Koch people

The Koch are a small trans-border ethnic group of Assam and Meghalaya in India and northern Bangladesh. The group consists of nine matrilineal and strictly exogamous clans, with some of them preserving a hitherto sparsely documented Boro-Garo language called Koch, whereas others have switched to local varieties of Indo-Aryan languages. It is a Scheduled Tribe in Meghalaya, India. Koches want to preserve language and culture and heritage.

The Koch people in this group are those who have preserved their languages, their animistic religions and follow non-Hindu customs and traditions. They are related but distinguished from the empire building Koch (the Rajbongshi people) and the Hindu caste called Koch in Upper Assam which receives converts from different tribes.

Etymology of ''Koch''

According to Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, western Kamrud (Kamrup) was inhabited by the ''Koch'', ''Mech'' & '' Tharu''. In Yogini Tantra, Koches were called as Kuvachas. According to the Fatiyah-i-Ibriah written between 1661-63, Cooch Behar was inhabited by Koch.

Groups and Clans

The Koch people consist of nine ethno-linguistic groups: ''Tintekiya'', ''Wanang'', ''Koch-Rabha/Kocha'', ''Harigaya'', ''Margan'', ''Chapra'', ''Satpari'', ''Sankar'' and '' Banai''. These groups are generally endogamous, with very little intermarriages till recently. Each of these nine groups have matrilineal and strictly exogamous clans called ''nikini''. The matrilineal rules of the Koch are not as rigid as the Garo and the Khasi peoples.

The group that is known as ''Kocha'' in Assam's Dhubri and Kokrajhar districts, identify with the Rabha people, and are also known as ''Koch-Rabha''. Since the name ''Koch'' in Assam is associated with the caste Koch, this identity allows the Kocha people to benefit from state support that are open to the Rabha but not to the Koch. Advisor of Koch Development Council, writer and social worker Indramohan Koch said that the government of Meghalaya accorded ST status to Koch People while the Assam Government had not recognized them as Koch but ST status had been given in the name of Rabha.

Languages

The UNESCO report mentions Koch language as " Definitely Endangered". The Koch language is spoken in the states of Assam (Goalpara, Nagoan, Dhubri, Kokrajhar, Chirang, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Baksa, Udalguri, Karbi Anglong, Golaghat districts) and Meghalaya (West Garo Hills, South-West Garo Hills, South Garo Hills and East Khasi Hills districts). It is also spoken in some parts of North Bengal and in Bangladesh. The different Koch groups are associated with different varieties of the Koch language—at home and within their own group they use their own mother tongues; within the Koch groups they usually use the ''Harigaya'' variety which is understood by many other Koch groups; and outside the community they use Hajong, Assamese, Bengali, Garo, Hindi, and English. The relationship between the six Koch speech varieties are rather complex. They represent a dialect chain that stretches out from Koch-Rabha in the north to Tintekiya Koch in the south. This is diagrammatically represented as — Koch-Rabha (Kocha)→ Wanang→ Harigaya→ Margan→ Chapra→ Tintekiya, where the adjacent dialects exhibit more lexical similarity than those at the ends. Among the nine endogamous groups, six have retained their own language; whereas the ''Satpari'', ''Sankar'' and ''Banai'' speak either an Indo-Aryan variety called ''Jharua'', or Hajong (which is also sometimes referred to as ''Jharua'').

History

The original homeland of the Koch is assumed to be in Tibet from where they populated the present-day Western Assam and North Bengal. In Takabat-i-Nasiri, which contain records of Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji expedition into Kamrup in 1205 A.D, mention that the people inhabiting between the country of Lakhanawati (Gauda) and Tibet were the Kunch (Koch), Mej/Meg (Mech) and Tiharu ( Taru). In Persian history, these population (Koch, Mech, Tharu) possessed the physiognomy of the Turks and the Mongols and their language was different from the rest of the subcontinent."(W)e read in Persian history that these races och, Mech, Taruhad Turki countenances (i.e slanting eyes, snub nose, high cheek-bones and yellow complexion of the Mongols), and they spoke a 'different idiom' from the language of India proper"

Notes and references

Bibliography

Printed sources

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Ethnic groups in India
Tribes of Assam
Scheduled Tribes of Meghalaya
Tribes of West Bengal
Ethnic groups in Bangladesh