Kalleshvara Temple, Bagali

Kalleshvara temple (also spelt Kallesvara or Kalleshwara) ()is located in the town of Bagali (called Balgali in ancient inscriptions) near to Harpanahalli town in the Davangere district of Karnataka state, India.

Construction

The construction of the temple spans the rule of two Kannada dynasties: the Rashtrakuta Dynasty during the mid-10th century, and the Western Chalukya Empire, during the reign of founding King Tailapa II (also called Ahava Malla) around 987 AD. (the dynasty is also called Later or Kalyani Chalukya). The consecration of the temple was done by an individual called Duggimayya. Art historian Adam Hardy classifies the architectural style of the temple as "Late Rashtrakuta ''vimana'' (shrine and tower) with erotic carvings, and a closed ''mantapa'' (hall), fronted by a Later Chalukya non-mainstream open ''mantapa'', the building material for which is soapstone". The existing tower over the shrine may be a later day re-construction.Hardy (1995), p 323 The temple, whose premises have yielded thirty-six old Kannada inscriptions (''danashasana'', ''lit'', describing donations) from the 10th and 11th centuries, is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.

Temple plan and decoration

The temple plan comprises a main shrine for the Hindu god Shiva with a sanctum (cella or ''garbhagriha'') facing east, a vestibule (antechamber or ''antarala''), a main closed hall (''mahamantapa'') with an entrance in the south and east. These structures are attributed to the 10th century Rashtrakuta rule. The closed hall is preceded by a large, open gathering hall (''sabhamandapa'') with fifty highly ornate lathe turned pillars that support a decorative ceiling. Also provided are a shrine for the Sun god Surya with a hall (''mukhamandapa'') facing the east-west orientation, and a small shrine for the deity Narasimha (a form of the Hindu god Vishnu) in the north of the gathering hall. These constructions are ascribed to the Western Chalukya rule. In all, there are eight small shrines built around the main shrine. Of the fifty pillars, twenty four pillars are located over the platform ('' jagati'') provided with a balcony seating (''kakshasana''). The door ways (doorjamb and lintel) of the eastern doorway that faces the Nandi (bull, a companion of the Hindu god Shiva), and the southern doorway that forms an entry into the close hall are intricately decorated. A few independent sculptures from the late Chalukyan period are found in the closed hall. These include Shiva, Umamahesvara (Shiva with his consort Parvati), Ganesha, Kartikeya, Surya, Anantasayana (the god Vishnu seated on a snake), Sarasvati and Mahishamardini (a form of the goddess Durga).

See also

* Kalleshwara Temple, Hire Hadagali
* Kalleshvara Temple, Ambali

Notes

Gallery

File:Kalleshvara temple (987 AD) at Bagali 1.JPG, Close up of shrine and closed mantapa outer wall at Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:View of Kalleshvara temple (987 AD) at Bagali.JPG, A view from a distance of the Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Hero stone (virgal) with Kannada inscription in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali.JPG, Hero stone with late 10th - 11th century old Kannada inscription depicts a battle with cattle thieves in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Entrance to closed mantapa from open mantapa in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali.JPG, Ornate eastern doorway to the closed hall (''mahaamantapa'') from the open hall (''sabhamantapa'')
File:Close up of lintel over mantapa entrance in Kalleshvara Temple at Bagali.jpg, Close up of linel over mantapa entrance of Kalleshvara Temple at Bagali
File:Entrance to sanctum in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali.JPG, Ornate eastern doorway entrance to the vestibule and sanctum in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Old Kannada inscription (10th-11th century) in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali.JPG, An Old Kannada inscription from the late 10th - 11th century A.D. in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Open mantapa (hall) in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 1.JPG, A view of the open hall looking into the eastern doorway to the close hall
File:Ornate door jamb in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali.JPG, Ornate doorjamb in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Pillar base relief in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali.JPG, Pillar pedestal relief in the open hall in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Pillar pedestal relief in the open hall in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 2.JPG, Pillar pedestal relief in the open hall in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Pillar pedestal relief in the open hall in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 1.JPG, Pillar pedestal relief in the open hall in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Ornate entrance to closed mantapa in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali.JPG, Ornate entrance to the closed hall from the south
File:Shrine wall erotic sculptures in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 2.JPG, Shrine wall erotic carvings from the Rashtrakuta period in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Shrine wall erotic sculptures in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 1.JPG, Shrine wall erotic carvings from the Rashtrakuta period in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Shrine wall erotic sculptures in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 3.JPG, Shrine wall erotic carvings from the Rashtrakuta period in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali
File:Shrine wall erotic sculptures in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali 4.JPG, Shrine wall erotic carvings from the Rashtrakuta period in Kalleshvara temple at Bagali

References

*
*Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995, New Delhi, .
*

{{Historical places of Chalukyas

Western Chalukya Empire
Chalukya dynasty
Hindu temples in Davanagere district