Kings and dukes of Brittany family tree
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This is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Brittany. In different epochs the sovereigns of Brittany were kings, princes, and dukes. The Breton ruler was sometimes elected, sometimes attained the position by conquest or intrigue, or by hereditary right. Hereditary dukes were sometimes a female ruler, carrying the title duchesse of Brittany. Its principal cities and regions were ruled by counts who often found themselves in conflict with the Breton ruler, or who became the Breton ruler. During the declining years of the Roman Empire, the earliest Breton people, Breton rulers in Gaul were styled "kings" of the small realms of Cornouaille and Domnonia. Some such kings may have had a form of hegemony over all of the Celtic Britons, Brythonic populations in the Armorican peninsula, and Riothamus is called King of the Britons by the chronicler Jordanes. However, there are no certain rulers of the whole of Brittany, which was divided into the fiefdoms of local counts. The Duchy of Brittany had its origins in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt of 939, which established the river Couesnon as the boundary between Brittany and Normandy. In 942, Alan II, Duke of Brittany, Alan II paid homage to Louis IV of France; however, the duchy did not gain royal attention until 1123, when Louis VI of France confirmed the bishop of Nantes. No other Duke of Brittany repeated Alan II's homage until Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, Arthur I recognised Philip II of France as his liege in 1202. The area was often called a Duchy, and its rulers were considered independent Sovereign Dukes. However, one historical view is that before the middle of the 12th century the Dukes of Brittany were often also called Counts by the Kings of France, as the kingdom of France then saw Brittany as no more than a county. In 1297, the peninsula was elevated into a Duchy in the peerage of France. This view is not consistent with the manner in which Charles VIII of France and then Louis XII of France approached the Duchy and the rights of Anne of Brittany who married each in succession.


Early Breton rulers

*Conan Meriadoc (4th century) – by tradition, the founder of Brittany *Budic II of Brittany, Budic II (early 6th century) *Waroch II (late 6th century) *Saint Judicaël (early 7th century) *Alain II Hir (640?–690) *Morman ( 814–818) *Wihomarc ( 822–825)


Dukes of Brittany


Dukes under the Carolingians

*Nominoe (or ''Nevenoe'') ( 841–851), as a ''missus dominicus'' of the Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Louis the Pious,Pierre Riche, ''The Carolingians: A family who forged Europe'', Transl. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), 195. a count of Vannes (Gwened) and arguably a duke (''dux'') of Brittany *Erispoe ( 851–857), as a duke, then as a king *Salomon, King of Brittany, Salomon (or ''Salaun'') ( 857–874), as a duke, then a king *Pasquitan (or ''Paskweten'') ( 874–877), ruling Brittany (southern part) with Gurvand *Gurvand, Duke of Brittany, Gurvand ( 874–877), ruling Brittany (northern part) with Pasquitan *Judicael, Duke of Brittany, Judicael ( 877–888), successor of Gurvand, ruled Brittany (north) with Alan the Great (south) *Alan I, King of Brittany, Alan the Great (reigned from 877 to 888 with Judicaël, alone as a duke, then as a king up to 907) *Gourmaëlon, Count of Cornouaille (reigned from 907 as a guardian of the kingdom) The succession was interrupted by the Viking occupation (907–937)


House of Nantes

, width=auto, Alan II, Duke of Brittany, Alan II
the Fox
(''Alan al Louarn'')
938–952 , , before 919
son of Mathuedoi, Count of Poher, and a daughter of Alan I , (1) Roscille of Anjou
943
(2) ? of Blois
bef. 949/51
one son , 952
Nantes
aged about 33 , - , width=auto, Drogo, Duke of Brittany, Drogo
(''Drogon'')
952–958 , , 949/52
only legitimate son of Alan II, Duke of Brittany, Alan II , ''never married'' , 958
Angers
aged 5–9 , - , width=auto, Hoël I, Duke of Brittany, Hoël I
(''Hoel Iañ '')
958–981 , , ?
illegitimate son of Alan II, Duke of Brittany, Alan II and the "noble" Judith , ''never married'' , 981
, - , width=auto, Guerech, Duke of Brittany, Guerech
(''Guerech Iañ'')
981–988 , , ?
illegitimate son of Alan II, Duke of Brittany, Alan II and the "noble" Judith, younger brother of Hoël I, Duke of Brittany, Hoël I , Aremburga of Ancenis
after 981
one son , 988
, - , width=auto, Alan, Count of Nantes (988–90), Alan
(''Alan Breizh'')
988–990 , , after 981
son of Guerech, Duke of Brittany, Guerech and Aremburga of Ancenis , ''never married'' , 990 , -


House of House of Rennes, Rennes

, width=auto, Conan I, Duke of Brittany, Conan I
(''Konan Iañ'')
990–992 , , 927
eldest son of Judicael Berengar, Judicael Berengar, Count of Rennes and Gerberga , Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou
973
five children , 27 June 992
Battle of Conquereuil, Conquereuil
aged 64–65 , - , width=auto, Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey I
(''Jafrez Iañ '')
992–1008 , , 980
eldest son of Conan I, Duke of Brittany, Conan I and Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou , Hawise of Normandy
996
four children , 20 November 1008
aged 27–28 , - , width=auto, Alan III, Duke of Brittany, Alan III
(''Alan III'')
1008–1040
''with Odo, Count of Penthièvre, Odo I as regent, then co-ruler (1008–1034)'' , , 997
eldest son of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey I and Hawise of Normandy , Bertha of Blois
1018
two children , 1 October 1040
Montgommery
aged 42–43 , - , width=auto, Odo, Count of Penthièvre, Odo I
(''Eozen I'')
1008–1034
''as regent, then co-ruler to Alan III, Duke of Brittany, Alan III'' , , 999
second son of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey I and Hawise of Normandy , Orguen of Cornouaille
six children , 1079
Cesson
aged 79–80 , - , width=auto, Conan II, Duke of Brittany, Conan II
(''Konan II'')
1040–1066
''with Odo, Count of Penthièvre, Odo I as regent (1040–1057)'' , , 1033
only son of Alan III, Duke of Brittany, Alan III and Bertha of Blois , ''never married'' , 11 December 1066
Château-Gontier
aged 32–33 , - , width=auto, Hawise, Duchess of Brittany, Hawise
(''Hawiz'')
1066–1072
''with Hoël II, Duke of Brittany, Hoël II '' , , 1037
only daughter of Alan III, Duke of Brittany, Alan III and Bertha of Blois , rowspan="2", 1066
seven children , 19 August 1072
aged 34–35 , - , width=auto, Hoël II, Duke of Brittany, Hoël II
(''Hoël II'')
1066–1072
''with Hawise, Duchess of Brittany, Hawise '' , , 1031
eldest son of Alain_Canhiart, Alain Canhiart, Count of Cornouaille and Judith of Nantes, descendant of Alan II, Duke of Brittany, Alan II , 13 April 1084
aged 52–53 , -


House of Cornouaille

, width=auto, Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, Alan IV
the Younger
(''Alan IV Fergant '')
1072–1112
''with Hoël II, Duke of Brittany, Hoël II as regent
(1072–1084)'' , , bef. 1060
eldest son of Hoël II, Duke of Brittany, Hoël II and Hawise, Duchess of Brittany, Hawise , (1) Constance of Normandy
1086/88
no issue
(2) Ermengarde of Anjou (d. 1146), Ermengarde of Anjou
1093
three children , 13 October 1119
Redon Abbey
aged 60s , - , width=auto, Conan III, Duke of Brittany, Conan III
the Fat
(''Konan III'')
1112–1148 , , 1093–1096
eldest son of Alan IV, Duke of Brittany, Alan IV and Ermengarde of Anjou (d. 1146), Ermengarde of Anjou , Matilda FitzRoy, Duchess of Brittany, Maud FitzRoy
1112
three children , 17 September 1148
aged 54–58 , - , width=auto, Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, Bertha
(''Berta'')
1148–1156
''with Odo II, Viscount of Porhoët, Odo II '' , , 1114
eldest daughter of Conan III, Duke of Brittany, Conan III and Matilda FitzRoy, Duchess of Brittany, Maud FitzRoy , (1) Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond
1137/8
three children
(2) Odo II, Viscount of Porhoët, Odo II
1148
three children , 1156
aged 41–43 , - , width=auto, Odo II, Viscount of Porhoët, Odo II
(''Eozen II'')
1148–1156
''with Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, Bertha '' , , ?
eldest son of Geoffrey, Viscount of Porhoet and Hawise , (1) Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, Bertha
1148
three children
(2) Viscounty of Léon, Joan-Eleanor of Léon
August 1167
two or three children , 1170
, -


House of Penthièvre

, width=auto, Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Conan IV the Black
(''Konan IV'')
1156–1166 , , 1138
only son of Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond, Alan of Penthièvre, 1st Earl of Richmond and Bertha, Duchess of Brittany, Bertha , Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany, Margaret of Huntingdon
1160
one daughter , 20 February 1171
aged 33 , - , width=auto, Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance
(''Konstanza'')
1166–1201
''with Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey II
(1181–1186)
with Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, Arthur I
(1196–1201)
with Guy of Thouars, Guy
(1199–1201)'' , , 1161
daughter of Conan IV, Duke of Brittany, Conan IV and Margaret of Huntingdon, Duchess of Brittany, Margaret of Huntingdon , (1) Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey II
July 1181
three children
(2) Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, Ranulf
3 February 1188
no issue
(3) Guy of Thouars
October 1199
two or three daughters , 5 September 1201
Nantes
aged 40 , - , width=auto, Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey II
(''Jafrez II'')
1181–1186
''with Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance '' , , 23 September 1158
fourth son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine , Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance
July 1181
three children , 19 August 1186
Paris, France
aged 27 , - , width=auto, Guy of Thouars, Guy
(''Gi'')
1199–1201
1203–1213''
with Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance
(1199–1201)
with Alix of Thouars, Alix
(1203–1213)'' , , birth date unknown
second son of Aimery IV of Thouars and Aénor of Lusignan , (1) Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance
October 1199
two or three daughters
(2) Eustachie of Chemillé
1203
two sons , 13 April 1213
Chemillé, France , -


House of Plantagenet

, width=auto, Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, Arthur I
(''Arzhur Iañ'')
1196–1203
''with Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance
(1196–1201)'' , , 29 March 1187
in Nantes,
only son of Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany, Geoffrey II and Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance , never married , Disappeared in captivity aged 16; fate unknown , - Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany, eldest daughter of Geoffrey and Constance and full elder sister of Arthur, also unmarried, was prevented from succession for her imprisonment in England which lasted till her death in 1241, thus was merely a titular duchess until 1214 when John, King of England ceased to support her claim.


House of Thouars

, width=auto, Alix, Duchess of Brittany, Alix
(''Alis'')
1203–1221
''with Guy of Thouars, Guy as regent
(1203–1213)
with Peter I, Duke of Brittany, Peter I
(1213–1221)'' , , 1200
eldest daughter of Guy of Thouars, Guy and Constance, Duchess of Brittany, Constance , Peter I, Duke of Brittany, Peter I
1213
three children , 21 October 1221
aged 21 , - , width=auto, Peter I, Duke of Brittany, Peter I
Mauclerc
(''Pêr Iañ'')
1213–1221
''with Alix, Duchess of Brittany, Alix'' , , 1190
second son of Robert II of Dreux and Yolanda de Coucy , (1) Alix, Duchess of Brittany, Alix
1213
three children
(2) Nicole
1230
one son
(3) Marguerite de Commequiers
bef. January 1236
no issue , 6 July 1250
sea off Damietta
aged 59–60 , -


House of Dreux

, width=auto, John I, Duke of Brittany, John I
the Red
(''Yann Iañ ar Ruz'')
1221–1286
''with Peter I, Duke of Brittany, Peter I as regent
(1221–1237)'' , , 1217/18
eldest son of Peter I, Duke of Brittany, Peter I and Alix, Duchess of Brittany, Alix , Blanche of Navarre (1226–1283), Blanche of Navarre
Château-Thierry, Aisne
16 January 1236
eight children , 8 October 1286
Château de l'Isle, Férel, Morbihan
aged 67–69 , - , width=auto, John II, Duke of Brittany, John II
(''Yann II'')
1286–1305 , , 3/4 January 1239
eldest son of John I, Duke of Brittany, John I and Blanche of Navarre (1226–1283), Blanche of Navarre , Beatrice of England
Westminster Abbey, London
25 December 1260
eight children , 16 November 1305
Lyon
aged 66 , - , width=auto, Arthur II, Duke of Brittany, Arthur II
(''Arzhur II'')
1305–1312 , , 2 July 1262
eldest son of John II, Duke of Brittany, John II and Beatrice of England , (1) Marie, Viscountess of Limoges, Marie of Limoges
Tours
1277
three children
(2) Yolande of Dreux, Queen of Scots, Yolande of Dreux
May 1292
six children , 27 August 1312
Château de l'Isle, Férel, Morbihan
aged 50 , - , width=auto, John III, Duke of Brittany, John III
the Good
(''Yann III'')
1312–1341 , , 8 March 1286
Château de Champtoceaux, Maine-et-Loire
eldest son of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany, Arthur II and Marie, Viscountess of Limoges, Marie of Limoges , (1) Isabella of Valois (1292–1309), Isabella of Valois
18 February 1298
no issue
(2) Isabella of Castile (1283–1328), Isabella of Castile and León
Burgos
21 June 1310
no issue
(3) Joan of Savoy
Chartres
21 March 1330
no issue , 30 April 1341
Caen
aged 55


Breton War of Succession

, width=auto, Joan, Duchess of Brittany, Joan
the Lame
(''Janed'')
1341–1364
''with Charles, Duke of Brittany, Charles I '' , , 1319
only daughter of Guy of Brittany, Count of Penthièvre and Joan of Avaugour , rowspan="2", Paris
4 June 1337
five children , 10 September 1384
Guingamp
aged 64–65 , - , width=auto, Charles, Duke of Brittany, Charles I
(''Charlez Iañ'')
1341–1364
''with Joan, Duchess of Brittany, Joan '' , , 1319
Blois
second son of Guy I, Count of Blois and Margaret of Valois (1226–1283), Margaret of Valois , 29 September 1364
Auray
aged 44–45 , - , width=auto, John of Montfort, John (IV) of Montfort
(''Yann IV Moñforzh'')
May 1341–1345 , , 1293
only son of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany, Arthur II and Yolande de Dreux, Queen of Scots, Yolande de Dreux , Joanna of Flanders
Chartres
March 1329
two children , 26 September 1345
Château d'Hennebon, Hennebont
aged 51–52 , - , width=auto, John IV, Duke of Brittany, John (V) of Montfort
(''Yann V Moñforzh'')
1345–1364 , , 1339
only son of John of Montfort and Joanna of Flanders , (1) Mary of Waltham, Mary Plantagenet of England
Woodstock Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire
summer of 1361
no issue
(2) Joan Holland
London
May 1366
no issue
(3) Joan of Navarre, Queen of England, Joan of Navarre
Saillé-près-Guérande
2 October 1386
nine children , 1/2 November 1399
Nantes
aged 59–60


Montfort of Brittany, House of Montfort

, width=auto, John IV, Duke of Brittany, John IV
the Conqueror
(''Yann IV'')
1364–1399
(Previously ''John V'' in pretentious succession from his father.) , , 1339
only son of John of Montfort and Joanna of Flanders , (1) Mary of Waltham, Mary Plantagenet of England
Woodstock Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire
summer of 1361
no issue
(2) Joan Holland
London
May 1366
no issue
(3) Joan of Navarre, Queen of England, Joan of Navarre
Saillé-près-Guérande
2 October 1386
nine children , 1/2 November 1399
Nantes
aged 59–60 , - , width=auto, John V, Duke of Brittany, John V
the Wise
(''Yann V ar Fur'')
1399–1442 , , 24 December 1389
Château de l'Hermine, Vannes, Morbihan
eldest son of John IV, Duke of Brittany, John IV and Joan of Navarre, Queen of England, Joan of Navarre , Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany, Joan of France
Hôtel de Saint-Pol, Paris
19 September 1396
seven children , 29 August 1442
Manoir de La Touche, Nantes
aged 52 , - , width=auto, Francis I, Duke of Brittany, Francis I
the Well-Loved
(''Frañsez Iañ'')
1442–1450 , , 11 May 1414
Vannes
eldest son of John V, Duke of Brittany, John V and Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany, Joan of France , (1) Yolande of Anjou
Amboise
20 August 1431
one son
(2) Isabella of Scotland
Château d'Auray
30 October 1442
two daughter , 17 July 1450
Château de l'Hermine, Vannes, Morbihan
aged 36 , - , width=auto, Peter II, Duke of Brittany, Peter II
the Simple
(''Pêr II'')
1450–1457 , , 7 July 1418
Nantes
second son of John V, Duke of Brittany, John V and Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany, Joan of France , Françoise d'Amboise
1442
no issue , 22 September 1457
Nantes
aged 41 , - , width=auto, Arthur III, Duke of Brittany, Arthur III
the Justicier
(''Arzhur III'')
1457–1458 , , 24 August 1393
Château de Suscinio, Vannes
second son of John IV, Duke of Brittany, John IV and Joan of Navarre, Queen of England, Joan of Navarre , (1) Margaret of Burgundy (1393–1441), Margaret of Burgundy
Dijon
10 October 1423
no issue
(2) Jeanne d'Albret
Nérac
29 August 1442
no issue
(3) Catherine of Saint Pol
2 July 1445
no issue , 26 December 1458
Nantes
aged 65 , - , width=auto, Francis II, Duke of Brittany, Francis II
(''Frañsez II'')
1458–1488 , , 23 June 1433
Château de Clisson
eldest son of Richard of Brittany, Richard de Dreux, Count of Étampes and Margaret of Orléans, Countess of Vertus, Marguerite d'Orléans, Countess of Vertus , (1) Marguerite of Brittany
Château de l'Hermine
16 November 1455
one son
(2) Marguerite of Foix
Château de Clisson
27 June 1474
two daughters , 9 September 1488
Couëron
aged 55 , - , width=auto, Anne of Brittany, Anne
(''Anna'')
1488–1514 , , 25 January 1477
Château de Nantes
eldest daughter of Francis II, Duke of Brittany, Francis II and Margaret of Foix , (1) ''Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor''
(by proxy) Rennes Cathedral
19 December 1490
no issue
(2) Charles VIII of France
Château de Langeais
19 December 1491
four children
(3) Louis XII of France
Château de Nantes
8 January 1499
four children , 9 January 1514
Château de Blois
aged 36


House of Valois

, width=auto, Claude of France, Claude
(''Klaoda'')
1514–1524
''with
Francis I of France, Francis
(1514–1515)'' , , 14 October 1499
Romorantin-Lanthenay
eldest daughter of Louis XII of France and Anne of Brittany, Anne , Francis I of France
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
18 May 1514
eight children , 20 July 1524
Château de Blois
aged 24 , - , width=auto, Francis I of France, Francis
(''Frañsez'')
1514–1515
''with Claude of France, Claude
(1514–1515)'' , , 12 September 1494
Château de Cognac
only son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, Charles de Valois, Count of Angoulême and Louise of Savoy , (1) Claude of France, Claude
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
18 May 1514
eight children
(2) Eleanor of Austria
Abbaye de Veien
7 August 1530
no issue , 31 March 1547
Château de Rambouillet
aged 52 , - , width=auto, Francis III, Duke of Brittany, Francis III
(''Frañsez III'')
1524–1536 , , 28 February 1518
Château d'Amboise
eldest son of Francis I of France and Claude of France, Claude , ''never married'' , 10 August 1536
Chateau de Tournon
aged 18 , - , width=auto, Henry II of France, Henry
(''Herri'')
1536–1547 , , 31 March 1519
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
second son of Francis I of France and Claude of France, Claude , Catherine de' Medici
Marseille Cathedral
28 October 1533
ten children , 10 July 1559
Place des Vosges
aged 40 , -


As courtesy title

, width=auto, Louis, Duke of Brittany (1704–1705), Louis de France
1704–1705 , , 25 June 1704
Palace of Versailles
eldest son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy and Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy , ''never married'' , 13 April 1705
Palace of Versailles
died before first birthday , - , width=auto, Louis, Duke of Brittany (1707–1712), Louis de France
1707–1712 , , 8 January 1707
Palace of Versailles
second son of Louis, Duke of Burgundy and Marie Adélaïde of Savoy , ''never married'' , 18 February 1712
Palace of Versailles
aged 5 , - , width=auto, Francis de Bourbon
1973–1984 , , 22 November 1972
Madrid
eldest son of Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz and María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco , ''never married'' , 7 February 1984
Pamplona
aged 11 , -


Family tree


See also

* Brittany * Château des ducs de Bretagne (Castle of the Dukes of Brittany) * Duchy of Brittany * List of Breton royal consorts * Union of Brittany and France


References


External links


BRITTANY, Medieval Lands
{{Breton monarchs History of Brittany Dukes of Brittany, Lists of monarchs, Brittany