:''You may also be looking for Ukrainian Kholm Governorate from 1918–1919.'' Kholm Governorate or Chełm Governorate (russian: link=no, Холмская Губерния, ''Kholmskaya Guberniya''; ua, Холмська губернія, translit=Kholmska huberniia, pl, gubernia chełmska) was an administrative unit (

governorate A governorate is an administrative division of a state. It is headed by a governor. As English-speaking nations tend to call regions administered by governors either states or provinces, the term ''governorate'' is often used in translation from ...

) of the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

. Its capital was in

Chełm Chełm (; uk, Холм, Kholm; german: Cholm; yi, כעלם, Khelm) is a city in southeastern Poland with 60,231 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is located to the south-east of Lublin, north of Zamość and south of Biała Podlaska, some ...

(Russian and Ukrainian: Холм ''Kholm''). It was created from eastern parts of

Siedlce Governorate Siedlce Governorate (russian: Седлецкая Губерния (pre-1917 orthography: Сѣдлецкая Губернія), pl, Gubernia siedlecka) was an administrative unit (governorate) of Congress Poland. History It was created in 1867 f ...

and

Lublin Governorate Lublin Governorate (russian: Люблинская губерния, pl, Gubernia lubelska) was an administrative unit (governorate) of Congress Poland. History The Lublin Governorate was created in 1837 from the Lublin Voivodeship, and had th ...

in 1912. It was separated from the Privislinsky Krai and joined to Kiev General Governorate as "core Russian territory", as a precaution in case Privislinsky Krai territories should be taken from the Russian Empire in an upcoming war. Another reason for this administrative change was to facilitate

Russification Russification (russian: русификация, rusifikatsiya), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians, whether involuntarily or voluntarily, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian cult ...

and

conversion Conversion or convert may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * "Conversion" (''Doctor Who'' audio), an episode of the audio drama ''Cyberman'' * "Conversion" (''Stargate Atlantis''), an episode of the television series * "The Conversion" ...

of the non-

Eastern Orthodox Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or " canonical ...

Christians. According to Russian statistical sources for 1914, while the area of the governorate was 10,460 km², it was inhabited by approximately 912,095 inhabitants of whom about 50% were ''Little Russians'' (a demonym used for Ukrainians in Tsarist Russia), 30% Poles, and 16% Jews.http://www.hist.msu.ru/Labs/UkrBel/sklarov.htm (in Russian) However, during the retreat of the Russian Army in the summer of 1915, the Russian command gave orders to evacuate the "Russian population" of Kholm region. Due to that policy, about 2/3 of the Ukrainian population was deported to the

in June–July 1915. The deported population was reaching some 300,000 people and thus significantly changing the national composition in the region. Population In 1909, the population of the lands included in the Kholm province in 1912 was 703,000 people. The entire population of the Kholm province, according to official statistics, was about 760 thousand people: 311 thousand Catholics, 305 thousand Orthodox, 115 thousand Jews, and 28 thousand Protestants. Moreover, the Orthodox accounted for more than half of the population in Grubeshovsky, as well as some parts of the former Lubartovsk and Krasnostavsky districts. In parts of Tomashovo and Kholm districts, as well as in the former Wlodawa Uyezd, the number of Orthodox Christians exceeded the number of Catholics by about 5%. On January 1, 1914, in the Kholm province, out of a total population of 912,095 people, Ukrainians comprised 446,839, that is 50.1%, Poles - 30.5%, Jews - 15.8%. The national composition of the territories of the districts, which were included in the Kholm province in 1912 according to the data of 1897:

Administrative Divisions

The Kholm governorate consisted of 8

Uyezd An uezd (also spelled uyezd; rus, уе́зд, p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context ( uk, повіт), or Kreis in Baltic-German context, was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire, and the ea ...

s (see table below, note Russian spellings for administrative centres used).

References

External links

*
The legal document of the Russian Duma that proclaims the creation of the Kholm Governorate.

Map of Kholm region
Governorates of the Russian Empire States and territories established in 1912 Chełm 1912 establishments in the Russian Empire History of Lublin Voivodeship History of Masovian Voivodeship {{Russia-hist-stub