Karni Mata Temple

Karni Mata Temple of Deshnoke (Hindi: करणी माता मंदिर), also known as Madh Deshnoke, is a prominent Hindu temple dedicated to Karni Mata at the town of Deshnoke, located 30 km south of Bikaner, in Rajasthan. It has become the most important pilgrimage site for devotees of ''Charani'' ''sagatis'' after access to Hinglaj was restricted following the partition of India. The temple is also a popular destination for tourists and pilgrims and is renowned, both in India and internationally, as the “Temple of Rats” due to the numerous black rats ''(Rattus rattus)'' known as ''kābā'' which are considered holy and treated with utmost care by the devotees. This is sometimes upheld as exemplary of an "environmentally conscious Hindu ethos". The temple draws visitors from across the country for blessings, as well as curious tourists from around the world.

The temple was originally constituted 500 years ago, around 1530 CE, after the ''mahaprayan'' of Karni Mata. It initially began with the inner sanctum covered by the dome and grew in size with constructions being added by the devotees throughout the centuries.

The holy ''Kābā''

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Legend

Karni Mata was an embodiment of Shakti and remained celibate therefore she married her younger sister to her husband, Depaji, for the continuation of his line. From her, Depaji had four sons, the youngest of whom was Lakshman. Karniji cared for them as her own children.

One day, Lakshman drowned in a Kapil Sarovar in nearby Kolayat while bathing. Her younger sister pleaded to Karni Mata to bring Lakshman back to life. Thus, Karni Mata lifted the body with her hands and brought it to where the murti (inner sanctum) is now, closed the doors, and said not to open them. She went to the god of death, Yamraj and demanded for Lakshman to be returned to life. The god of death queried, "if so, how will the cycle of rebirth work? By what law will it move?" Karni Mata thus declared that her family will not come to Yamraj anymore. "Wherever I live, they will live. When they die, they will stay with me."

Then, Karni Mata chose the embodied form of the ''kābā'' —so that when human Charanas from her lineage die, they will be reborn as ''kābā'' and live near her within the temple, and when ''kābā'' die, they will again be reborn as human Charanas.Deshnok – Kani Mata Temple
''India'', by Joe Bindloss, Sarina Singh, James Bainbridge, Lindsay Brown, Mark Elliott, Stuart Butler. Published by Lonely Planet, 2007. . ''Page 257''. In this manner, Charan Avatar differs from this general understanding of Hindu rebirth, in that the ''jāti'' is maintained across births despite being in a differently embodied form.

At present

In the temple complex reside an approximately 20,000 ''kābā'' who are cared for by the temple's staff and workers who consider them as kin. The ''kābā'' reside and move in spaces throughout the inner temple complex, including within the main temple, the kitchen, near the massive iron pots used to make halwa, in the various side rooms, and on the rooftop. In each space, there are different food items available to the ''kābā''.

Those nearest to the murti of Karni Mata feed on the various forms of prasad offered to the goddess such as laddu, nuts, coconut, and sugar crystals as well as milk, roti, grains, fruits, vegetables, and even liquor. For the ''kābā'' on the rooftop and near the iron pots, their diet consists mainly of grains, fruits, vegetables, roti, and water. Therefore, ''kābā'' of Deshnoke temple have access to a rich variety of resources and are provided protection from predators (cats, etc) by their human Charan kinsmen.

It is observed that ''kābā'' have become habituated to human interaction and touch; they scurry across and lie in the devotee's lap or perch on their shoulders while they are sitting in the temple. They eat from the hands of visitors and from the same thali (plate) as the Charan workers in the kitchen.

Eating food that has been nibbled on by the ''kābā'' is considered to be a "high honour". Temple rules state that if you accidentally step on one of the rats and kill it, you must replace it with a rat made of solid silver or gold.

White ''kābā''

Out of all of the thousands of ''kābā'' rats in the temple, there are a few white ''kābā'', which are considered to be especially holy. They are believed to be the manifestations of Karni Mata herself and her four sons. Sighting them is a special blessing and visitors put in extensive efforts to bring them forth, offering prasad, a sweet holy food.

Temple administration

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The main presiding body administrating the temple complex is ''Shri Karani Mandir Nij Pranyas''. The trust consists of an elected committee and is the predominant landholding institution in Deshnoke. It governs several dharmshalas, two museums dedicated to the history of Karni Mata, and two large gaushalas, which produce dairy and other products that derive from the bovines kept there.

At the temple, Charan workers serve as religious specialists and conduct various rituals such as '' puja'' and ''aarti'', receive offerings from visiting pilgrims, clean the inner spaces of the temple, conduct surveillance in the CCTV room and at the main entrance of the temple, and provide care for the ''kābā''.

Besides the temple complex, the trust also governs several gaushalas and sponsors annual ''gaukatha''. The temple administration also enforces the ban on the cutting of trees in Deshnoke.

Depavats

The largest Charan lineage in Deshnoke is of the Depavats, of whom there are more than 500 families altogether.

''Baridari''

''Baridari'' refers to the current Head Priest who is chosen from the lineage of Karni Mata, i.e. a Depavat. He is elected to serve the duty determined through a rotating list held by the temple administration. He is the only individual who can enter the innermost sanctum (''garbhagriha'') where Karni Mata's murti is housed and is unable to leave the temple boundaries during their month-long role as ''baridari''. During his tenure, the ''baridari'' lives day and night in the temple with the ''kābā''.

Architecture

The building was completed in its current form in the early 20th century in the late Rajput architecture by Maharaja Ganga Singh of Bikaner.

In front of the temple is a beautiful marble facade, which has solid silver doors built by Maharaja Ganga Singh. Across the doorway are more silver doors with panels depicting the various legends of the Goddess. The image of the Goddess is enshrined in the inner sanctum.

File:Sculpture_de_la_fa%C3%A7ade_(Temple_de_Karni_Mata)_(8423356373).jpg
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Worship and fair

Worship

The temple is opened to the public early in the morning at 04:00. The priests perform Mangla-Aarti and offer bhog (special food) in worship. Devotees make offerings to the rats, which roam about the temple in large numbers and are considered auspicious. Offerings include cheese and sweets. There are also bowls of milk around the temple for the rats to enjoy. There are two kinds of offerings made: the 'dwar-bhent' is attributed to the priests and the workers, while the 'kalash-bhent' is utilized for the temple maintenance and development.

Many worshipers believe the rats' saliva has healing properties and will share food and milk with the rats.

Karni Mata Fair

Karni Mata Fair is held twice a year at Deshnoke:

* The first and larger fair is held in March–April during the Navratras from Chaitra Shukla Ekam to Chaitra Shukla Dashmi.
* The second fair is held in September–October, also during the Navratras, from Ashvin Shukla to Ashwin Shukla Dashmi.

During Navratri thousands of people make pilgrimage to the temple by foot.

Oran Parikrama

The Oran of Deshnoke, established by Karni Mata herself, is a 42 km stretch marked as sacrosanct by the deity where no being is to be harmed or any tree-wood to be cut for use as fuel. The Oran Parikrama in the Navratras usually attracts tens of thousands of people.

In popular culture

The temple feature across media such as National Geographic, various documentaries, Indian tourism sites and literature.

The temple appeared on the first season of the American reality television series ''The Amazing Race''.

Because of its revered rat population, the temple was featured in the 2016 documentary film ''Rats'', directed by Morgan Spurlock.

The Temple was also featured in Season 2, Episode 3 of '' Mighty Trains'' as a stop on the week-long train route of the ''Maharajas' Express''.

Gallery

File:La statue de la déesse entourée des rats sacrés (Temple de Karni Mata) (8423510937).jpg
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File:Deshnok,_Karni_Mata_Temple_(6271597223).jpg
File:Rat temple.jpg
File:Volets_en_argent_(Temple_de_Karni_Mata)_(8424448520).jpg

See also

* Karni Mata
* Savitri Mata Mandir
* Tourism in Rajasthan

References

{{Tourism in India

Tourist attractions in Bikaner district
Hindu temples in Rajasthan
Hindu animal worship
Charan
Mice and rats in popular culture
Rats