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''Klassekampen'' ( en, The Class Struggle) is a Norwegian daily newspaper. It describes itself as "the newspaper of the Left." The paper's net circulation is 34,000 (2021), and it has around 111,000 daily readers on paper (160,000 on Saturdays). This makes it the third largest Norwegian print newspaper, based on readership. Chief editor from 2018 is
Mari Skurdal Mari Skurdal (born 6 September 1977) is a Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor. Background She was born in Oslo and is educated from the University of Oslo. She is a co-author of several textbooks for secondary school, and worked as teacher ...
. The paper was initially a part of the young marxist-leninist (
maoist Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of Ch ...
) movement in Norway. It started out in early 1969 as a monthly periodical published by "a group of marxist-leninists" with Anders M. Andersen as the first editor. It promoted the positions of the Workers' Communist Party (AKP; founded 1973) and its predecessors. ''Klassekampen'' became a weekly in January 1973, a bi-weekly in January 1976 and finally a daily newspaper as of April 1977. It was the official organ of the AKP until April 1991. Its mission statement now describes itself as "revolutionary socialist." As most Norwegian newspapers it depends on economic support from the Norwegian Government. In 2022 ''Klassekampen'' received criticism from some of Norway's large newspapers for an uncritical attitude towards
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, but has condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine.Editor Mari Skurdal
"Putins invasjon"
(Putin's invasion), ''Klassekampen'' 25th February 2022. "i dag står vi sammen med the ukrainske folk i fordømmelsen av Russland militære invasjon." (Today we stand with the Ukrainian people in condemning Russia's military invasion.)
The paper has been criticized by representatives of the
LGBT ' is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity. The LGBT term is a ...
community for its coverage of transgender issues, but the editor has denied any accusation that it is
transphobic Transphobia is a collection of ideas and phenomena that encompass a range of negative attitudes, feelings, or actions towards transgender people or transness in general. Transphobia can include fear, aversion, hatred, violence or anger tow ...
.


History


1969–1972: Monthly paper for the marxist-leninist movement

''Klassekampen'' was initiated in 1968 by a group of young communists, members of SUF(m-l), the youth organization of the socialist
Sosialistisk Folkeparti The Socialist People's Party (Norwegian: ''Sosialistisk Folkeparti'') was a splinter group of the Norwegian Labour Party (DNA) founded in 1961. SF was principally dissatisfied with the pro-NATO/ European Economic Community external policies of DNA ...
(SF). Pål Steigan,
Tron Øgrim Tron Øgrim (; 27 June 1947 – 23 May 2007) was a Norwegian journalist, author and politician. He was active in Socialist Youth Union (later Red Youth) from 1965 to 1973, and a centralToralv Østvang"Tron Øgrim er død" in ''PC World Norge, ...
and Sigmund Grønmo were key figures, The first issue was published on February 7, 1969, coinciding with the annual convention of the SF, at which an left-wing opposition broke with the party, as did SUF (m-l). In the first period the paper was published as a monthly periodical by "a group of marxist-leninists".Pål Steigan:
På den himmelske freds plass. Om ml-bevegelsen i Norge
', Oslo 1985, page 94.
According to Steigan, the name was proposed by Øgrim, the name indicating that it intended to play a larger role than being the monthly periodical of a youth organization. The newspaper's stated goal was to strengthen the marxist-leninist movement and lay the foundations for a new communist party in Norway. At the same time, it set itself the goal of becoming a working class newspaper. As a monthly, ''Klassekampen'' had no paid staff. The editorial work, the printing as well as sales were carried out by volunteers. The first printing press was financed mostly by young people taking summer jobs or being newspaper couriers (for other newspapers) before school hours. Due to the progress of the m-l-movement and its high level of activity, sales and circulation increased rapidly: the first issue in 1969 was printed in 3,500 copies. The circulation passed 10,000 in 1970, and 20,000 in 1971. Labour Day was always an important sales day , and the May 1st issue of 1972 was published in 45,000. During the period as a monthly newspaper, ''Klassekampen'' also published a number of extra issues on current issues and leaflet-like printed matter. From 1972 the paper was officially linked to the Marxist-Leninist Groups (MLG), which was a forerunner of the Workers' Communist Party (AKP (m-l)). At the same time, fundraising and recruitment of subscribers was started with a plan of weekly publication.


1973–1976: Weekly newspaper for AKP(m-l)

In January 1973, ''Klassekampen'' became a weekly newspaper. Shortly afterwards, it became the formal party organ for the newly formed AKP (m-l). As a weekly, ''Klassekampen'' got its own editorial offices in Oslo for the first time, as well as a paid editorial staff. Still, much of the volunteer spirit continued, with groups of party members and sympathizers contributing in special editorial fields. In 1974, a campaign was launched to link "workers' correspondents" to the newspaper. After two years as a weekly, it was summarized that a third of the newspaper was written by the permanent editorial staff, a third by the volunteer staff and a third by workers' correspondents and readers. The proportion of workplace reports doubled from 1973 to 1974. The winter of 1973 the weekly newspaper had a circulation of 13,000. The fall of 1974 it had increased to 19,000 and two years later 27,000. During the years 1973–1976 11,000 new subscribers were enrolled, and door-to-door sales were effectively organized. From January 1976, ''Klassekampen'' was published twice a week, as an escalation before the transition to daily publications. In order to prepare for this transition, a major fundraising campaign was also carried out for investing in the paper's own rotary printing plant. The "rotation campaign" started little by little in 1974 and was not completed until just before the daily newspaper was launched. At that time,
NOK Nok is a village in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The village is an archeological site. Archaeology The discovery of terracotta figurines at this location caused its name to be used for the Nok culture, of which these ...
5,631,000 had been collected. In the pre-daily period, ''Klassekampen'' disclosed several classified military documents. In May 1971, it was shown that a
NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
exercise had exemplified revolutionary groups,
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
activists and
trade unionists A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (su ...
as
enemies of the state An enemy of the state is a person accused of certain crimes against the state such as treason, among other things. Describing individuals in this way is sometimes a manifestation of political repression. For example, a government may purport to m ...
. During an exercise in 1973, the paper disclosed that opponents of NATO membership and student groups had been "assigned" this role. In 1976, the paper carried a series of articles by
Jon Michelet Jon Michelet (14 July 1944, Moss – 14 April 2018, Oslo) was a Norwegian novelist. He had experience in various lines of work, including sailor and dock worker and references to these experiences can be found in his writing. His writing spans sev ...
about the Soviet presence at
Svalbard Svalbard ( , ), also known as Spitsbergen, or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. North of mainland Europe, it is about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range ...
, suggesting that
the Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nationa ...
might be constructing a military base at Cape Heer, thus violating the Svalbard Treaty. These reports were later developed into Michelet's novel ''
Orion's Belt Orion's Belt or the Belt of Orion, also known as the Three Kings or Three Sisters, is an asterism in the constellation Orion. It consists of the three bright stars Alnitak Alnitak is a triple star system in the constellation of ...
'' and a movie with the same name.


1977–1991: Daily newspaper for AKP (m-l)

From April 1, 1977, ''Klassekampen'' switched to daily publication (except Sundays). At that time, the rotary press and editorial offices were installed on Bryn in Oslo. In the first years as a daily newspaper, ''Klassekampen'' was edited strictly according to party guidelines. The operation of the daily newspaper was more resource-intensive than anticipated, not least financially. Income from advertising was scarce. In addition, AKP (m-l) had adopted a policy of "self-support" and therefore did not accept the state support that ''Klassekampen'' was entitled to. The newspaper was to be built entirely on the support of the readers. This policy hit the wall in 1978, and
bankruptcy Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor ...
was just around the corner. A new fundraiser avoided immediate collapse, but the party had to accept state aid. In November 1979, ''Klassekampen'' could announce that "the daily is saved!" This of course had a cost: The paper was cut from 16 to 12 pages most days, and the staff was reduced heavily. District offices in
Bergen Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and is on the peninsula of ...
,
Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, and ...
and
Tromsø Tromsø (, , ; se, Romsa ; fkv, Tromssa; sv, Tromsö) is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the Tromsø (city), city of Tromsø. Tromsø lies ...
had to close, and special editions in Sàmi, English and Spanish were stopped, as were publications aimed specially at immigrant workers and at farmers/fishermen. The party had also decided that the paper should build up its own courier service. Unpaid volunteers delivered the newspaper to the subscribers in major cities every evening or night. This was partly for economic reasons, partly as a security measure – AKP did not want to hand over the list of subscribers to someone else. (The parliamentary " Lund Report" concerning the Norwegian secret services later confirmed that subscribing to ''Klassekampen'' could be a reason for registration.) The courier system meant great strain on the party organization that, literally, carried the newspaper. From late 1979 the system was discontinued in most of Norway, but in some parts of Oslo it was effective for a decade. In 1977, criminal charges were brought against then editor Finn Sjue for the paper's disclosures of secret NATO exercise telegrams. Two years later he was sentenced to ten days in prison or a fine of NOK 2,500. The sentence was later confirmed by the
Supreme Court A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
with a 3–2 vote. During the 1980s, ''Klassekampen'' managed to get national acclaim for its journalism in certain focus areas. Journalist
Per Bangsund Per is a Latin preposition which means "through" or "for each", as in per capita. Per or PER may also refer to: Places * IOC country code for Peru * Pér, a village in Hungary * Chapman code for Perthshire, historic county in Scotland Math a ...
specialized in the growth of right wing extremism and
neo-nazism Neo-Nazism comprises the post–World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazism, Nazi ideology. Neo-Nazis employ their ideology to promote hatred and Supremacism#Racial, racial supremacy (ofte ...
in Norway and had contacts regarding this within the secret services. A group for
investigative journalism Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years rese ...
(with among others Alf R. Jacobsen) was established, possibly the first in Norway. A focus area for this group was tax evasions among business people and top politicians. Finn Sjue, now as a journalist, digged into illegal or semi-illegal
surveillance Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, many activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing. This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment, such as c ...
practices by the secret services towards organizations, politicians and activists on the left. Furthermore, the paper had broad international coverage, partly through AKP's party contacts, but through the years also through extensive travel activities by its own staff.
The Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Province), East Thrace (Europea ...
,
Horn of Africa The Horn of Africa (HoA), also known as the Somali Peninsula, is a large peninsula and geopolitical region in East Africa.Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), ...
,
Eastern Europe Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russ ...
,
Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...
and
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
was prioritized. In 1983, journalist Kjell Gjerseth received the
Narvesen Prize The Narvesen Prize was a Norwegian prize for those who excelled in journalism. It was established in 1954 by the company Narvesen, but the Norwegian Press Association was behind the selection of winners. It was discontinued in 1990. List of winne ...
, at that time the highest ranked journalism award in Norway, for his reports from
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...
in the early years of the
Soviet occupation During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries effectively handed over by Nazi Germany in the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939. These included the eastern regions of Poland (incorporated into two different ...
. The Lund Report in 1996 stated that the telephones in ''Klassekampen'''s offices had been tapped by the Secret Services from 1976 until 1979. Furthermore, the names of employees, contributors, subscribers and street vendors had been registered. In 1979,
Sigurd Allern Sigurd Allern (born 5 September 1946) is a Norwegian media theorist and the first professor of journalism at the University of Oslo.Sigurd Al ...
was hired as editor for a new period. He held this position until 1995 and was vital in the editorial development of the daily. Also being a member of the AKP central committee, he managed pragmatically to professionalize the paper without creating too much discontent in the party. The editorial directive was in effect discontinued. Still, there were some conflict points between the party and the staff. In 1984–1985 this culminated, when a group of journalists organized a strike protesting on the paper's employment policy. The strike lasted only a couple of hours, but led to a long-lasting internal conflict in the paper and the party. At the same time, the
Norwegian Graphical Union The Norwegian Graphical Union ( no, Norsk Grafisk Forbund, NGF) was a trade union representing workers in the printing industry and related trades, in Norway. History The union was founded in 1967, when the Norwegian Union of Typographers merged ...
decided to exclude all members at Duplotrykk, ''Klassekampen'''s print shop, on the grounds that they had accepted hours and pay grade outside of the tariff regulations.


1991–1999: New orientation


The Allern years

The process of liberating the paper from party ties, peaked in April 1991, when ''Klassekampen'' no longer reckoned itself party organ of AKP. A new purpose clause stated that the paper should carry serious critical journalism with "disclosures of all kinds of exploitation, oppression and environmental destruction" as well as inspire and contribute to "ideological criticism, organizing and political struggle" from a "revolutionary,
socialist Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...
viewpoint". This change had been approved by the party, that however still would own 80 percent of the shares in the publishing company with the same name. This "liberation process" followed the general line among Norwegian papers, as also conservative and Labour media gained more independence in these years. Helped by state support, frequent fundraising campaigns and an increasing circulation, the 1980s had passed without any financial catastrophes, but the economy was still tight. A system with regular contributions from the readers had been started in 1983 (''Else Berg memorial fund''). In late 1991 this was formalized into the support organization ''Friends of Klassekampen'', that was given the remaining 20 percent of the shares and a seat in the company board. Together with a big fundraiser this provided means for a renewal in design and editorial focus. The circulation increased to more than 10,000 in 1992, but then ''Klassekampen'' lost momentum. It did not manage to use the 1994 referendum on EU membership, where the paper was among with a clear stand against, for increased growth. In early 1995, Duplotrykk – the paper's own printing company – went bankrupt. After this, ''Klassekampen'' has been printed by commercial suppliers.Skjeseth, page 173. Internal conflicts in the staff were frequent. Editor Sigurd Allern had a rather authoritarian style of leadership, that did not suit the liberated situation and hindered the creative capabilities of the staff. An expansion of the Saturday edition in 1994 was forced through by Allern against the will of the journalists, the marketing department, the
CFO The chief financial officer (CFO) is an officer of a company or organization that is assigned the primary responsibility for managing the company's finances, including financial planning, management of financial risks, record-keeping, and financ ...
and a minority of the board. He (supported by the majority of the board) also pursued a strategy of a still broader ownership and had talks with
Kristen Nygaard Kristen Nygaard (27 August 1926 – 10 August 2002) was a Norwegian computer scientist, programming language pioneer, and politician. Internationally, Nygaard is acknowledged as the co-inventor of object-oriented programming and the programming ...
, that had led the No to EU movement and with the Socialist Left Party (SV) and their then weekly, ''
Ny Tid ''Ny Tid'' (English: ''Modern Times Review'') is Norway's largest international quarterly review of non-fiction books – up to 50 in each issue. It is currently owned by Ny Tid & Orientering AS. ''Ny Tid'' is headed by the newspaper founder Tr ...
''.


The Bjerke years

Main owner AKP had, as many of its sister parties from the 1970s, declined during the 80s. A further setback came in 1991, when its election front
Rød Valgallianse Red Electoral Alliance ( nb, Rød Valgallianse, nn, Raud Valallianse, RV) was an alliance of far-left groups formed into a Norwegian political party to promote revolutionary socialism ideals into the Norwegian parliament. The party dissolved itse ...
became an independent organization and many party members chose to quit AKP and concentrate on RV. Among these were several of those sympathetic to Allern's strategy, while the skepticism toward the editor in the rest-AKP became obvious. In 1995, Allern took the consequences of this and resigned.
Paul Bjerke Paul Bjerke (born 2 October 1952) is a Norwegian media scientist. He currently works as a research fellow at the Volda University College and the research institute De Facto, having graduated from the University of Oslo with the mag.art degree ...
, who had been Allern's deputy, was appointed new editor. He had worked in the paper since 1982. His work style was very opposite to his predecessor's. In a portrait interview in 1997 with the headline "Mumble mumble" he described himself as "somewhat over the edge antisocial". Bjerke soon had to accept reductions in staff and number of pages. His proposed strategy was to meet the problems with expansion. This line was supported by
Aksel Nærstad Aksel Nærstad (1 January 1952 – 22 October 2022) was a Norwegian political activist and advisor. He chaired the Red Electoral Alliance from 1987 to 1995. From 1995 to 1997 he chaired the board of the newspaper ''Klassekampen''. He chaired the N ...
, who from late 1994 had been leading the company board. Nærstad argued that it would be possible to reach a circulation of 15,000 within few years, and that a capital increase of ten million NOK could be obtained provided AKP reduced its ownership. AKP considered these to be numbers without links to reality and instead suggested a discussion on what could be done to fulfill the paper's purpose and strengthen ''Klassekampen'' as a "revolutionary, radical, indignant on behalf of the poor, critical to the system and foresighted" newspaper. The national convention of AKP in May 1997 was positive to reducing the party's ownership, but also stated that changing the name or the purpose clause was unacceptable. Criticism of the paper did not only arise from the AKP leadership and cadre. In 1966, an
internet forum An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages. They differ from chat rooms in that messages are often longer than one line of text, and are at least temporar ...
named ''KK-forum'' was established by outsiders as an attempt on
participatory democracy Participatory democracy, participant democracy or participative democracy is a form of government in which citizens participate individually and directly in political decisions and policies that affect their lives, rather than through elected rep ...
, but this was not welcomed by the paper and its staff, who mostly refused to participate in open polemics. Around the same time there was a notable change in ''Klassekampen'''s culture pages with more high-brow intellectual essays that seemed uninteresting and unavailable for the common reader. This led to heavy discussions. Early 1997 Nærstad and Bjerke chose – against AKP's will – to go public with their suggested strategy. This led to Nærstad being sacked as leader of the board, and also to discussions about Bjerke's position. During the spring and summer several initiatives were taken to solve the situation, but there was an increasing lack of confidence between the groups. In September 1997, parliamentary elections were due. For four years RV had had its first representative,
Erling Folkvord Erling Folkvord (born 15 June 1949) is a Norwegian politician for the Red party, and a former member of the Parliament of Norway. A revolutionary socialist, he was one of the leading members of the Workers' Communist Party and the Red Electora ...
, but polls indicated that he was in danger of losing his seat. ''Klassekampen'' had always been supporting RV at elections, but now party members felt the help to be somewhat lacking. A few days before the elections the conflict around the newspaper became public as other media claimed that AKP would fire Bjerke. AKP denied that this was the plan. On election day, 15 September, ''Klassekampen'''s front page had a picture of
Kristin Halvorsen Kristin Halvorsen (born 2 September 1960) is a Norwegian politician of the Socialist Left Party. She served as Minister of Finance from 2005 to 2009 and as Minister of Education from 2009 to 2013. She also served as the party's leader from 1997 ...
of SV, and Folkvord lost his seat with a margin of 600 votes. The next day AKP formally declared non-confidence to Bjerke. Most of the editorial staff gathered around their editor, started a
byline strike A byline strike is a type of labor strike in which news reporters, photographers or graphic artists refuse to allow their names to appear in bylines with their stories or other contributions.(12 February 1976)Reporters At Post Bar Use of Bylines ''T ...
and published comments confronting the papers main owner.


Michelet takes over

AKP now offered the position as editor to
Jon Michelet Jon Michelet (14 July 1944, Moss – 14 April 2018, Oslo) was a Norwegian novelist. He had experience in various lines of work, including sailor and dock worker and references to these experiences can be found in his writing. His writing spans sev ...
, novelist, RV politician and former journalist. He was asked not to take the job by a large majority of the staff. Furthermore, campaigns were organized to hit the paper's economy by not renewing subscriptions or withholding promised financial contributions. When Bjerke received a formal letter about the boards decision of firing him, the local union of journalists declared that it collectively took over the leadership. As a compromise the board now decided to open for alternative candidates. Meanwhile journalist
Carsten Thomassen Carsten Thomassen may refer to: * Carsten Thomassen (mathematician) * Carsten Thomassen (journalist) Carsten Thomassen (15 May 1969 – 14 January 2008) was a Norwegian journalist, political commentator and war correspondent for the Norwegian ...
was appointed temporary editor. By the end of the month, four additional candidates had signed up, with Kjell Gjerseth being the favorite of the staff. He and MIchelet got the same number of votes in the board, leaving the decision to the board leader who voted in favor of Michelet. The public debate during and after this was hard. Both sides had its supporters. Bjerke went to court to keep the job, but settled with one year paid leave before quitting, while the board admitted that their reasons were not necessarily objectively justified. With most of the editorial staff as well as several external contributors leaving, Michelet's most acute task was to fill the columns of the paper on a daily basis. This turned out to be easier than feared, and soon the offices were filled with a new generation of journalists. Still, it was necessary to improve the paper's economy. In 1998, AKP launched a campaign to sell new shares. If successful, this would give ''Klassekampen'' 5.5 million NOK while simultaneously reducing the party's ownership to just below 50 percent. The result was 5.9 million. At he same time, circulation dropped dramatically, leading to several years with operating deficits.


From 2000: Daily of the left

In the AKP years, other parties of the left as well as the trade union leadership regularly were criticized, often in a secterical way. To survive economically and fulfill the strategy of 1991, ''Klassekampen'' and its staff – in line with the slogan "The daily of the left" – had to make friends with these groups. Furthermore, the paper realized that it was not possible to grow by committing only to a working class group of readers, whereupon the coverage of cultural and ideological topics was increased. Much was done in these areas during the 1990s – and much was lost again during the 1997 crisis. Thus, a primary task for Michelet and his staff was to rebuild confidence within these groups. Several persons with links to the Socialist Left Party (and its youth organization Socialist Youth) was hired or offered columns in the paper. MIchelet had a personal style that helped reducing old conflict and build confidence. On the other hand his impulsivity could create internal problems, causing the board and the CFO to alarm AKP, still the largest owner. Strengthening of the paper's editorial leadership was necessary. In October 2000,
Bjørgulv Braanen Bjørgulv Braanen (born 14 November 1956) was editor-in-chief of the Norwegian daily newspaper ''Klassekampen'' until 2018, when he was succeeded by Mari Skurdal. Career Braanen is educated as a welder in addition to have studied history ...
was hired as assistant editor (''redaksjonssjef''). Braanen had been in Klassekampen before, as head of layout in the late 1980s, but had spent ten years in different positions in ''
Dagens Næringsliv ''Dagens Næringsliv'' (Norwegian for "Today's Business"), commonly known as ''DN'', is a Norwegian newspaper specializing in business news. , it is the third-largest newspaper in Norway. Editor-in-chief is Janne Johannessen, who was appointed i ...
'', a liberal business paper. The return to ''Klassekampen'' for him meant a 50 percent reduction in salary, but he said it was a project he could stand for – on the condition that AKP would reduce its ownership and that the paper would develop further into an arena for the broad left. In 2002, ''Klassekampen'' published around 10 essays by and two interviews with Israel Shamir, who was criticized for arguing in favour of alliances with the far right,. After a debate between Shamir and Håkon Kolmannskog (then editor of the correspondence pages), the cooperation was ended.


Braanen's years

Michelet had a five year contract as editor. For health reasons he abstained from prolongation, whereupon Braanen took over as chief editor in 2002. He presented his ambitions: "I think we have a golden opportunity to build a broad, versatile and radical paper. The political situation also demands such a paper, and not the propaganda paper of former times. The left is on the defensive, and the way ahead is vague. (...) In this situation we need a broad and inclusive radical and critical paper, not one that pretends to have all the answers up front." Braanen followed this line, and ''Klassekampen'' managed to increase its circulation year by year. This naturally helped the paper's financial situation and made improvements possible. One of these was an increased coverage of culture. In September 2006 ''Bokmagasinet'' (The Book Magazine) was launched as an enclosure every Saturday, inspired by '' Guardian Review'' and the Danish ''
Weekendavisen ''Weekendavisen'' (meaning ''The Weekend Newspaper'' in English) is a Danish weekly broadsheet newspaper published on Fridays in Denmark. Its circulation (as of 2007) is approximately 60,000 copies, about ten per cent of which cover subscription ...
'', and aiming to become "Norway's most important literature paper". In 2012 a similar music was approached in the same way when the weekly ''Musikkmagasinet'' started on Mondays. Theatre and the arts also have regular pages. For some time, the separate magazine ''Cinema'' was distributed along with ''Klassekampen'' six times per year. In 2004, former editor Paul Bjerke returned to the paper with a regular weekly column that ran for thirteen years. Another step against the mainstream media flow, was to improve the paper's coverage of "all Norway" through regional offices – in
Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, and ...
(2012),
Tromsø Tromsø (, , ; se, Romsa ; fkv, Tromssa; sv, Tromsö) is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the Tromsø (city), city of Tromsø. Tromsø lies ...
(2017) and
Bergen Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and is on the peninsula of ...
(2017). In 2006 Braanen received the
Fritt Ord Award Fritt Ord Award consists of two prizes awarded by the Fritt Ord Foundation (''Stiftelsen Fritt Ord''). Two prizes are awarded in support of freedom of speech and freedom of expression; the Fritt Ord Award ( no, Fritt Ords pris) and the Fritt O ...
for his efforts – together with the staff – to develop ''Klassekampen'' into a broad and including daily "with exceptional contributions in the field of serious political journalism". In 2009 he was named Editor of the Year by the Editors' Association of Oslo. AKP's majority ownership was still a topic of discussion. In 2006 two left-wing publishing houses, Oktober and
Pax Pax or PAX may refer to: Peace * Peace (Latin: ''pax'') ** Pax (goddess), the Roman goddess of peace ** Pax, a truce term * Pax (liturgy), a salutation in Catholic and Lutheran religious services * Pax (liturgical object), an object formerly ki ...
, proposed to invest NOK 3 million in the paper. This was turned down by AKP, creating fear that the party was going back on its plan to reduce its share. But it turned out that the party's plan was even more ambitious, and in 2007 it was announced that also
Fagforbundet The Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees ( no, Fagforbundet) is a trade union in Norway. It has a membership of 395,000 and is affiliated with the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO). It was founded in 2003 as a merger of t ...
, Noway's largest trade union, would throw in 3 million. A spokeswoman for the union stated that "Klassekampen plays an important role in areas important for the union: defending the welfare state, a critical attitude to neoliberalism and wide coverage of the environmental crisis". Later on more trade unions have bought shares in ''Klassekampen''. Fellesforbundet first acquired shares for NOK 100,000 in 2011 (as did Landsorganisasjonen), and then in 2015 threw in 5 million NOK to become a 5 percent owner. In 2007, AKP and RV merged into the Red Party, which took over AKP shares.


Skurdal takes over

In 2018, Braanen resigned as chief editor and was replaced by
Mari Skurdal Mari Skurdal (born 6 September 1977) is a Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor. Background She was born in Oslo and is educated from the University of Oslo. She is a co-author of several textbooks for secondary school, and worked as teacher ...
who had along career in different leading positions in the paper. Braanen continued as a political commentator/editor. Skurdal has in general continued Braanen's editorial line, but with increased priority on
investigative journalism Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, such as serious crimes, political corruption, or corporate wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years rese ...
. A separate unit for this was established in late 2021."Dette er Årets redaktører 2022"
web site of the Norwegian Editors' Association; accessed 13 May 2022.
A new digital platform was launched in 2018 and received the DOGA-label for good design the following year. However, ''Klassekampen'' remains to be a primarily printed newspaper with only a few daily articles openly accessible on the Internet. In 2022 Skurdal was named Editor of the year by the Editors' Association of Oslo.


=Coverage of Russia

= In early 2022 ''Klassekampen'' was criticized by some of Norway's mainstream newspapers for an uncritical attitude towards
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime min ...
's
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
and for having published pro-Russian
conspiracy theories A conspiracy theory is an explanation for an event or situation that invokes a conspiracy by sinister and powerful groups, often political in motivation, when other explanations are more probable.Additional sources: * * * * The term has a nega ...
. The political editor of ''
Dagbladet ''Dagbladet'' (lit.: ''The Daily Magazine'') is one of Norway's largest newspapers and is published in the tabloid format. It has 1,400,000 daily readers on mobile, web and paper. Traditionally ''Dagbladet'' is considered the main liberal newsp ...
'' Geir Ramnefjell wrote that ''Klassekampen'' got its coverage of the events of the
Russo-Ukrainian War The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatist forces in Donbas, Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since Feb ...
that led to the 2022 full-scale invasion "most consistently wrong" and claimed – based on the publication of an essay by the Italian journalist Thomas Fazi – that the paper continued to publish "third rate conspiracy theories" of the "crackpot left" even after the invasion. The day after the Russian invasion the paper was described as "
Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime min ...
's Norwegian parrots" by of ''
Aftenposten ( in the masthead; ; Norwegian for "The Evening Post") is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation. It is based in Oslo. It sold 211,769 copies in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen) and estimated 1.2 million ...
''. The political editor of ''
Dagens Næringsliv ''Dagens Næringsliv'' (Norwegian for "Today's Business"), commonly known as ''DN'', is a Norwegian newspaper specializing in business news. , it is the third-largest newspaper in Norway. Editor-in-chief is Janne Johannessen, who was appointed i ...
'' Frithjof Jacobsen wrote that ''Klassekampen's'' former editor Bjørgulv Braanen was among those who had espoused "rigid anti-Americanism" and "whose voices we do not need to listen to any more." ''Klassekampen'', however, condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine from the beginning. An editorial from Norway's largest newspaper ''
Aftenposten ( in the masthead; ; Norwegian for "The Evening Post") is Norway's largest printed newspaper by circulation. It is based in Oslo. It sold 211,769 copies in 2015 (172,029 printed copies according to University of Bergen) and estimated 1.2 million ...
'' in November 2022 stated that "before the invasion, ''Klassekampen'' went to great lengths to dismiss concerns that there was any threat from Russia against Ukraine. Now the newspaper chooses to downplay the danger that Russian manipulation of Western democracies poses."


=Coverage of transgender people

= The paper has been criticized by representatives of the
LGBT ' is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity. The LGBT term is a ...
community for its coverage of
transgender people This list consists of many notable people who are transgender. The individual listings note the subject's nationality and main occupation. In some non-Western, ancient or medieval societies, transgender people may be seen as a different gend ...
. Gender studies scholar wrote that "''Klassekampen'' has published regular columnists who have voiced transphobic views for a long time." Jon Martin Larsen argued that some published articles were trampling on transgender people and inciting hatred against them. Skurdal denied the accusations of
transphobia Transphobia is a collection of ideas and phenomena that encompass a range of negative attitudes, feelings, or actions towards transgender people or transness in general. Transphobia can include fear, aversion, hatred, violence or anger tow ...
and said that the editorial profile is to bring in different voices on this and other issues, giving the readers the opportunity to make up their own minds. Regular columnists Anne Kalvig (vice chair of
Women's Declaration International The Women's Declaration International (WDI), formerly the Women's Human Rights Campaign (WHRC), is an advocacy group founded in the United Kingdom with presence in many other countries. The group is known for publishing a declaration on "sex-based ...
) and
Kajsa Ekis Ekman Kajsa "Ekis" Ekman is a Swedish author and journalist. She has written four books, translated into several languages, about capitalism, economic crises, and women's rights. She lectures internationally on prostitution and surrogacy. She is a regu ...
(a Swedish freelance writer) have written several articles in the newspaper from "
gender critical Feminist views on transgender topics vary widely. Third-wave feminists and fourth-wave feminists tend to view the struggle for trans rights as an integral part of intersectional feminism. Former president of the American National Organization f ...
" viewpoints.


Internet

''Klassekampen'' has had a relatively small Internet presence since the 1990s, launched in late 1996. In 2020 the paper launched its new website and since then the newspaper has been climbing on daily digital readers. Katrine Holmøy has been ''Klassekampens'' development editor from 2016. In 2019, ''Klassekampens'' online paper was awarded with the DOGA-label for good design. ''KK-forum'' was established by
Trond Andresen Trond Andresen (born 30 April 1947) is a Norwegian academic, former communist politician, public writer and debater, broadcaster, and associate professor of Cybernetics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He served as ...
in 1996. Andresen has since been a keen advocate of the newspaper's use of the Internet, both as moderator of its various semi-official or official early Internet platforms, as a columnist in the printed newspaper and at the shareholders' meetings. ''KK-forum'' played a major role in the ousting of then-editor
Paul Bjerke Paul Bjerke (born 2 October 1952) is a Norwegian media scientist. He currently works as a research fellow at the Volda University College and the research institute De Facto, having graduated from the University of Oslo with the mag.art degree ...
in 1997, when the paper's owners, AKP, appointed
Jon Michelet Jon Michelet (14 July 1944, Moss – 14 April 2018, Oslo) was a Norwegian novelist. He had experience in various lines of work, including sailor and dock worker and references to these experiences can be found in his writing. His writing spans sev ...
as the new editor. As editor of ''Klassekampen'' Michelet initiated a formal cooperation with Trond Andresen and ''KK-forum'', that became the semi-official Internet forum of ''Klassekampen'' from 1997; it was linked from the newspaper's Internet frontpage. Andresen was also a regular columnist in the printed newspaper from 2000 to 2016. In 2008 ''Klassekampen'' launched its official online forum, also moderated by
Trond Andresen Trond Andresen (born 30 April 1947) is a Norwegian academic, former communist politician, public writer and debater, broadcaster, and associate professor of Cybernetics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He served as ...
, following a decision at the shareholders' meeting spearheaded by Andresen. In 2009 Trond Andresen established the Facebook group "Vi som bryr oss om avisa Klassekampen"
hose of us who care about the newspaper Klassekampen A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. Hoses are also sometimes called ''pipes'' (the word ''pipe'' usually refers to a rigid tube, whereas a hose is usually a flexible one), or more generally ...
where the paper's editorial practices are discussed. After some years ''Klassekampen'' distanced itself from the group, and in an editorial the newspaper claimed that the forum "has for years been the scene of backbiting of the newspaper's journalism and staff."


Current content

The paper is based in
Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...
and has local offices in
Bergen Bergen (), historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Vestland county on the west coast of Norway. , its population is roughly 285,900. Bergen is the second-largest city in Norway. The municipality covers and is on the peninsula of ...
,
Trondheim Trondheim ( , , ; sma, Tråante), historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem (), is a city and municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. As of 2020, it had a population of 205,332, was the third most populous municipality in Norway, and ...
,
Tromsø Tromsø (, , ; se, Romsa ; fkv, Tromssa; sv, Tromsö) is a List of municipalities of Norway, municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the Tromsø (city), city of Tromsø. Tromsø lies ...
and
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
, Egypt. Ownership is shared by the Red Party (successor of the Workers' Communist Party), the national trade unions
Fagforbundet The Norwegian Union of Municipal and General Employees ( no, Fagforbundet) is a trade union in Norway. It has a membership of 395,000 and is affiliated with the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (LO). It was founded in 2003 as a merger of t ...
, Fellesforbundet and
Industri Energi Industri Energi (Norwegian for "Industry Energy") is a Norwegian trade union for employees in the petroleum industry, the chemical industry, the pharmaceutical industry, the aluminium and metal industry and the forest industry The wood industry ...
, Mater (sole owner of the
Pax Pax or PAX may refer to: Peace * Peace (Latin: ''pax'') ** Pax (goddess), the Roman goddess of peace ** Pax, a truce term * Pax (liturgy), a salutation in Catholic and Lutheran religious services * Pax (liturgical object), an object formerly ki ...
publisher), Oktoberstiftelsen (minority owner of the Oktober publishing house), the support organization ''Klassekampens venner'', as well as smaller shareholders. On Saturdays, the newspaper features a separate book magazine. Editors of this section have been Bendik Wold (2006–2008) and Karin Haugen (2008–present). Among the regular contributors are (per 2022): Jonas Bals, Ellen Engelstad,
Tore Linné Eriksen Tore Linné Eriksen (born 2 May 1945) is a Norwegian historian. His fields of study include global history, development studies and African history, especially focusing on Southern Africa. Early life and career Linné Eriksen hails from Kolbotn, ...
, Elin Kittelsen, Mimir Kristjansson, Sandra Lillebø,
Espen Stueland Espen Stueland (born 30 May 1970) is a Norwegian poet, novelist, literary critic and essayist. He hails from Porsgrunn, but lives in Vossevangen. Among his books are the novel ''Kjærlighet i tide og utide'' (2001), and the poetry collection ''Å ...
and
Janneken Øverland Janneken Øverland (born 22 August 1946) is a Norwegian editor, biographer and publishing house executive. She was born in Stavanger. She edited the literary magazine ''Vinduet'' from 1980 to 1984. She was co-editor of the three-volume ''Norsk kv ...
. A special column on Nordic literature features essays by
Gerður Kristný Gerður Kristný (born 1970) is an Icelandic writer who is best known for her poetry and books for children. Early life Gerður Kristný was born on 10 June 1970 and brought up in Reykjavík. She graduated in French and comparative literature fro ...
(Iceland), Peter Fröberg Idling and Magnus Nilsson (Sweden), Kristina Stoltz and Peter Nielsen (Denmark), and Sirpa Kähkönen and Pia Ingström (Finland). A music magazine is included on Mondays. Editor is Erik Blegeberg. It features interviews, essays and reviews of a broad spectrum of music genres. Contributors include Egil Baumann, Mariann Bjørnelv, Charlotte Myrbråten and Tom Skjeklesæter. In general, the paper presents a variety of opinions. It features several columns with regular external contributors (per 2022): "Feminist of course" (Wencke Mühleisen, Asta Beate Håland, Stephen Walton, Anne Bitsch), "Kringla heimsins" (Hans Jacob Orning,
Gro Steinsland Gro Steinsland (born 1945) is a Norwegian scholar of medieval studies and history of religion and since August 2009 has been the Scientific Director of the Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Steinsland has m ...
, Frans-Arne Stylegar, Christine Amadou, Thomas Reinertsen Berg, Gunnhild Røthe), "Homo Politicus" (
Ottar Brox Ottar Brox (30 August 1932 – 16 February 2024) was a Norwegian authority in social science and a politician for the Socialist Left Party (Norway), Socialist Left Party. He was professor of sociology at the University of Tromsø from 1972 to 198 ...
, Arne Johan Vetlesen, Bente Aasjord, Linn Herning, Magnus Marsdal), "A Nordic Dawn" (trade union activists from the Nordic countries), "Horizon" ( Bhaskar Sunkara,
Kajsa Ekis Ekman Kajsa "Ekis" Ekman is a Swedish author and journalist. She has written four books, translated into several languages, about capitalism, economic crises, and women's rights. She lectures internationally on prostitution and surrogacy. She is a regu ...
, Thomas Fazi, Francesca Borri, William Shoki, Grace Blakely,
Vijay Prashad Vijay Prashad is an Indian Marxist historian and commentator. He is an executive-director of Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research, the Chief Editor of LeftWord Books, and a senior non-resident fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financ ...
), "Heads and Tails" (Morten Jerven,
Erik S. Reinert Erik Steenfeldt Reinert (born 15 February 1949) is a Norwegian economist, with development economics, economic history and history of economic policy as his specialties. Biography Reinert was born in Oslo, attended the University of St. Gallen ...
, Maria Walberg, Rune Skarstein, Chr. Anton Smedshaug, Ole Kvadsheim), "In good faith" (
Lars Gule Lars Gule (born 24 June 1955) is a Norwegian philosopher. He has graduated with a doctorate in philosophy, and is an associate professor (at Oslo Metropolitan University). From 2000 to 2005 he was secretary general of the Norwegian Humanist Asso ...
, Rania Jalal Al-Nahi, Gyrid Gunnes, Eivor Andersen Oftestad, Mina Bai), "Naturally" ( Stefan Sundström, Anna Blix, Kathrine Kinn, Frans-Jan Parmentier, Lene Liebe Delsett), "Signed" (Jonas Bals, Sandra Lillebø, Olav Elgvin, Olaug Nilssen, Minda Holm, Åsa Linderborg). Other regular contributors are Solveig Aareskjold, Idar Helle, Dag Seierstad, Morten Harper, Arild Linneberg, Torgrim Eggen, Arild Rønsen, and Sylfest Lomheim.
Bjørn Vassnes Bjørn Roar Vassnes (born 16 November 1951) is a Norway, Norwegian musician and writer. He started the folk rock group Erter, Kjøtt og Flesk with Jens Harald Eilertsen in Tromsø in 1972, and was the guitar player for the band. After one LP in 19 ...
has a weekly column on advances in science. Comedian
Knut Nærum Knut Nærum (born 3 March 1961), is a Norwegian comedian, author, comics writer and TV-entertainer. He is best known for being one of the permanent panelists in the Norwegian show ''Nytt på nytt'' (Direct translate: News Anew). On 23 April 201 ...
contributes as a cartoonist on Saturdays. Jens Styve's one-liner ''Dunce'' runs daily. Reviews of theater, film and art exhibition are regular. The Norwegian edition of the monthly ''
Le Monde diplomatique ''Le Monde diplomatique'' (meaning "The Diplomatic World" in French) is a French monthly newspaper offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. The publication is owned by Le Monde diplomatique SA, a subsidiary com ...
'' is enclosed in a full subscription of ''Klassekampen''.


Funding

Norway has for a long time had various schemes for state support of newspapers. Still, it has proved difficult to establish new nationwide print papers. When ''Klassekampen'' became a daily in 1977, it was the first time since 1945 a new paper entered this arena. The next time was in 1992. In addition to state support and income from subscriptions, single sales and advertisements, ''Klassekampen'' has always been based on voluntary financial and practical support. The first printing press was financed by enthusiastic young people taking summer jobs or newspaper couriers (for established newspapers) before school hours.Skjeseth, pages 17–18. All work (editing, printing, sales) was done on a voluntary basis in the first years. The first paid employees started when the paper turned into a weekly publication in 1973. In 1974 the party launched a campaign to finance a
rotary press A rotary printing press is a printing press in which the images to be printed are curved around a cylinder. Printing can be done on various substrates, including paper, cardboard, and plastic. Substrates can be sheet feed or unwound on a continuo ...
. The following 2.5 years the campaign raised more than NOK 5.6 million. ''Klassekampen's'' current owners include Norway's Red Party, the association ''Klassekampens venner'' ("Friends of Klassekampen"), several
trade union A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ( ...
s and smaller shareholders.


Chief editors

*Anders M. Andersen 1969 *Anders M. Andersen and Finn Aasheim 1969 *Finn Aasheim 1969 *
Sigurd Allern Sigurd Allern (born 5 September 1946) is a Norwegian media theorist and the first professor of journalism at the University of Oslo.Sigurd Al ...
and Finn Aasheim 1969–1970 *
Sigurd Allern Sigurd Allern (born 5 September 1946) is a Norwegian media theorist and the first professor of journalism at the University of Oslo.Sigurd Al ...
1970–1972 * Finn Sjue 1973–1977 *Egil Fossum 1977–1978 *Egil Fossum and
Sigurd Allern Sigurd Allern (born 5 September 1946) is a Norwegian media theorist and the first professor of journalism at the University of Oslo.Sigurd Al ...
1978–1979 *
Sigurd Allern Sigurd Allern (born 5 September 1946) is a Norwegian media theorist and the first professor of journalism at the University of Oslo.Sigurd Al ...
1979–1995 *
Paul Bjerke Paul Bjerke (born 2 October 1952) is a Norwegian media scientist. He currently works as a research fellow at the Volda University College and the research institute De Facto, having graduated from the University of Oslo with the mag.art degree ...
1995–1997 *
Jon Michelet Jon Michelet (14 July 1944, Moss – 14 April 2018, Oslo) was a Norwegian novelist. He had experience in various lines of work, including sailor and dock worker and references to these experiences can be found in his writing. His writing spans sev ...
1997–2002 *
Bjørgulv Braanen Bjørgulv Braanen (born 14 November 1956) was editor-in-chief of the Norwegian daily newspaper ''Klassekampen'' until 2018, when he was succeeded by Mari Skurdal. Career Braanen is educated as a welder in addition to have studied history ...
2002–2018 *
Mari Skurdal Mari Skurdal (born 6 September 1977) is a Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor. Background She was born in Oslo and is educated from the University of Oslo. She is a co-author of several textbooks for secondary school, and worked as teacher ...
2018–


Circulation

* 1980: 7219 * 1981: 7633 * 1982: 7920 * 1983: 7920 * 1984: 8008 * 1985: 7780 * 1986: 8020 * 1987: 8110 * 1988: 8185 * 1989: 8449 * 1990: 8206 * 1991: 9232 * 1992: 10042 * 1993: 9692 * 1994: 9822 * 1995: 9103 * 1996: 7796 * 1997: 8087 * 1998: 6506 * 1999: 6477 * 2000: 6557 * 2001: 6648 * 2002: 6929 * 2003: 7178 * 2004: 7512 * 2005: 8759 * 2006: 10109 * 2007: 11386 * 2008: 12109 * 2009: 13265leser- og opplagstall for 2009»''
from
Mediebedriftenes Landsforening The Norwegian Media Businesses' Association ( no, Mediebedriftenes Landsforening, MBL) is an employers' organisation in Norway, organized under the national Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. The current CEO is Arvid Sand. Chairman of the board ...
, 16 February 2010
* 2010: 14390 * 2011: 15390 * 2012: 16353 * 2013: 17648 * 2014: 19253 * 2015: 21648 * 2016: 23414 * 2017: 25019 * 2018: 27855 * 2019: 30076


See also

*
List of Norwegian newspapers The number of national daily newspapers in Norway was 96 in 1950, whereas it was 83 in 1965. A total of 191 newspapers was published in 1969. There were 221 newspapers in the country in 1996. The number of the newspaper was 233 in the country in 1 ...


Notes


References


External links


''Klassekampen''
{{in lang, no
Klassekampen
in
RationalWiki RationalWiki is an online wiki whose stated goals are to "analyze and refute pseudoscience and the anti-science movement, document ' crank' ideas, explore conspiracy theories, authoritarianism, and fundamentalism, and analyze how these subjects ...
Publications established in 1969 1969 establishments in Norway Workers' Communist Party (Norway) newspapers Norwegian-language newspapers Newspapers published in Oslo Daily newspapers published in Norway