King's Mead Priory
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King's Mead Priory was a
Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...
Priory A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. Priories may be houses of mendicant friars or nuns (such as the Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Carmelites), or monasteries of mon ...
situated west of
Derby Derby ( ) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire. Derby gai ...
, in the area currently known as Nun's Street, or Nun's Green. It was the only Benedictine Nunnery in Derbyshire. The Priory was dedicated to "St Mary de Pratis": ''St Mary of the Meadows''. It became a popular place for Derbyshire's noble families to send their daughters to be educated.


History

King's Mead Priory was founded c. 1160 by Abbot Albinus of nearby
Darley Abbey Darley Abbey is a former historic mill village, now a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is located approximately north of the city centre, on the west bank of the River Derwent, and forms part of the Darley ward along with Little Ches ...
; it was located a mile from
Darley Abbey Darley Abbey is a former historic mill village, now a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is located approximately north of the city centre, on the west bank of the River Derwent, and forms part of the Darley ward along with Little Ches ...
, West of Derby: "in a meadow by the side of the Oddebrook". It was placed under the abbot's care by
Walter Durdent Walter Durdent (died 1159) was Bishop of Coventry from 1149 to 1159. Durdent was a Benedictine monk before his elevation to the episcopate.Knowles ''Monastic Order'' p. 629 and footnote 3 He was prior of Christ Church Priory in Canterbury when he ...
who was then
Bishop of Coventry The Bishop of Coventry is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Coventry in the Province of Canterbury. In the Middle Ages, the Bishop of Coventry was a title used by the bishops known today as the Bishop of Lichfield. The present ...
. Excavations during development work in the early 19th century revealed the location had previously been the location of a Roman (or less likely Saxon) baths; however it's unclear what, if anything, remained when the priory was founded. The priory was home to a convent of
Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , foun ...
Nuns: it was dedicated to "St. Mary de Pratis" and was under the control of
Darley Abbey Darley Abbey is a former historic mill village, now a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is located approximately north of the city centre, on the west bank of the River Derwent, and forms part of the Darley ward along with Little Ches ...
, its parent house. The first Prioress appears to be named Emma; shortly after the Nunnery's foundation a warden was appointed, the first of which was William de Bussel. Part of the priory's income was five pounds paid every year from Nottingham farm rents on the orders of Henry III. In consideration of which the nuns were to say prayers for Henry's father King John. King's Mead's relationship with its parent house,
Darley Abbey Darley Abbey is a former historic mill village, now a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is located approximately north of the city centre, on the west bank of the River Derwent, and forms part of the Darley ward along with Little Ches ...
, began to disintegrate because of disagreements about donations made to the King's Mead. Disagreement reached such a level that Roger Weseham, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield was forced to intervene in around 1250; he brokered an agreement that freed the Nuns at King's Mead (and their property) from control of the
Abbot Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The fem ...
and Canons at
Darley Abbey Darley Abbey is a former historic mill village, now a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is located approximately north of the city centre, on the west bank of the River Derwent, and forms part of the Darley ward along with Little Ches ...
. Property was firmly divided and it was decreed that
Darley Abbey Darley Abbey is a former historic mill village, now a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is located approximately north of the city centre, on the west bank of the River Derwent, and forms part of the Darley ward along with Little Ches ...
would have "nihil potestatis nihil juris" No Right and No Power over the Priory and its property. In these negotiations, The Nuns at King's Mead gained
St Werburgh's Church, Derby St Werburgh's Church is an Anglican church on Friargate in the city of Derby, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building. In this church, Samuel Johnson (Dr Johnson) married Elizabeth ...
, "Welleflat" (a
tithe A tithe (; from Old English: ''teogoþa'' "tenth") is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organization or compulsory tax to government. Today, tithes are normally voluntary and paid in cash or cheques or more r ...
near Mackworth), a mill and adjacent meadow at "Sirreiers", 18 acres of land previously belonging to Ralph Unenath, "Becroft", and some houses in Derby. In return the nuns surrendered to
Darley Abbey Darley Abbey is a former historic mill village, now a suburb of the city of Derby, England. It is located approximately north of the city centre, on the west bank of the River Derwent, and forms part of the Darley ward along with Little Ches ...
an acre and a half of land in
Scarcliffe Scarcliffe is a village and civil parish in the Bolsover district of Derbyshire, England. It is sometimes called Scarcliffe with Palterton. The population of the parish (including the hamlets of Palterton, Rylah, Stockley, and parts of Stony H ...
and an acre of land in Langwith. During the reign of King Edward I (1272-1307), the priory is recorded as earning an annual rent of £14 for their properties in
Derby Derby ( ) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire. Derby gai ...
. They earned an additional six marks of silver from their three mills on the Oddebrook. At this time the priory is recorded as being in control of the manors of Aldewerk, Normanton, Botterleg, and Wytunton. The priory's garden and surrounding land was valued at 20s. a year. A petition was put forward to the king by the priory citing poverty due to the heavy number of visitors they had to entertain. On 2 September 1327, King Edward III granted "his special protection" to the monastery for a period of 3 years (starting December 1327). This was to cover the Priory's property and debts following "unusually heavy mortality amongst their cattle" and "the badness of the past few years". Robert of Alsop and Simon of Little Chester were appointed as custodians of the Priory, as per the nun's wishes. The priory still seems to be in debt seven years after the royal protection was granted, as the nun's poverty is mentioned by the bishop in his letters appointing the new Prioress in December 1334. Also during the reign of King Edward III (1327-1377) the Prioress paid £30 for a licence which allowed the priory to take possession of 10
messuage In law, conveyancing is the transfer of legal title of real property from one person to another, or the granting of an encumbrance such as a mortgage or a lien. A typical conveyancing transaction has two major phases: the exchange of contracts ...
s, a mill, four shops, 6 cottages, 50 acres of land and 10 acres of meadow. Henry IV (1399–1413) issued the priory with charters confirming payment to the priory of the annual payment of 100 shillings from the town of
Nottingham Nottingham ( , East Midlands English, locally ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, England. It is located north-west of London, south-east ...
. Charters also granted them 27 acres of land (with tenements and common pasture) in the Peak forest. During the reign of Henry VII (1485-1509) the Abbot of
Burton Abbey Burton Abbey at Burton upon Trent in Staffordshire, England, was founded in the 7th or 9th century by St Modwen or Modwenna. It was refounded in 1003 as a Benedictine abbey by the thegn Wulfric Spott. He was known to have been buried in the ab ...
lodged a complaint at the
Chancery Court The Court of Chancery was a court of equity in England and Wales that followed a set of loose rules to avoid a slow pace of change and possible harshness (or "inequity") of the common law. The Chancery had jurisdiction over all matters of equ ...
against the Prioress of King's Mead, Isabel de Stanley. He claimed that she had refused to pay rent he was owed, for 21 years. When confronted by the Abbot's bailiff, Prioress Isabel is reported to have said:
''"Wenes these churles to overlede me or sue the law agayne me? They shall not be so hardy but they shall avye upon their bodies and be nailed with arrowes; for I am a gentlewoman comen of the greatest of Lancashire and Cheshire; and that they shall know right well."''

Isabella de Stanley was closely "related to the nobleman who espoused the mother of Henry VII". In November 1509, Geoffrey Blythe, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield sent his suffragan Thomas Weell, titular Bishop of Pavada (near
Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
,
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), to ''"inclose Joan Hethe, nun of the priory of the Blessed Mary juxta Derby, for a solitary life in the chapel at
Macclesfield Macclesfield is a market town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East in Cheshire, England. It is located on the River Bollin in the east of the county, on the edge of the Cheshire Plain, with Macclesfield Forest to its east ...
."'' Weell had the title of Bishop but it was a status title only as there was no cathedral or known congregation. Weell had been the rector of Thorley in Hertfordshire and went on to be a Bishop in the Diocese of Coventry and Litchfield. The
Valor Ecclesiasticus The ''Valor Ecclesiasticus'' (Latin: "church valuation") was a survey of the finances of the church in England, Wales and English controlled parts of Ireland made in 1535 on the orders of Henry VIII. It was colloquially called the Kings books, a s ...
in 1535 records the Priory as having an annual value of £21 18s 8d. (£18 6s 2d remaining after expenses), with an additional 40s a year being brought by
St Werburgh's Church, Derby St Werburgh's Church is an Anglican church on Friargate in the city of Derby, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a Grade II* listed building. In this church, Samuel Johnson (Dr Johnson) married Elizabeth ...
. This small income (perhaps the reason for the priory's financial problems, poverty and debt) was supplemented with income earned from acting as teachers and providing boarding for their female students: members of local noble families.
The Priory seems never to have rectified its financial problems: in the Reign of King Henry VIII (1509-1547) the priory is recorded of having a debt of 20 marks.


Following Dissolution

The Priory was dissolved in 1536. The site of the priory was granted in 1541 to
Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury Francis Talbot, 5th Earl of Shrewsbury, 5th Earl of Waterford, 11th Baron Talbot, KG (1500 – 25 September 1560) was the son of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, and Anne Hastings. He also held the subsidiary titles of 14th Baron Strange o ...
who sold it to
Thomas Sutton Thomas Sutton (1532 – 12 December 1611) was an English civil servant and businessman, born in Knaith, Lincolnshire. He is remembered as the founder of the London Charterhouse and of Charterhouse School. Life Sutton was the son of an official ...
in 1542. The priory passed through the Sutton family, and then to Sir
Simon Degge Sir Simon Degge (1612–1703) was High Sheriff of Derbyshire and served North Wales as a Justice. It was said that he served his year as sheriff in "barrister robes and with a sword by his side". Degge was a Royalist and wrote a reference bo ...
. In 1825 the priory was in the ownership of
Francis Mundy Francis Mundy (bapt. 29 Aug 1771 – 6 May 1837) was an English landowner, Member of Parliament for the Derbyshire constituency and, in 1820, Sheriff of Derbyshire. Life Francis Mundy was the elder of two sons of the magistrate and poet F ...
(of
Markeaton Markeaton is a suburban village within Derby in the East Midlands of England. It is in the Mackworth Ward of Derby City Council. The village lies on the narrow Markeaton Lane road. It is home to the popular Markeaton Park. The name is derived f ...
) who constructed new streets and properties on the site. Whilst this work was being undertaken in March 1825, in an area beyond the just boundaries of the priory, workmen struck a stone coffin lying less than 2 ft under ground, containing the bones of a small woman. The stone coffin had been accidentally broken during excavation works (this is how it was discovered). As it was damaged it was not thought worth preserving it. Fragments of human bone were found in the area adjoining the coffin.
A "tesslated pavement" was also discovered: Made of multi-coloured 3 inch square tiles, it measured 9 ft by 4 ft and was bordered by foundation stones of what were thought to be side and end walls; adjacent were fragments of what appeared to be former arches. It was thought this was part of a Roman (or less likely Saxon) baths. Nothing remains of the priory. Its location is marked by Nun's Street,
Derby Derby ( ) is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Derwent in the south of Derbyshire, which is in the East Midlands Region. It was traditionally the county town of Derbyshire. Derby gai ...
: the priory was located roughly in the location of 124 and 126 Nun Street.


Donations

King Henry III (1216-1272) ordered the bailiffs of
Nottingham Nottingham ( , East Midlands English, locally ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, city and Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority area in Nottinghamshire, East Midlands, England. It is located north-west of London, south-east ...
to pay the priory £5 a year (which was taken from the fee-farm rent) so that the nuns could pray for the soul of his father, King John. Between 1227 and 1243,
Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (; ; ; c.1170 – before 5 May 1243) was an English nobleman who served as Chief Justiciar of England and Ireland during the reigns of King John and of his son and successor King Henry III and, as a consequenc ...
, donated 2 marks a year to "the nuns of St. Mary by Derby". In 1229 King Henry III gave the nuns a
Messuage In law, conveyancing is the transfer of legal title of real property from one person to another, or the granting of an encumbrance such as a mortgage or a lien. A typical conveyancing transaction has two major phases: the exchange of contracts ...
and 12 acres of land at "Bistallegh and Ashop". In 1230 Lancelin FitzLancelin and his wife Avice donated 13 acres of land and a
messuage In law, conveyancing is the transfer of legal title of real property from one person to another, or the granting of an encumbrance such as a mortgage or a lien. A typical conveyancing transaction has two major phases: the exchange of contracts ...
at "Stokes", along with "300 sheep (and their lambs), 8 oxen, 6 cows, 30 goats and 20 pigs"; in return prayers were to be said for the donors and their family. In 1236 Henry de Donison, his wife Eleanor, and Robert de Stanton donated an acre of woodland at "Thursmanleigh" (now known as Nunsfield, near
Alvaston Alvaston (/ˈɒlvəstən/ or /ˈælvəstən/) is a village and ward of Derby, England. Alvaston is situated on the A6, three miles south-east of Derby city centre and probably owes its name to Allwald. It is bordered to the north by the ...
).


Prioresses of King's Mead

Many of the Prioresses were members of leading families in Derbyshire: reflecting the fact that many sent their daughters here to be educated. *Emma, c. 1160 *Margaret, early 13th century *Emma II, occurs 1230 *Raimon, early 13th century *Rametta, occurs 1236 *Sibilla, c. 1258 (fn. 24) *Ellen de Beresford, resigned 1334 (perhaps due to the priory's debt) *Joan Touchet, appointed 1334, died of plague 1349 *Alice de Ireland, appointed 1349 *Elizabeth Stanley, occurs 1431, died 1457 *Elizabeth Mackworth, 1457-1487 *Margaret Cholmeley, appointed 1487 *Isabel de Stanley, occurs during the reign of Henry VII *Elizabeth, occurs 1514 *Alices Knowles, died 1531 *Joan Curzon, appointed 1531


Remains and Artifacts

Nothing remains of the priory buildings: the area (known as Nun's Meadow and Nun's Street) has been heavily developed since the 19th century. Some of the stonework, however, may have been reused in local buildings. Artifacts, including a stone coffin, discovered during building work in the early 19th century were not preserved. Impressions of the priory's seals from c. 1200 are still in existence but are not in great condition. Another seal dating from the 1461 (shaped as a pointed oval) depicts the Virgin Mary enthroned, with the Baby Jesus on her left knee.


References

{{Benedictine houses of England and Wales Monasteries in Derbyshire Defunct schools in Derbyshire Benedictine nunneries in England Benedictine monasteries in England Christian monasteries established in the 12th century History of Derby Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation