Karuizawa, Nagano

is a resort town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 20,323 in 9897 households, and a population density of 130 persons per km². The total area of the town is . Karuizawa is one of the oldest and most famous summer resorts in Japan, visited by many people from different countries since the 19th century.

Geography

Karuizawa is located in eastern Nagano Prefecture, bordered by Gunma Prefecture to the north, east and south. The town is located on an elevated plain at the foot of Mount Asama, one of Japan's most active volcanoes. The mountain is classed as a Category A active volcano. A small eruption was detected in June 2015, a more significant eruption spewing hot rocks and a plume of ash occurred in February 2015. Mt. Asama's most destructive eruption in recent recorded history took place in 1783, when over 1,000 were killed. The volcano is actively monitored by scientists and climbing close to the summit is prohibited.

*Usui Pass
*Highest elevation: (Top of Mount Asama)
*Lowest elevation:

Surrounding municipalities

*Nagano Prefecture
** Saku
**Miyota
*Gunma Prefecture
** Takasaki
** Annaka
** Shimonita
** Naganohara
** Tsumagoi

Climate

Karuizawa has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification ''Dwb'') with warm summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Karuizawa is . The average annual rainfall is with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . Precipitation is much heavier in the summer than in the winter.

History

The area of present-day Karuizawa was part of ancient Shinano Province, and developed as Karuisawa-shuku, a post station on the Nakasendō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto during the Edo period.

* August 2, 1876: The hamlets of Kutsukake, Shiozawanitta, Karijuku, Narusawanitta, and Yui merged to form the village of Nagakura. The village of Hatsuji in Saku District absorbed the hamlet of Matorikaya.
* January 14, 1879: Kitasaku District was created, and the town of Usuitoge, and the villages of Karuizawa, Nagakura, Oiwake were established with Kitasaku District.
* 1886: Canadian Anglican missionary Rev. Alexander Croft Shaw and Tokyo Imperial University English professor James Main Dixon introduced Karuizawa as a summer resort.
* April 1, 1889: With the establishment of the modern municipalities system, the town of Usuitoge, and the villages of Karuizawa, and the areas of the former villages of Kutsukake, Shiozawanitta, and Karijuku from the village of Nagakura merged to form the village of Higashinagakura in Kitasaku District, and the areas of the former villages of Narusawanitta and Yui in the village of Nagakura, and the villages of Hatsuji and Oiwake merged to form the village of Nishinagakura in Kitasaku District.
* 1910s: Begins to attract the attention of other expatriates and Japanese. Specially Germans congregate here, language professors and academics hold annual conferences.
* August 1, 1923: The village of Higashinagakura gains town status to become the town of Karuizawa. (The pre-town areas before gaining the town status is known as Kyu-Karuizawa.)
* May 8, 1942: The village of Nishinagakura is merged into Karuizawa
* 1942-45: Site of an internment camp for enemy foreigners and diplomats during World War 2.
* From 1943 relocation of an increasing number of Germans from Tokyo, which is suffering from US fire bombing. The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers deported most German nationals in late 1947.
* 1951: Selected as International Cultural and Tourism City.
* February 1, 1957: Karuizawa absorbed Serizawa area from the former village of Goga, which was absorbed by the town of Miyota.
* April 1, 1959: The Kajikazawa area of the former village of Oiwake was split off and merged with the town of Miyota.
* 1964: 1964 Summer Olympics (Equestrian)
* February 1972: Asama-Sanso incident; Police besiege communist militants holed up in holiday resort after mass killing and hostage taking.
* October 1, 1997: The Nagano Shinkansen opens, serving Karuizawa.
* 1998: 1998 Winter Olympics (Curling)
* 2004: Mount Asama erupts.
* 2016: The G7 Transport Ministers' Meeting
* 2019: The G20 Energy and Environment Ministers' Meeting

Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Karuizawa has been increasing over the past 60 years.

Economy

Since one of the origins of the Seibu Group is in Karuizawa (see also Yasujiro Tsutsumi), Seibu is still developing big businesses in this town such as Prince Hotels.

Hoshino Resorts is headquartered in Karuizawa.

Education

Karuizawa has three public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one public high school is operated by the Nagano Prefectural Board of Education. The UWC ISAK Japan international school is also located in the town.

Transportation

Railway

* East Japan Railway Company – Hokuriku Shinkansen
**
* Shinano Railway
** - -

Highway

* Jōshin-etsu Expressway
*
*

International relations

* Campos do Jordão, Brazil
* Whistler, British Columbia, Canada

Local attractions

Karuizawa was developed as a European-style resort town by a Scottish-Canadian missionary in 1888. In the following decades, the town attracted visitors from across the country seeking to escape the heat of summer and enjoy vacations, as well as a significant number of Westerners. Unlike many other hill stations, Karuizawa was actively open to the natives from the beginning, and many Japanese scholars, artists and others had already built "Western-style" villas in the town by the early 20th century. The Japanese and Western communities interacted well with each other through summer recreation activities and the like. In the 21st century the town retains significant Western cultural influence, and its alpine beauty and cool summer climate (similar to parts of Europe) continue to draw visitors.

More recently, Karuizawa has become a popular year-round resort for mainly Japanese, offering many outdoor sports, hot springs and recreational activities. Convenient road and rail access from central Tokyo has ensured Karuizawa's popularity as a location for second homes and resort hotels since the Meiji era.

Karuizawa is known for its historic shopping street known as "Ginza dōri" or "Kyū-dō" (Ginza Street, or the Old Road) and association with both Japanese royalty and visitors such as John Lennon and Yoko Ono. As a side note, The Crown Prince Akihito met Michiko Shoda for the first time on a tennis court in Karuizawa in August 1957, and John Lennon spent several summers in Karuizawa with his family in the late 1970s.

Karuizawa hosted equestrian events in the 1964 Summer Olympics as well as curling in the 1998 Winter Olympics. It is the first city in the world to host both Summer and Winter Olympic events.�
The Olympian Volume 24
��, p.29, United States Olympic Committee, 1998.

Since 1997, Karuizawa has been accessible via the JR East Nagano Shinkansen. New high speed rail links has resulted in modest population growth and the development of large outlet style shopping malls.

In popular media

* The Birds of Karuizawa from Sept haïkaï, Olivier Messiaen's composition
* The Wind Rises, Studio Ghibli film
: Karuizawa appeared in a part of the film.
* When Marnie Was There, Studio Ghibli film
: The model of the mansion that appeared in the film is the villa in Karuizawa.
* Karuizawa Yūkai Annai, Enix adventure game
* The Curious Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in Japan, Dale Furutani's novel
: The story is based on the premise that Sherlock Holmes was in Karuizawa in the “missing years (1891-1894)”.

Notable residents

* Neil Gordon Munro, Scottish physician and anthropologist
* Paul Jacoulet, French woodblock print artist
* Massimo Baistrocchi, Italian diplomat
* Paul Bryan, British Conservative politician
* T. Canby Jones, American professor
* E. Herbert Norman, Canadian diplomat and historian
* Ronald Lampman Watts, Canadian professor
* Willie Weeks, American bass guitarist
* Tatsuo Hori, Japanese writer
* Ken Watanabe, Japanese actor
* Kōji Tamaki, Japanese singer
* Yukihiro Takahashi, Japanese drummer
* Kazumi Watanabe, Japanese guitarist
* Towa Tei, Japanese record producer
* Tabaimo, Japanese artist

Summer residents

* Alexander Croft Shaw, Canadian missionary
* J. G. Waller, Canadian missionary
* James Main Dixon, Scottish professor
* Edward Bickersteth, Anglican missionary
* Walter Weston, English missionary
* Hannah Riddell, English missionary
* Hugh Fraser, English diplomat
* Bernard Leach, British studio potter
* Francis Brinkley, Anglo-Irish editor
* Walter de Havilland, English patent attorney
* John Lennon, English musician
* August Karl Reischauer, American missionary
* Mary Eddy Kidder, American missionary
* Edwin O. Reischauer, American diplomat
* Edgar Bancroft, American diplomat
* William J. Sebald, American diplomat
* Joseph Grew, American diplomat
* Robert L. Eichelberger, American general officer
* Donald Keene, American writer and professor
* Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi, American architect
* Antonin Raymond, Czech-American architect
* Roman Rosen, Russian baron and diplomat
* Leo Sirota, Ukrainian-born Jewish pianist
* Beate Sirota Gordon, Austrian-born American performing arts presenter
* Fosco Maraini, Italian photographer
* Topazia Alliata, Italian noblewoman and painter
* Dacia Maraini, Italian writer
* Hirohito, Japanese emperor
* Akihito, Japanese emperor
* Naruhito, Japanese emperor
* Empress Michiko, Japanese empress
* Empress Masako, Japanese empress
* Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, member of the Japanese imperial family
* Ōkuma Shigenobu, Japanese prime minister
* Fumimaro Konoe, Japanese prime minister
* Ichirō Hatoyama, Japanese prime minister
* Eisaku Satō, Japanese prime minister
* Morihiro Hosokawa, Japanese prime minister
* Tarō Asō, Japanese prime minister
* Shōjirō Ishibashi, Japanese businessman
* Akio Morita, Japanese businessman
* Yoshiaki Tsutsumi, Japanese businessman
* Masayoshi Son, Korean-Japanese businessman
* Sadako Ogata, Japanese professor
* Nitobe Inazō, Japanese author
* Takeo Arishima, Japanese writer
* Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer
* Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer
* Kunihiko Kodaira, Japanese mathematician
* Shigeaki Hinohara, Japanese physician
* D. T. Suzuki, Japanese Buddhist monk
* Yoko Ono, Japanese artist
* Arata Isozaki, Japanese architect
* Junzo Sakakura, Japanese architect
* Matsumoto Hakuō II, Japanese kabuki actor
* Ichikawa Ennosuke III, Japanese kabuki actor
* Sayuri Yoshinaga, Japanese actress

Evacuees of World War II

* Leonid Kreutzer, Russian-born Jewish pianist
* Alexander Mogilevsky, Ukrainian violinist
* Victor Pokrovsky, Russian choral director
* Varvara Bubnova, Russian painter
* Victor Starffin, Russian baseball player
* Manfred Gurlitt, German conductor
* Eta Harich-Schneider, German harpsichordist
* Karlfried Graf Dürckheim, German diplomat and Zen master
* Joseph Rosenstock, Polish-born American conductor
* Robert Guillain, French journalist
* Widar Bagge, Swedish diplomat
* Francis Haar, Hungarian socio-photographer

References

External links

*
* :ja:軽井沢
Official Website

Karuizawa Tourism Website

Karuizawa Tourism Website

{{Olympic venues equestrian

Towns in Nagano Prefecture
Venues of the 1964 Summer Olympics
Venues of the 1998 Winter Olympics
Olympic equestrian venues