July 21
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Pre-1600

* 356 BC – The
Temple of Artemis The Temple of Artemis or Artemision ( gr, Ἀρτεμίσιον; tr, Artemis Tapınağı), also known as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (identified with Diana, a Roman god ...
in
Ephesus Ephesus (; grc-gre, Ἔφεσος, Éphesos; tr, Efes; may ultimately derive from hit, 𒀀𒉺𒊭, Apaša) was a city in ancient Greece on the coast of Ionia, southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey. It was built in t ...
, one of the
Seven Wonders of the World Various lists of the Wonders of the World have been compiled from antiquity to the present day, in order to catalogue the world's most spectacular natural features and human-built structures. The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is the o ...
, is destroyed by
arson Arson is the crime of willfully and deliberately setting fire to or charring property. Although the act of arson typically involves buildings, the term can also refer to the intentional burning of other things, such as motor vehicles, wat ...
. *
230 Year 230 (Roman numerals, CCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Agricola and Clementinus (or, less frequently, year ...
Pope Pontian Pope Pontian ( la, Pontianus; died October 235) was the bishop of Rome from 21 July 230 to 28 September 235.Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911). "Pope St. Pontian" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company. In 235, duri ...
succeeds
Urban I Pope Urban I (175?–230) ( la, Urbanus I) was the bishop of Rome from 222 to 23 May 230.Kirsch, Johann Peter (1912). "Pope Urban I" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. He was born in Rome and succeeded ...
as the eighteenth
pope The pope ( la, papa, from el, πάππας, translit=pappas, 'father'), also known as supreme pontiff ( or ), Roman pontiff () or sovereign pontiff, is the bishop of Rome (or historically the patriarch of Rome), head of the worldwide Cathol ...
. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the first pope to resign his office. *
285 The year 285 ( CCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the "Year of the Consulship of Carinus and Aurelius" (or, less frequently, "year ...
Diocletian Diocletian (; la, Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, grc, Διοκλητιανός, Diokletianós; c. 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed ''Iovius'', was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305. He was born Gaius Valerius Diocles ...
appoints
Maximian Maximian ( la, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus; c. 250 – c. July 310), nicknamed ''Herculius'', was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was ''Caesar'' from 285 to 286, then ''Augustus'' from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his ...
as
Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman people, Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in Caes ...
and co-ruler. * 365 – The
365 Crete earthquake The 365 Crete earthquake occurred at about sunrise on 21 July 365 in the Eastern Mediterranean, with an assumed epicentre near Crete. Geologists today estimate the undersea earthquake to have been a moment magnitude 8.5 or higher. It caused wides ...
affected the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (''Extreme''), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially
Alexandria Alexandria ( or ; ar, ٱلْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةُ ; grc-gre, Αλεξάνδρεια, Alexándria) is the second largest city in Egypt, and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast. Founded in by Alexander the Great, Alexandria ...
. Many thousands were killed. * 905 – King
Berengar I of Italy Berengar I ( la, Berengarius, Perngarius; it, Berengario; – 7 April 924) was the king of Italy from 887. He was Holy Roman Emperor between 915 and his death in 924. He is usually known as Berengar of Friuli, since he ruled the March of Friu ...
and a hired Hungarian army defeats the
Frankish Frankish may refer to: * Franks, a Germanic tribe and their culture ** Frankish language or its modern descendants, Franconian languages * Francia, a post-Roman state in France and Germany * East Francia, the successor state to Francia in Germany ...
forces at
Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Northern Italy, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and the ...
. King
Louis III Louis III may refer to: * Louis the Younger, sometimes III of Germany (835–882) * Louis III of France (865–882) * Louis the Blind, Louis III, Holy Roman Emperor, (c. 880–928) * Louis the Child, sometimes III of Germany (893–911) * Louis I ...
is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see
902 __NOTOC__ Year 902 (Roman numerals, CMII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Adalbert II, Margrave of Tuscany, Adalbert II, margr ...
). * 1242
Battle of Taillebourg The Battle of Taillebourg, a major medieval battle fought in July 1242, was the decisive engagement of the Saintonge War. It pitted a French Capetian army under the command of King Louis IX, also known as Saint Louis, and his younger brother Alp ...
:
Louis IX of France Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis or Louis the Saint, was King of France from 1226 to 1270, and the most illustrious of the Direct Capetians. He was crowned in Reims at the age of 12, following the ...
puts an end to the revolt of his vassals
Henry III of England Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry a ...
and
Hugh X of Lusignan Hugh X de Lusignan, Hugh V of La Marche or Hugh I of Angoulême (c. 1183 – c. 5 June 1249, Angoulême) was Seigneur de Lusignan and Count of La Marche in November 1219 and was Count of Angoulême by marriage. He was the son of Hugh IX ...
. * 1403
Battle of Shrewsbury The Battle of Shrewsbury was a battle fought on 21 July 1403, waged between an army led by the Lancastrian King Henry IV and a rebel army led by Henry "Harry Hotspur" Percy from Northumberland. The battle, the first in which English archers ...
: King
Henry IV of England Henry IV ( April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England from 1399 to 1413. He asserted the claim of his grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philip IV of France, to the Kingdom of F ...
defeats rebels to the north of the county town of
Shropshire Shropshire (; alternatively Salop; abbreviated in print only as Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a landlocked historic county in the West Midlands region of England. It is bordered by Wales to the west and the English counties of Cheshire to th ...
, England. * 1545 – The first landing of French troops on the coast of the
Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight ( ) is a county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the largest and second-most populous island of England. Referred to as 'The Island' by residents, the Isle of ...
during the
French invasion of the Isle of Wight The French invasion of the Isle of Wight occurred during the Italian Wars in July 1545. The invasion was repulsed. France had a long history of attacking the Isle of Wight, and the 1545 campaign proved to be the last time to date that the F ...
. *
1568 Year 1568 ( MDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 6– 13 – In the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, the delegates of Unio Tr ...
Eighty Years' War The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt ( nl, Nederlandse Opstand) ( c.1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Refo ...
:
Battle of Jemmingen After the Battle of Heiligerlee, the Dutch rebel leader Louis of Nassau (brother of William the Silent) failed to capture the city of Groningen. Louis was driven away by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba and defeated at the Battle of ...
:
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva Fernando is a Spanish and Portuguese given name and a surname common in Spain, Portugal, Italy, France, Switzerland, former Spanish or Portuguese colonies in Latin America, Africa, the Philippines, India, and Sri Lanka. It is equivalent to the G ...
defeats
Louis of Nassau Louis of Nassau (Dutch: Lodewijk van Nassau, January 10, 1538 – April 14, 1574) was the third son of William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen and Juliana of Stolberg, and the younger brother of Prince William of Orange Nassau. Louis was a key f ...
.


1601–1900

*
1645 Events January–March * January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the ''Directory for Public Worship'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not ...
Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
regent
Dorgon Dorgon (, ; 17 November 1612 – 31 December 1650), was a Manchu prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty. Born in the House of Aisin-Gioro as the 14th son of Nurhaci (the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, predecessor of the Qing dynasty) ...
issues an
edict An edict is a decree or announcement of a law, often associated with monarchism, but it can be under any official authority. Synonyms include "dictum" and "pronouncement". ''Edict'' derives from the Latin edictum. Notable edicts * Telepinu Proc ...
ordering all
Han Chinese The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive va ...
men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the
Manchus The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and Q ...
. * 1656 – The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War. * 1674 – A Dutch assault on the French island of
Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in th ...
is repulsed against all odds. *
1718 Events January – March * January 7 – In India, Sufi rebel leader Shah Inayat Shaheed from Sindh who had led attacks against the Mughal Empire, is beheaded days after being tricked into meeting with the Mughals to discus ...
– The
Treaty of Passarowitz The Treaty of Passarowitz, or Treaty of Požarevac, was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac ( sr-cyr, Пожаревац, german: Passarowitz), a town that was in the Ottoman Empire but is now in Serbia, on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman ...
between the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, Austria and the
Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
is signed. * 1774
Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European histor ...
: Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the
Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ( tr, Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması; russian: Кючук-Кайнарджийский мир), formerly often written Kuchuk-Kainarji, was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kayna ...
ending the war. *
1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of Wa ...
French campaign in Egypt and Syria The French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, proclaimed to defend French trade interests, to establish scientific enterprise in the region. It was the ...
:
Napoleon's Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
forces defeat an Ottoman-
Mamluk Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
army near
Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo metro ...
in the
Battle of the Pyramids The Battle of the Pyramids, also known as the Battle of Embabeh, was a major engagement fought on 21 July 1798, during the French Invasion of Egypt. The battle took place near the village of Embabeh, across the Nile River from Cairo, but was ...
. * 1831 – Inauguration of
Leopold I of Belgium * nl, Leopold Joris Christiaan Frederik * en, Leopold George Christian Frederick , image = NICAISE Leopold ANV.jpg , caption = Portrait by Nicaise de Keyser, 1856 , reign = 21 July 1831 – , predecessor = Erasme Loui ...
, first king of the
Belgians Belgians ( nl, Belgen; french: Belges; german: Belgier) are people identified with the Kingdom of Belgium, a federal state in Western Europe. As Belgium is a multinational state, this connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultur ...
. *
1861 Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry. Events January–March * January 1 ** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City. ** The first steam-p ...
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by states th ...
:
First Battle of Bull Run The First Battle of Bull Run (the name used by Union forces), also known as the Battle of First Manassas
: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the
Confederate Confederacy or confederate may refer to: States or communities * Confederate state or confederation, a union of sovereign groups or communities * Confederate States of America, a confederation of secessionist American states that existed between 1 ...
army. *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at Broad Street (Manhattan), 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Sec ...
– In the market square of
Springfield, Missouri Springfield is the third largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County. The city's population was 169,176 at the 2020 census. It is the principal city of the Springfield metropolitan area, which had an estimat ...
,
Wild Bill Hickok James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837August 2, 1876), better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok, was a folk hero of the American Old West known for his life on the frontier as a soldier, scout, lawman, gambler, showman, and actor, and for his involvement ...
shoots and kills
Davis Tutt Davis Kasey Tutt (1836 – July 21, 1865) was an American Old West gambler and former soldier, best remembered for being killed during the Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout of 1865, which launched Wild Bill Hickok to fame as a gunfighter. ...
in what is regarded as the first western showdown. * 1873 – At
Adair, Iowa Adair is a city in Adair and Guthrie counties of Iowa in the United States. The population was 791 at the 2020 census. History The Rock Island Railroad was built through the area in 1868, which led to the area being known as Summit Cut. This ...
,
Jesse James Jesse Woodson James (September 5, 1847April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla and leader of the James–Younger Gang. Raised in the " Little Dixie" area of Western Missouri, James and his family maintained stro ...
and the
James–Younger Gang The James–Younger Gang was a notable 19th-century gang of United States, American outlaws that revolved around Jesse James and his brother Frank James. The gang was based in the state of Missouri, the home of most of the members. Membership f ...
pull off the first successful
train robbery Train robbery is a type of robbery, in which the goal is to steal money or other valuables being carried aboard trains. History Train robberies were more common in the past when trains were slower, and often occurred in the American Old West. Tr ...
in the
American Old West The American frontier, also known as the Old West or the Wild West, encompasses the geography, history, folklore, and culture associated with the forward wave of American expansion in mainland North America that began with European colonial ...
. * 1877 – After rioting by
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was the first common carrier railroad and the oldest railroad in the United States, with its first section opening in 1830. Merchants from Baltimore, which had benefited to some extent from the construction of ...
workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to ...
militia, workers in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Wester ...
, stage a
sympathy strike Solidarity action (also known as secondary action, a secondary boycott, a solidarity strike, or a sympathy strike) is industrial action by a trade union in support of a strike initiated by workers in a separate corporation, but often the same en ...
that is met with an assault by the state militia.


1901–present

*
1904 Events January * January 7 – The distress signal ''CQD'' is established, only to be replaced 2 years later by ''SOS''. * January 8 – The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library system. * ...
Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter
Gobron-Brillié Gobron-Brillié was an early French automobile manufactured from 1898 to 1930.P. Roberts (1973). ''A Picture History of the Automobile'', Ward Lock Ltd, London, UK. The original company, ''Societé des Moteurs Gobron-Brillié'', was founded by t ...
in
Ostend Ostend ( nl, Oostende, ; french: link=no, Ostende ; german: link=no, Ostende ; vls, Ostende) is a coastal city and municipality, located in the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It comprises the boroughs of Mariakerk ...
, Belgium. * 1907 – The passenger steamer SS ''Columbia'' sinks after colliding with the steam schooner ''San Pedro'' off
Shelter Cove, California Shelter Cove is a census-designated place in Humboldt County, California. It lies at an elevation of 138 feet (42 m). Shelter Cove is on California's Lost Coast where the King Range meets the Pacific Ocean. A nine-hole golf course surrounds the ...
, killing 88 people. *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
– The
dirigible An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power. Aerostats gain their lift from a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air. In early ...
'' Wingfoot Air Express'' crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...
, killing 12 people. *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– The
Belfast Pogrom Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom ...
begins with the one day removal of thousands of
Belfast Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdo ...
shipyard, factory and mill workers from their jobs. *
1925 Events January * January 1 ** The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini makes a pivotal speech in the Italia ...
Scopes Trial: In
Dayton, Tennessee Dayton is a city and county seat in Rhea County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 7,065. The Dayton Urban Cluster, which includes developed areas adjacent to the city and extends south to Graysville. Da ...
, high school biology teacher
John T. Scopes John Thomas Scopes (August 3, 1900 – October 21, 1970) was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of human evolution in Tennessee schools. He was trie ...
is found guilty of teaching
human evolution Human evolution is the evolutionary process within the history of primates that led to the emergence of ''Homo sapiens'' as a distinct species of the hominid family, which includes the great apes. This process involved the gradual development of ...
in class and fined $100. * 1925 –
Malcolm Campbell Major Sir Malcolm Campbell (11 March 1885 – 31 December 1948) was a British racing motorist and motoring journalist. He gained the world speed record on land and on water at various times, using vehicles called ''Blue Bird'', including a 1 ...
becomes the first man to exceed on land. At
Pendine Sands Pendine Sands ( cy, Traeth Pentywyn) is a beach on the shores of Carmarthen Bay on the south coast of Wales. It stretches west to east from Gilman Point to Laugharne Sands. The village of Pendine ( cy, Pentywyn, link=no) is close to the wester ...
in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of . *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...
: The
Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia ( ca, Comitè Central de Milícies Antifeixistes de Catalunya, CCMA) was an administrative body created on July 21, 1936 by the president of the Government of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, ...
is constituted, establishing an
anarcho-syndicalist Anarcho-syndicalism is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought that views revolutionary industrial unionism or syndicalism as a method for workers in capitalist society to gain control of an economy and thus control influence in b ...
economy in
Catalonia Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a ''nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy. Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the north ...
. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
: Battle of Guam: American troops land on
Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States (reckoned from the geographic cent ...
, starting a battle that will end on
August 10 Events Pre-1600 * 654 – Pope Eugene I elected to succeed Martinus I. * 955 – Battle of Lechfeld: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Magyars, ending 50 years of Magyar invasion of the West. * 991 – Battle of Maldon: Th ...
. * 1944 – World War II:
Claus von Stauffenberg Colonel Claus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (; 15 November 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German army officer best known for his failed attempt on 20 July 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair. Despite ...
and four fellow conspirators are executed for the
July 20 plot On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia, now Kętrzyn, in present-day Poland. The ...
to assassinate Adolf Hitler. *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
– The
United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...
ratifies the
North Atlantic Treaty The North Atlantic Treaty, also referred to as the Washington Treaty, is the treaty that forms the legal basis of, and is implemented by, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 194 ...
. * 1952 – The 7.3 Kern County earthquake strikes
Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and Cultural area, cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. It includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the second most po ...
with a maximum
Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. It measures the eff ...
of XI (''Extreme''), killing 12 and injuring hundreds. *
1954 Events January * January 1 – The Soviet Union ceases to demand war reparations from West Germany. * January 3 – The Italian broadcaster RAI officially begins transmitting. * January 7 – Georgetown-IBM experiment: The fir ...
First Indochina War The First Indochina War (generally known as the Indochina War in France, and as the Anti-French Resistance War in Vietnam) began in French Indochina from 19 December 1946 to 20 July 1954 between France and Việt Minh (Democratic Republic of Vi ...
: The Geneva Conference partitions
Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...
into
North Vietnam North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
and
South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
. *
1959 Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...
– , the first
nuclear-powered Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced b ...
cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for
Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, ...
's "
Atoms for Peace "Atoms for Peace" was the title of a speech delivered by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the UN General Assembly in New York City on December 8, 1953. The United States then launched an "Atoms for Peace" program that supplied equipment ...
" initiative. * 1959 – Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first
African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...
to play for the
Boston Red Sox The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. Founded in as one of the American League's eight ...
, the last team to integrate. He came in as a
pinch runner In baseball, a pinch runner is a player substituted for the specific purpose of replacing another player on base. The pinch runner may be faster or otherwise more skilled at base-running than the player for whom the pinch runner has been sub ...
for
Vic Wertz Victor Woodrow Wertz (February 9, 1925 – July 7, 1983) was an American professional baseball first baseman and outfielder. He had a 17-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career from 1947 to 1963. He played for the Detroit Tigers, St. Louis Brown ...
and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the
Chicago White Sox The Chicago White Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago. The White Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. The team is owned by Jerry Reinsdorf, and p ...
. *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
Sirimavo Bandaranaike Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike ( si, සිරිමා රත්වත්තේ ඩයස් බණ්ඩාරනායක; ta, சிறிமா ரத்வத்தே டயஸ் பண்டாரநாயக்கே; 17 April 191 ...
is elected Prime Minister of
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
, becoming the world's first female head of government *
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...
Mercury program Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. An early highlight of the Space Race, its goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Un ...
:
Mercury-Redstone 4 Mercury-Redstone 4 was the second United States human spaceflight, on July 21, 1961. The suborbital Project Mercury flight was launched with a Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, MRLV-8. The spacecraft, Mercury capsule #11, was nicknamed the ''Lib ...
Mission:
Gus Grissom Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (April 3, 1926 – January 27, 1967) was an American engineer, pilot in the United States Air Force, and member of the Mercury Seven selected by National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) as Project Mercur ...
piloting''
Liberty Bell 7 Mercury-Redstone 4 was the second United States human spaceflight, on July 21, 1961. The suborbital Project Mercury flight was launched with a Mercury-Redstone Launch Vehicle, MRLV-8. The spacecraft, Mercury capsule #11, was nicknamed the ''Lib ...
'' becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission). * 1961 – Alaska Airlines Flight 779 crashes near
Shemya Air Force Base Eareckson Air Station , formerly Shemya Air Force Base, is a United States Air Force military airport located on the island of Shemya, in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands. The airport was closed as an active Air Force Station on 1 July 1994. Howev ...
in
Shemya Shemya or Simiya ( ale, Samiyax̂) is a small island in the Semichi Islands group of the Near Islands chain in the Aleutian Islands archipelago southwest of Alaska, at . It has a land area of , and is about southwest of Anchorage, Alaska. It is ...
,
Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S., ...
killing six. *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
A series of racial riots break out in Singapore. In the next six weeks, 23 die with 454 others injured. * 1969Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut
Neil Armstrong Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) was an American astronaut and aeronautical engineer who became the first person to walk on the Moon in 1969. He was also a naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor. ...
becomes the first person to walk on the Moon, followed 19 minutes later by Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...
– After 11 years of construction, the
Aswan High Dam The Aswan Dam, or more specifically since the 1960s, the Aswan High Dam, is one of the world's largest embankment dams, which was built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970. Its significance largely eclipsed the previous Aswan Lo ...
in
Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
is completed. *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
The Troubles The Troubles ( ga, Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "i ...
: Bloody Friday: The
Provisional IRA The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republicanism, Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, fa ...
detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130. *
1973 Events January * January 1 - The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 15 – Vietnam War: Citing progress in peace negotiations, U.S. ...
– In
Lillehammer, Norway Lillehammer () is a municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Gudbrandsdal. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Lillehammer. Some of the more notable villages in the municip ...
,
Mossad Mossad ( , ), ; ar, الموساد, al-Mōsād, ; , short for ( he, המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, links=no), meaning 'Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations'. is the national intelligence agency ...
agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972
Munich Olympics Massacre The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian militant organization Black September, who infiltrated the Olympic Village, killed two member ...
. *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...
Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the
Republic of Ireland Ireland ( ga, Éire ), also known as the Republic of Ireland (), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, on the eastern side of the island. A ...
, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
Jay Silverheels Jay Silverheels (born Harold Jay Smith; May 26, 1912 – March 5, 1980) was an Indigenous Canadian actor and athlete. He was well known for his role as Tonto, the Native American companion of the Lone Ranger in the American Western television ...
, a
Mohawk Mohawk may refer to: Related to Native Americans *Mohawk people, an indigenous people of North America (Canada and New York) *Mohawk language, the language spoken by the Mohawk people *Mohawk hairstyle, from a hairstyle once thought to have been t ...
actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the
Hollywood Walk of Fame The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a historic landmark which consists of more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, Californ ...
. *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to Internet protocol suite, TCP/IP is officially completed (this is consid ...
– The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at
Vostok Station Vostok Station (russian: :ru:Восток (антарктическая станция), ста́нция Восто́к, translit=stántsiya Vostók, , meaning "Station East") is a Russian Research stations in Antarctica, research station in ...
, Antarctica at . *
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat '' Min Ping Yu No. 5540'' for repatriation to
Fujian Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its capi ...
, causing 25 people to die from suffocation. *
1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is O. J. Simpson murder case, acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the 1994, year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The ...
Third Taiwan Strait Crisis The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1995–1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis or the 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was the effect of a series of missile tests conducted by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the waters surrounding Taiwan ...
: The
People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the principal military force of the People's Republic of China and the armed wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The PLA consists of five service branches: the Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, ...
begins firing missiles into the waters north of
Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
. *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...
– At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in
Akashi, Hyōgo 260px, Akashi City Hall 260px, Akashi fromAkashi Castle is a city in southern Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 304,274 in 135,323 households and a population density of 6,200 people per km². The total area ...
, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect. *
2005 File:2005 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico; the Funeral of Pope John Paul II is held in Vatican City; "Me at the zoo", the first video ever to be uploaded to YouTube; Eris was discovered in ...
– Four attempted bomb attacks by Islamist extremists disrupt part of
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
's public transport system. *
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
Ram Baran Yadav Ram Baran Yadav ( mai, डा. राम वरण यादव) is a Nepali politician and physician who served as the first president of Nepal from 23 July 2008 to 29 October 2015, following the declaration of a republic in 2008. Previously h ...
is declared the first
President of Nepal The president of Nepal ( ne, नेपालको राष्ट्रपति, translit=Nēpālakō Rāṣṭrapati) is the head of state of Nepal and the commander-in-chief of the Nepalese Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected ...
. *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– President
Barack Obama Barack Hussein Obama II ( ; born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, Obama was the first African-American president of the U ...
signs the
Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act The Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, commonly referred to as Dodd–Frank, is a United States federal law that was enacted on July 21, 2010. The law overhauled financial regulation in the aftermath of the Great Recessi ...
. *
2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...
's
Space Shuttle program The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its ...
ends with the landing of Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'' on mission
STS-135 STS-135 ( ISS assembly flight ULF7) was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter ''Atlantis'' and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 la ...
at
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeeding t ...
's
Kennedy Space Center The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968 ...
. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
Erden Eruç Erden Eruç (; born 14 July 1961) is a Turkish-American adventurer who became the first person in history to complete an entirely solo and entirely human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth on 21 July 2012 in Bodega Bay, California, United St ...
completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world. *
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
Yuen Long attack or "721 incident" in Hong Kong. Triad members indiscriminately beat civilians returning from
protests A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of coopera ...
while police failed to take action.


Births


Pre-1600

*
541 __NOTOC__ Year 541 (Roman numerals, DXLI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Anicius Faustus Albinus Basilius, Basilius without colleague (or, less ...
Emperor Wen of Sui The Emperor Wen of Sui (; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (), alias Narayana () deriving from Buddhist terms, was the founder and the first emperor of the Chinese Sui dynasty. The ''Book of ...
, emperor of the
Sui Dynasty The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and layi ...
(d. 604) * 1030
Kyansittha Kyansittha ( my, ကျန်စစ်သား, ; also spelt as Kyanzittha or Hti-Hlaing Shin; 1030 – 1112/13) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1084 to 1112/13, and is considered one of the greatest Burmese monarchs. He cont ...
, King of Burma (d. 1112) * 1414
Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV ( it, Sisto IV: 21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 to his death in August 1484. His accomplishments as pope include ...
(d. 1484) *
1462 Year 1462 ( MCDLXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * March 27 – Ivan III of Russia becomes the ruler of Russia, following the death ...
Queen Jeonghyeon Queen Jeonghyeon (정현왕후 윤씨) (21 July 1462 – 13 September 1530), of the Papyeong Yun clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the wife and third queen consort of Yi Hyeol, King Seongjong and the mother of Yi Yeok, King Jungjong. She w ...
, Korean royal consort (d. 1530) * 1476
Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara Alfonso d'Este (21 July 1476 – 31 October 1534) was Duke of Ferrara during the time of the War of the League of Cambrai. Biography He was the son of Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara and Eleanor of Naples and became duke on Ercole's death in ...
(d. 1534) * 1476 –
Anna Sforza Anna Maria Sforza (21 July 1476 – 30 November 1497) was Hereditary Princess of Ferrara as the first wife of Alfonso I d'Este, future Duke of Ferrara. She was the second legitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, and his secon ...
, Italian noble (d. 1497) *
1535 __NOTOC__ Year 1535 ( MDXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 18 – Lima, Peru, is founded by Francisco Pizarro, as '' Ciudad de l ...
García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete García Hurtado de Mendoza y Manrique, 5th Marquis of Cañete (July 21, 1535 – May 19, 1609) was a Spanish Governor of Chile, and later Viceroy of Peru (from January 8, 1590 to July 24, 1596). He is often known simply as "Marquis of Cañete". Be ...
, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1609)


1601–1900

* 1616Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1676) * 1620
Jean Picard Jean Picard (21 July 1620 – 12 July 1682) was a French astronomer and priest born in La Flèche, where he studied at the Jesuit Collège Royal Henry-Le-Grand. He is principally notable for his accurate measure of the size of the Earth, base ...
, French astronomer (d. 1682) *
1648 1648 has been suggested as possibly the last year in which the overall human population declined, coming towards the end of a broader period of global instability which included the collapse of the Ming dynasty and the Thirty Years' War, t ...
John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee John Graham, 7th of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee (21 July 1648 – 27 July 1689) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman, a Tory and an Episcopalian. He was responsible for policing southwest Scotland during and after the religious unrest and r ...
, Scottish general (d. 1689) *
1654 Events January–March * January 6– In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in what is now the state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11– In the Battle of Río Bueno in sout ...
Pedro Calungsod Pedro Calungsod ( es, Pedro Calúñgsod or archaically ; mid-1650s – April 2, 1672), also known as Peter Calungsod and Pedro Calonsor, was a Catholic Filipino-Visayan migrant, sacristan and missionary catechist who, along with the Spanish J ...
, Filipino catechist and sacristan; later canonized (d. 1672) *
1664 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral exactly once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+50(L)+10(X)+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1664). Events January–March * January 5 – In the Battle of Surat in India, the Maratha leader, Chhat ...
Matthew Prior Matthew Prior (21 July 1664 – 18 September 1721) was an English poet and diplomat. He is also known as a contributor to '' The Examiner''. Early life Prior was probably born in Middlesex. He was the son of a Nonconformist joiner at Wimborne ...
, English poet and diplomat,
British Ambassador to France The British Ambassador to France is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in France, and is the head of Britain's diplomatic mission in Paris. The official title is ''His Majesty's Ambassador to France''. Traditionally, the ...
(d. 1721) * 1693
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne and 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne, (21 July 169317 November 1768) was a British Whig statesman who served as the 4th and 6th Prime Minister of Great Britain, his official life extende ...
, English politician,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern pr ...
(d. 1768) * 1710
Paul Möhring Paul Heinrich Gerhard Möhring (also Paul Mohr; 21 July 1710 in Jever – 28 October 1792) was a German physician, botanist and zoologist. He studied medicine in Danzig and Wittenberg, and following graduation (1733), he settled as a general pr ...
, German physician, botanist, and zoologist (d. 1792) * 1783
Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon (21 July 1783 – 21 August 1853) was a French general during the Napoleonic Wars. He chose to go into exile on Saint Helena with the ex-Emperor after Napoleon's second abdication. Early life and career Montho ...
, French general (d. 1853) * 1808
Simion Bărnuțiu Simion Bărnuțiu (; 21 July 1808 – 28 May 1864) was a Transylvanian, later Romanian historian, academic, philosopher, jurist, and liberal politician. A leader of the 1848 revolutionary movement of Transylvanian Romanians, he represented its ...
, Romanian historian, academic, and politician (d. 1864) *
1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Janua ...
Henri Victor Regnault Henri Victor Regnault (21 July 1810 – 19 January 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his careful measurements of the thermal properties of gases. He was an early thermodynamicist and was mentor to William Thomson in ...
, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878) *
1811 Events January–March * January 8 – An unsuccessful slave revolt is led by Charles Deslondes, in St. Charles and St. James Parishes, Louisiana. * January 17 – Mexican War of Independence – Battle of Calderón Brid ...
Robert Mackenzie, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd
Premier of Queensland The premier of Queensland is the head of government in the Australian state of Queensland. By convention the premier is the leader of the party with a parliamentary majority in the unicameral Legislative Assembly of Queensland. The premier is ap ...
(d. 1873) *
1816 This year was known as the ''Year Without a Summer'', because of low temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly the result of the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in Indonesia in 1815, causing severe global cooling, catastrophic in s ...
Paul Reuter Paul Julius Reuter (born Israel Beer Josaphat; 21 July 1816 – 25 February 1899), later ennobled as Freiherr von Reuter (Baron von Reuter), was a German-born British entrepreneur who was a pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting.Reuters Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters Corporation. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency was estab ...
(d. 1899) * 1858 – Maria Christina of Austria (d. 1929) * 1858 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (d. 1925) * 1858 – Alfred Henry O'Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (d. 1941) *1863 – C. Aubrey Smith, English-American cricketer and actor (d. 1948) *1866 – Carlos Schwabe, Swiss Symbolist painter and printmaker (d. 1926) *1870 – Emil Orlík, Czech painter, etcher, and lithographer (d. 1932) *1875 – Charles Gondouin, French rugby player and tug of war competitor (d. 1947) *1880 – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak astronomer, general, and politician (d. 1919) *1882 – David Burliuk, Ukrainian author and illustrator (d. 1967) *1885 – Jacques Feyder, Belgian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1948) *1891 – Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (d. 1969) *1893 – Hans Fallada, German author (d. 1947) *1896 – Sophie Bledsoe Aberle, Native American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist (d. 1996) *1898 – Sara Carter, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979) *1899 – Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932) * 1899 – Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961) *1900 – Isadora Bennett, American theatre manager and modern dance publicity agent (d. 1980)


1901–present

*1903 – Russell Lee (photographer), Russell Lee, American photographer and journalist (d. 1986) * 1903 – Roy Neuberger, American businessman and financier, co-founded Neuberger Berman (d. 2010) *1908 – Jug McSpaden, American golfer and architect (d. 1996) *1911 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and theorist (d. 1980) * 1911 – Umashankar Joshi, Indian author, poet, and scholar (d. 1988) *1914 – Aleksander Kreek, Estonian shot putter and discus thrower (d. 1977) *1917 – Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2005) *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 2005) * 1920 – Isaac Stern, Russian-American violinist and conductor (d. 2001) * 1920 – Jean Daniel, Algerian-French-Jewish journalist and author (d. 2020) *1921 – James Cooke Brown, American sociologist and author (d. 2000) * 1921 – John Horsley (actor), John Horsley, English actor (d. 2014) * 1921 – Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa, Zulu sangoma (d. 2020) *1922 – Kay Starr, American singer (d. 2016) * 1922 – Mollie Sugden, English actress (d. 2009) *1923 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate * 1923 – Queenie Watts, English actress and singer (d. 1980) * 1924 – Don Knotts, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2006) *
1925 Events January * January 1 ** The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria. * January 3 – Benito Mussolini makes a pivotal speech in the Italia ...
– Johnny Peirson, Canadian hockey player (d. 2021) *1926 – Paul Burke (actor), Paul Burke, American actor (d. 2009) * 1926 – Norman Jewison, Canadian actor, director, and producer * 1926 – Rahimuddin Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 7th Governor of Balochistan (d. 2022) * 1926 – Bill Pertwee, English actor (d. 2013) * 1926 – Karel Reisz, Czech-English director and producer (d. 2002) *1928 – Sky Low Low, Canadian wrestler (d. 1998) *1929 – Bob Orton, American wrestler (d. 2006) *1930 – Anand Bakshi, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 2002) * 1930 – Helen Merrill, American singer *1931 – Sonny Clark, American pianist and composer (d. 1963) * 1931 – Plas Johnson, American saxophonist * 1931 – Leon Schidlowsky, Chilean-Israeli painter and composer *1932 – Kaye Stevens, American singer and actress (d. 2011) *1933 – John Gardner (American writer), John Gardner, American novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1982) *1934 – Chandu Borde, Indian cricketer and manager * 1934 – Jonathan Miller, English actor, director, and author (d. 2019) *1935 – Norbert Blüm, German businessman and politician (d. 2020) * 1935 – Moe Drabowsky, Polish-American baseball player and coach (d. 2006) *1937 – Eduard Streltsov, Soviet footballer (d. 1990) *1938 – Les Aspin, American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1995) * 1938 – Anton Kuerti, Austrian-Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor * 1938 – Janet Reno, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General (d. 2016) *1939 – Jamey Aebersold, American saxophonist and educator * 1939 – Kim Fowley, American singer-songwriter, producer, and manager (d. 2015) * 1939 – John Negroponte, English-American diplomat, 23rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations *1942 – Mallikarjun Kharge, Indian politician, 98th President of the Indian National Congress *1943 – Fritz Glatz, Austrian race car driver (d. 2002) * 1943 – Edward Herrmann, American actor (d. 2014) * 1943 – Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016) * 1943 – Bob Shrum, Robert Shrum, American author and political advisor *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
– John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Ghana (d. 2012) * 1944 – Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian author and academic (d. 2017) * 1944 – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (d. 2002) *1945 – Wendy Cope, English poet, critic, and educator * 1945 – Geoff Dymock, Australian cricketer * 1945 – Barry Richards, South African cricketer *1946 – Ken Starr, American lawyer and judge, 39th Solicitor General of the United States * 1946 – Timothy Harris (writer), Timothy Harris, American author, screenwriter and producer *1947 – Chetan Chauhan, Indian cricketer and politician (d. 2020) *1948 – Art Hindle, Canadian actor and director * 1948 – Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam), English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1948 – Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist *
1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...
– Christina Hart, American playwright and actress * 1949 – Hirini Melbourne, New Zealand singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2003) *1950 – Ubaldo Fillol, Argentinian footballer and coach * 1950 – Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer, English politician, Minister of State for Transport *1951 – Richard Gozney, English politician and diplomat, 30th Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, 139th Governor of Bermuda * 1951 – Robin Williams, American actor and comedian (d. 2014) * 1952 – John Barrasso, American physician and politician * 1952 – Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Malaysian economist *1953 – Eric Bazilian, American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer * 1953 – Jeff Fatt, Australian keyboard player and actor * 1953 – Bernie Fraser (rugby union), Bernie Fraser, New Zealand rugby player * 1953 – Brian Talbot, English footballer and manager *1955 – Howie Epstein, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 2003) * 1955 – Dannel Malloy, American lawyer and politician, 88th Governor of Connecticut * 1955 – Taco (musician), Taco, Indonesian-b. Dutch singer and entertainer * 1955 – Béla Tarr, Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter *1956 – Michael Connelly, American author *1957 – Stefan Löfven, Swedish trade union leader and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Sweden * 1957 – Jon Lovitz, American comedian, actor, and producer *1958 – Dave Henderson, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015) *
1959 Events January * January 1 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 - Lunar probe Luna 1 was the first man-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reached the vicinity of E ...
– Gene Miles, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster * 1959 – Reha Muhtar, Turkish journalist * 1959 – Paul Vautin, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
– Amar Singh Chamkila, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 1988) * 1960 – Veselin Matić, Serbian basketball player and coach * 1960 – Fritz Walter (footballer, b. 1960), Fritz Walter, German footballer *
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...
– Morris Iemma, Australian politician, 40th Premier of New South Wales * 1961 – Jim Martin (musician), Jim Martin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1962 – Victor Adebowale, Baron Adebowale, English businessman *1963 – Kevin Poole, English footballer and manager * 1963 – Giant Silva, Brazilian basketball player, mixed martial artist, and wrestler *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
– Steve Collins, Irish boxer and actor * 1964 – Ross Kemp, English actor and producer * 1964 – Jens Weißflog, German ski jumper and journalist *1965 – Guðni Bergsson, Icelandic footballer and lawyer * 1965 – Mike Bordick, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster *1966 – Arija Bareikis, American actress * 1966 – Sarah Waters, Welsh author *1968 – Brandi Chastain, American soccer player and sportscaster * 1968 – Aditya Srivastava, Indian actor * 1968 – Lyle Odelein, Canadian ice hockey player * 1969 – Godfrey (comedian), Godfrey, American comedian and actor * 1969 – Klaus Graf (racing driver), Klaus Graf, German race car driver * 1969 – Emerson Hart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1969 – Isabell Werth, German equestrian *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...
– Michael Fitzpatrick (musician), Michael Fitzpatrick, American singer-songwriter *1971 – Emmanuel Bangué, French long jumper * 1971 – Charlotte Gainsbourg, English-French actress and singer * 1971 – Nitzan Shirazi, Israeli footballer and manager (d. 2014) *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Korey Cooper, American singer and guitarist * 1972 – Catherine Ndereba, Kenyan marathon runner *1974 – Geoff Jenkins, American baseball player and coach * 1974 – René Reinumägi, Estonian actor, director, and screenwriter *1975 – Christopher Barzak, American author and educator *1975 – David Dastmalchian, American actor * 1975 – Cara Dillon, Irish singer-songwriter * 1975 – Ravindra Pushpakumara, Sri Lankan cricketer * 1975 – Mike Sellers, American football player *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...
– Jaime Murray, English actress *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– Paul Casey, English golfer *1978 – Justin Bartha, American actor * 1978 – Anderson da Silva Gibin, Brazilian footballer * 1978 – Josh Hartnett, American actor * 1978 – Julian Huppert, English academic and politician * 1978 – Damian Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer * 1978 – Gary Teale, Scottish footballer *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– David Carr (American football), David Carr, American football player * 1979 – Tamika Catchings, American basketball player * 1979 – Luis Ernesto Michel, Mexican footballer * 1979 – Andriy Voronin, Ukrainian footballer *1980 – Justin Griffith, American football player * 1980 – Sandra Laoura, French skier * 1980 – CC Sabathia, American baseball player * 1980 – Yvonne Sampson, Australian journalist and sportscaster *1981 – Paloma Faith, English singer-songwriter and actress * 1981 – Anabelle Langlois, Canadian figure skater * 1981 – Joaquín (footballer, b. 1981), Joaquín, Spanish footballer * 1981 – Romeo Santos, American singer-songwriter * 1981 – Stefan Schumacher, German cyclist *1982 – Jason Cram, Australian swimmer * 1982 – Mao Kobayashi (actress), Mao Kobayashi, Japanese newscaster and actress (d. 2017) *1984 – Jurrick Juliana, Dutch footballer * 1984 – Liam Ridgewell, English footballer * 1985 – Mati Lember, Estonian footballer * 1985 – Von Wafer, American basketball player *1986 – Anthony Annan, Ghanaian footballer * 1986 – Rebecca Ferguson (singer), Rebecca Ferguson, American-English singer-songwriter * 1986 – Jason Thompson (basketball), Jason Thompson, American basketball player *1987 – Bilel Mohsni, French footballer * 1987 – Jesús Zavala (footballer), Jesús Zavala, Mexican footballer *1988 – KB (rapper), KB, American rapper * 1988 – DeAndre Jordan, American basketball player * 1988 – Chris Mitchell (Scottish footballer), Chris Mitchell, Scottish footballer (d. 2016) *1989 – Marco Fabián, Mexican footballer * 1989 – Juno Temple, English actress *
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
– Chris Martin (footballer, b. 1990), Chris Martin, English footballer * 1990 – Jason Roy, English cricketer * 1990 – Erislandy Savón, Cuban amateur heavyweight boxer * 1990 – Franck Elemba, Congolese athlete *1991 – Sara Sampaio, Portuguese model *1992 – Rachael Flatt, American figure skater *1996 – Mikael Ingebrigtsen, Norwegian footballer *1998 – Marie Bouzkova, Czech tennis player *2000 – Erling Haaland, Norwegian footballer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 658 – K'an II, Mayan ruler (b. 588) * 710 – Princess Anle, Li Guo'er, princess of the Tang dynasty * 710 – Empress Wei (Tang Dynasty), Wei, empress of the Tang Dynasty * 710 – Shangguan Wan'er, Chinese poet (b. 664) * 987 – Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou *1259 – Gojong of Goryeo * 1403 – Henry Percy (Hotspur), Henry Percy, English soldier (b. 1364) * 1403 – Walter Blount (soldier), Sir Walter Blount, English soldier, standard-bearer of Henry IV * 1403 – Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, English soldier *1425 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1350) *1552 – Antonio de Mendoza, Spanish politician, 1st Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1495)


1601–1900

*1688 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1610) *1793 – Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux, French admiral, explorer, and politician (b. 1739) *1796 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet and songwriter (b. 1759) *
1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of Wa ...
– François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (b. 1733) *
1798 Events January–June * January – Eli Whitney contracts with the U.S. federal government for 10,000 muskets, which he produces with interchangeable parts. * January 4 – Constantine Hangerli enters Bucharest, as Prince of Wa ...
– Anthony Perry, Irish rebel leader (b. ca. 1760) *1868 – William Bland, Australian surgeon and politician (b. 1789) *1878 – Sam Bass (outlaw), Sam Bass, American outlaw (b. 1851) *1880 – Hiram Walden, American general and politician (b. 1800) *1889 – Nelson Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1813) *1899 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1833)


1901–present

*
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own ma ...
– Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer and educator (b. 1864) *1928 – Ellen Terry, English actress (b. 1847) *1932 – Bill Gleason, American baseball player (b. 1858) *1938 – Owen Wister, American lawyer and author (b. 1860) *1941 – Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian poet and scholar (b. 1872) *1943 – Charley Paddock, American runner and actor (b. 1900) * 1943 – Louis Vauxcelles, French Jewish art critic (b. 1870) *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
Claus von Stauffenberg Colonel Claus Philipp Maria Justinian Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg (; 15 November 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German army officer best known for his failed attempt on 20 July 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolf's Lair. Despite ...
, German soldier (b. 1907) *1946 – Gualberto Villarroel, Bolivian soldier and politician, 45th President of Bolivia (b. 1908) *1948 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1904) * 1952 – Pedro Lascuráin, Mexican politician, president for 45 minutes on February 13, 1913. (b. 1856) *1966 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Vienna Circle member (b. 1884) *1967 – Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1907) * 1967 – Albert Lutuli, South African academic and politician, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898) * 1967 – Basil Rathbone, South African-American actor and singer (b. 1892) *1968 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1878) *
1970 Events January * January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC. * January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity scale, Mercalli intensity of X (''Extrem ...
– Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov, Russian anthropologist and sculptor (b. 1907) * 1970 – Bob Kalsu, American football player and lieutenant (b. 1945) *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (b. 1889) * 1972 – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Bhutanese king (b. 1928) *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– Lee Miller, American model and photographer (b. 1907) *1982 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and actor (b. 1913) *1991 – Paul Warwick (racing driver), Paul Warwick, English race car driver (b. 1969) *1994 – Marijac, French author and illustrator (b. 1908) *1997 – Olaf Kopvillem, Estonian-Canadian conductor and composer (b. 1926) *1998 – Alan Shepard, American admiral, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1923) * 1998 – Robert Young (actor), Robert Young, American actor and singer (b. 1907) *2000 – Marc Reisner, American environmentalist and author (b. 1948) *2002 – Esphyr Slobodkina, Russian-American author and illustrator (b. 1908) *2003 – John Davies (middle-distance runner), John Davies, English-New Zealand runner and coach (b. 1938) *2004 – Jerry Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1929) * 2004 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918) *
2005 File:2005 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico; the Funeral of Pope John Paul II is held in Vatican City; "Me at the zoo", the first video ever to be uploaded to YouTube; Eris was discovered in ...
– Long John Baldry, English-Canadian singer and actor (b. 1941) * 2005 – Lord Alfred Hayes, English-American wrestler and manager (b. 1928) *2006 – Mako Iwamatsu, Japanese-American actor and singer (b. 1933) * 2006 – Ta Mok, Cambodian soldier and monk (b. 1926) *2007 – Dubravko Škiljan, Croatian linguist and academic (b. 1949) *
2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...
– Donald Stokes, Baron Stokes, Donald Stokes, English businessman (b. 1914) *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– Luis Corvalán, Chilean educator and politician (b. 1916) * 2010 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1919) * 2010 – John E. Irving, Canadian businessman (b. 1932) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-American journalist and author (b. 1941) * 2012 – Marie Kruckel, American baseball player (b. 1924) * 2012 – Ali Podrimja, Albanian poet and author (b. 1942) * 2012 – James D. Ramage, American admiral and pilot (b. 1916) * 2012 – Angharad Rees, English-b. Welsh actress (b. 1944) * 2012 – Don Wilson (cricketer), Don Wilson, English cricketer and coach (b. 1937) *2013 – Andrea Antonelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1988) * 2013 – Lourembam Brojeshori Devi, Indian martial artist (b. 1981) * 2013 – Det de Beus, Dutch field hockey player (b. 1958) * 2013 – Luis Fernando Rizo-Salom, Colombian-French composer and educator (b. 1971) * 2013 – Fred Taylor (American football coach), Fred Taylor, American football player and coach (b. 1920) *2014 – Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo (Native American) writer, poet, and educator (b. 1926) * 2014 – Dan Borislow, American businessman, invented the magicJack (b. 1961) * 2014 – Lettice Curtis, English engineer and pilot (b. 1915) * 2014 – Hans-Peter Kaul, German lawyer and judge (b. 1943) * 2014 – Rilwanu Lukman, Nigerian engineer and politician (b. 1938) * 2014 – Kevin Skinner (rugby union), Kevin Skinner, New Zealand rugby player and boxer (b. 1927) *2015 – Robert Broberg, Swedish singer-songwriter (b. 1940) * 2015 – E. L. Doctorow, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1931) * 2015 – Nicholas Gonzalez (physician), Nicholas Gonzalez, American physician (b. 1947) * 2015 – Czesław Marchaj, Polish-English sailor and academic (b. 1918) * 2015 – Dick Nanninga, Dutch footballer (b. 1949) *2016 – Dennis Green, American football player and coach (b. 1949) *2017 – John Heard (actor), John Heard, American film and television actor (b. 1946) *2018 – Alene Duerk, U.S. Navy first female admiral (b. 1920) *2020 – Annie Ross, Scottish-American singer and actress (b. 1930) * 2020 – Andrew Mlangeni, South African political activist (b. 1925)


Holidays and observances

* Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: ** Albert John Luthuli (Episcopal Church (USA), Episcopal Church) ** Saint Arbogast, Arbogast ** Barhadbesciabas ** Carlos Duarte Costa, Carlos of Brazil (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church) ** Daniel (biblical figure), Daniel (Catholic Church) ** Lawrence of Brindisi ** Praxedes ** Victor of Marseilles ** July 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Liberation Day in 1944 (
Guam Guam (; ch, Guåhan ) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean. It is the westernmost point and territory of the United States (reckoned from the geographic cent ...
) * Belgian National Day (Belgium) * Racial Harmony Day (Singapore) * Summer Our Lady of Kazan, Kazanskaya (Russia)


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:July 21 Days of the year July