° 27' E to 78° 38' E longitude. It basically has a mountainous terrain. The flatlands are irrigated by the South Pennar River. The eastern part of the district experiences a hot climate and the western part contrastingly has a pleasant climate. The average rainfall is 830 mm per year. March - June is the summer season. July - November is the rainy season and during December - February winter prevails. Net cultivated, irrigated, double, multiple cropped, cultivable wasteland, water land and forest

Transportation

The following major national highway roads pass through Krishnagiri district:-- * NH - 44: (old number: NH 7; Srinagar to Kanyakumari; passes through Hosur, Krishnagiri and Kaveripattinam) * NH - 48: (old number: NH 46; New Delhi to Chennai; passes through Hosur, Krishnagiri and Bargur) * NH - 42: (old number: NH 219; Krishnagiri to Palamaner; starts from Krishnagiri, passes through Varatanapalli) * NH - 77 (connecting Krishnagiri to Tindivanam, via Mathur, Uthangarai) * NH - 648 (old number: NH 207; Hosur to Dobbaspet, via Bagalur) *NH - 844 (old number: SH 17, Hosur to Adhiyamaankottai) There are state highways passing through the district. * SH 17: Malur-Hosur-Adhiyamaan Kottai * SH 17A: Hosur-Denkanikottai * SH 17B: Hosur-Denkanikottai (via Thally) *SH 17C: Bagalur-Berigai * SH 131: Bargur-Tirupattur * SH 85: Attibele - Rayakottai (via Hosur and kelamangalam) * SH 60: Hogenakkal - Tirupattur (via Mathur) * SH 514: Kuppam - Patchur - Natrampalli * SH 433: Vepanapalli - Kuppam (via Gudupalle) Also, several MDRs (Major District Roads) pass through this district. They are as follows: 1. MD-53 Bagalur - Berigai Road 2. MD-91 Denkanikottai - Kelamangalam Road 3. MD-124 Hosur Town to Hosur Railway Station Road 4. MD-157 Kaveripattinam - Kakkangarai Road 5. MD-192 Krishnagiri - Rayakottai Road 6. MD-193 KRP Dam approach Road 7. MD-366 Pondy - Krishnagiri Road 8. MD-422 Shoolagiri - Berigai Road 9. MD-424 Singarapet - Thirupathur Road 10. MD-456 Theertham - Berigai Road 11. MD-517 Uthangarai bypass road 12. MD-588 Denkanikottai - Anchetty - Natrampalayam Road 13. MD-660 Pondy Krishnagiri Road to Hill Round Road 14. MD-703 Thally - Jawalagiri - Karnataka State Border Road 15. MD-754 Kundarapalli - Veppanapalli Road 16. MD-861 Kaveripattinam - Palacode Road 17. MD-862 Kaveripattinam - Pochampalli Road 18. MD-863 Jandamedu - Puliyur Road 19. MD-1000 Veppanapalli - Theertham Road 20. MD-1001 Kurubarapalli - Kothakrishnapalli Road 21. MD 1186 - Perandapalli - Athimugam

Railways

Salem-

Bengaluru Bangalore (), officially Bengaluru (), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has a population of more than and a metropolitan population of around , making it the third most populous city and fifth most ...

broad gauge line runs through Hosur. Kovai-

Erode Erode () is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Erode is the seventh largest urban agglomeration in the state, after Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirapalli, Tiruppur and Salem. It is also the administrative headquarters of the ...

Jolarpettai Jolarpettai () is a railway town in Tirupattur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is a commuter rail hub in Southern Railway. It is 7 km from district Tirupattur and 18 km from Vaniyambadi. As of 2011, the town had a population of 29, ...

broad gauge line runs through kallavi and Samalpatti.

Public amenities

Irrigation

The Public Works Department and Panchayat union tanks, ponds and supply channels play an important role in the irrigation of Krishnagiri district. However, they have to be desilted and strengthened. New check dams and flood protection walls have to be constructed for water conservation.

Electricity

Street lighting in rural areas is vested with the Panchayat Administration. The panchayats look after the erection of new streetlights in the hamlets, payment of current consumption charges from the panchayat funds. The procurement of tube lights, sodium vapor lights and other electrical appliances is done by the connected panchayat itself. Overall, 95% of the hamlets are covered under rural electrification. Generally the power supply position in Krishnagiri District is normal. However, in some areas the low voltage problem is felt, especially in the hamlets in the ghat section. To minimize the current consumption charges in the panchayats, efforts were taken to utilize solar power lights as an alternate and renewable source in Krishnagiri district.

Education

There is a Community Polytechnic run by the Government in Krishnagiri district. Also, the TAHDCO (Tamil Nadu Adi Dravidar Housing Development Corporation) offers nursing and catering training under vocational training courses through private training institutions to people belonging to SC/ST communities. To uplift the education of women, St. James Tailoring Institute is striving for the welfare of women in Krishnagiri town. This dress making technology gives self earning at home and makes women to get jobs in ready made garment companies in Krishnagiri itself.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, Krishnagiri district had a population of 1,879,809 with a sex-ratio of 963 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 217,323 were under the age of six, constituting 112,832 males and 104,491 females.

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

accounted for 14.22% and 1.19% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 63.2%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The district had a total of 448,053 households. There were a total of 877,779 workers, comprising 218,600 cultivators, 197,369 main agricultural labourers, 15,237 in house hold industries, 310,795 other workers, 135,778 marginal workers, 17,438 marginal cultivators, 6 45,700 other marginal workers.

Hinduism Hinduism () is an Indian religion or '' dharma'', a religious and universal order or way of life by which followers abide. As a religion, it is the world's third-largest, with over 1.2–1.35 billion followers, or 15–16% of the global p ...

is the major religion and is practiced by 91.7% of the population, followed by

Muslim Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

and

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι� ...

minorities which are 6.13% and 1.91%.

Tamil Tamil may refer to: * Tamils, an ethnic group native to India and some other parts of Asia ** Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka also called ilankai tamils **Tamil Malaysians, Tamil people native to Malaysia * Tamil language, na ...

is the official language, and is spoken by 58.23% of the population. Another 21.56% speak

Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode ...

, 12.70%

Kannada Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native s ...

and 5.87%

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
'' mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree '' Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in Sout ...

es, and for the

industry with quarries and processing units spread around the district. With a 40% share, the district is the top producer of ragi in Tamil Nadu. *

, one of the most industrialized places in the state, is located in this district.

Mining and forestry based activities

*In Krishnagiri district, quarry leases are being granted for granite in Patta lands. Rough stone and earth quarry leases are being granted in government and patta lands under Tamil Nadu Minor Mineral Concession Rules 1959. The Public Works Department (WRO wing) is operating sand quarry in riverbeds. A state owned corporation called Tamil Nadu Metals and Mineral Ltd is also earning quarry and mining grants in government lands. The total mineral revenue realized during 2006-07 was Rs. 7.45 crores. It is ascertained that nearly 7,000 workers are being engaged in quarry activities. *As Krishnagiri District has 2,02,409 hectares of forest land which constitutes 39% of the total geographical area, there are abundant produce from the forest areas. Bamboo products, honey collection and tamarind production are the forestry land activities found in Anchetty, Denkanikotta, Thally and Berigai areas. This has generated employment opportunities for thousands of rural people in these areas.

Animal husbandry and fisheries

*Fisheries (Details about the revenue in fisheries up to 15 July 2007) *Animal husbandry In Krishnagiri District the annual income in the animal husbandry sector was as follows for 2006-07.

Gallery

File:Kistnagherry Krishnagiri.jpg, File:Oosor Hosur , Salem District.jpg, File:View of Anchittidrug (Mysore). Between 1790 and 1792.jpg, File:Ryacotta in the Barramah'l.jpg,

References

External links

Official website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnagiri District Districts of Tamil Nadu 2004 establishments in Tamil Nadu