Khunzakh ( av, Хунзахъ, , russian: Хунзах) is a

rural locality In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...

(a '' selo'') and the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...

Khunzakhsky District Khunzakhsky District (russian: Хунзахский райо́н; av, Хунзахъ мухъ) is an administrativeLaw #16 and municipalLaw #6 district ( raion), one of the forty-one in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located in the weste ...

in the

Republic of Dagestan Dagestan ( ; rus, Дагеста́н, , dəɡʲɪˈstan, links=yes), officially the Republic of Dagestan (russian: Респу́блика Дагеста́н, Respúblika Dagestán, links=no), is a republic of Russia situated in the North C ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

, located in the

North Caucasus The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, ...

mountains

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance ( height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as '' orthometric heights''. Th ...

. Population:

History

It is widely accepted among historians that in the period of 5th to 12th century AD, Khunzakh, known as Humraj, was the capital of Sarir, a powerful Christian state in the mountains of Caucasus. Khunzakh served as the capital of the Caucasian Avar Khanate from the early 13th century until the

Caucasian War The Caucasian War (russian: Кавказская война; ''Kavkazskaya vojna'') or Caucasus War was a 19th century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the ...

which ended with the annexation of the khanate into Russia in 1864. During the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Avarsky Okrug.

Culture

Khunzakh is considered the cultural heart of the Caucasian Avar region.

Notable Natives

Heroes of Socialist Labor: * Khazha Murtuzalievna Lokalova (December 15, 1920-2001), teacher of the Khunzakh secondary school (

Dagestan ASSR The Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic av, Дагъистаналъул Автономияб Советияб Социалистияб Жумгьурият az, Дағыстан Мухтар Совет Сосиалист Республи ...

Hero of Socialist Labor The Hero of Socialist Labour (russian: links=no, Герой Социалистического Труда, Geroy Sotsialisticheskogo Truda) was an honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It repre ...

(1960). * Magomed Makhulovich Makhulov (February 23, 1915 - April 11, 2021), Soviet statesman,

(April 8, 1971). Political and military figures: * Abukhosro, the ruler of the state formation Khunzakh nutsalstvo in the middle of the VIII century. *

Saratan I Saratan I or Sirtan (11th-century) was a nutsal (ruler) of the state formation Avar Nutsaldom. Origin In the historical chronicle of Muhammad Rafi (XIV century) "Tarikhi Dagestan" a genealogy is given in which Sirtan is called the son of Uru ...

(XI century), nutsal (ruler) of the state formation Avar nutsalstvo. *

Surakat I Surakat I or Suraka ( Avar: Суракъат I, 12th-century) was an Avar nutsal (ruler), who ruled in the 11th–13th and the son of previous ruler Saratan. Origin The discussion about the dates of Surakat's life has not yet been fully resol ...

, Avar Nutsal, who ruled according to approximately one data, in the XI century, according to others, in the XII century or in the XIII century. *

Bayar II Bayar or Baysar, also Bayar-Abbas, Bayrampas ( Avar: ''Байcар'', ''Байар'', 12th-century), was an Avar nutsal (ruler), who ruled in the 12th century and the son of previous ruler Surakat I. Biography One of the legends says that dur ...

, (XII century) - the son of the Avar nutsal and Surakat. * Andunik, also Amir-Sultan, (end of the 12th century - beginning of the 13th century) - the son of Baisar, the Avar nutsal. * Malik Saratan, also Saratan II is the son and heir of Amir-Sultan. * Andunik I, the ruler (nutsal) of the Avar nutsaldom in the second half of the 15th century. * Muhammad-Shamkhal - Avar Nutsal. Ruled from 1578 to 1589 * Umma Khan IV - (at the end of 1735 or at the beginning of 1736) - the ruler of the Avar Khanate at the beginning of the 18th century * Muhammad-nutsal IV - (1730 or 1731-1774), ruler of the Avar Khanate from 1735 to 1774. * Umma Khan of Avar, nicknamed the Great or Mad (1761 or 1762 - March 22, 1801) - Avar Nutsal, ruler of the Avar Khanate from 1774 to 1801. * Hiriyasul Alibek - (beginning of the 19th century - 1839), a military leader of the North Caucasian Imamate. * Akhberdil Mohammed (1803 - June 18, 1843), General and Mudir of Imam Shamil. * Hadji Murad - (1818 - May 5, 1852) - military leader, Naib of Imam Shamil. * Fataali Avar (? - October 1877), military leader, naib of Imam Shamil. * Maksud Alikhanov-Avarskiy (1846-1907), lieutenant general, governor of the Tiflis province. * Zagid Gadzhiev (1898-1971) - poet, translator and playwright, editor. People's poet of the Dagestan ASSR. * Zagidat Magomedbekova (1920-1999), Soviet and Georgian Caucasian linguist, Dagestanologist.

Panoramic views

References

{{Authority control Rural localities in Khunzakhsky District