Juan Bautista Justo (June 28, 1865, in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

– January 8, 1928, in Buenos Aires) was an

Argentine Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, ...

physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...

, journalist, politician, and writer. After finishing medical school he joined the

Civic Union of the Youth The Civic Union of the Youth (in Spanish, ''Unión Cívica de la Juventud'') was a youth-oriented Argentine political party founded on September 1, 1889 and dissolved on April 13, 1890 with the establishment of the Civic Union. Soon afterward its ...

, later participating in the foundation of the

Socialist Party Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of ...

in 1896, of which he was chief director until his death. He married Alicia Moreau de Justo, with whom he had three children.

The physician

Justo studied medicine at the

Universidad de Buenos Aires The University of Buenos Aires ( es, Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Established in 1821, it is the premier institution of higher learning in the country and one of the most prestigi ...

while working as a journalist to earn a living. He graduated with honors in 1888, after which he travelled to

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

where he learned about socialist ideas. Back in Argentina, he worked as a surgeon at the ''Hospital de Crónicos''.

The journalist

Justo wrote his first pieces at the '' La Prensa'' newspaper as a parliamentary journalist. At the beginning of 1890 he started writing for the socialist newspaper ''El Obrero''. In 1894, together with Augusto Kühn and Esteban Jiménez he founded the ''

La Vanguardia ' (; , Spanish for "The Vanguard") is a Spanish daily newspaper, founded in 1881. It is printed in Spanish and, since 3 May 2011, also in Catalan (Spanish copy is automatically translated into Catalan). It has its headquarters in Barcelona and i ...

'' publication that became two years later, with the creation of the

, the official organ of the party. In 1905 ''La Vanguardia'' became a daily newspaper, in an important cultural extension that exceeded its original purpose of political diffusion. Justo directed the newspaper until his death.

The politician

Juan B. Justo participated in the UCR from its beginnings as ''Unión Cívica'' in 1889. During the Park Revolution of 1890 he took care of the revolutionary wounded. Shortly after, Justo deepened its participation in workers' circles and socialist currents, to finally found the

in 1896 with Estéban Jiménez, Augusto Kühn and Isidoro Salomó. He directed the party from its creation to his death in 1928. In 1912 Justo was elected a national deputy, seat that he kept until 1924 when he was elected senator, in both cases representing the city of

. As a deputy he was chief of the commission that investigated the

trusts A trust is a legal relationship in which the holder of a right gives it to another person or entity who must keep and use it solely for another's benefit. In the Anglo-American common law, the party who entrusts the right is known as the "sett ...

conflict, and participated of the deliberations that led to the

University Reform University reform is a type of education reform applied to higher education. Examples include: *Argentine university reform of 1918 *Chilean university reform *Reform of French universities ** Law on Higher Education and Research (2007) **Liberties ...

of 1918. Justo also proposed several projects of law for the social welfare, and against

gambling Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of value ("the stakes") on a random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy are discounted. Gambling thus requires three ele ...

alcoholism Alcoholism is, broadly, any drinking of alcohol that results in significant mental or physical health problems. Because there is disagreement on the definition of the word ''alcoholism'', it is not a recognized diagnostic entity. Predomi ...

and

illiteracy Literacy in its broadest sense describes "particular ways of thinking about and doing reading and writing" with the purpose of understanding or expressing thoughts or ideas in Writing, written form in some specific context of use. In other wo ...

. Justo also participated of the creation of cooperative El Hogar Obrero, the Biblioteca Obrera and the Sociedad Luz of culture and promotion of socialism. As president of the Argentine Socialist Party, he assisted to the socialist congresses held in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan a ...

and

Bern german: Berner(in)french: Bernois(e) it, bernese , neighboring_municipalities = Bremgarten bei Bern, Frauenkappelen, Ittigen, Kirchlindach, Köniz, Mühleberg, Muri bei Bern, Neuenegg, Ostermundigen, Wohlen bei Bern, Zollikofen , website ...

The writer

Justo focused on political and social essays. His most important work is considered ''Theory and Practice of History'' (''Teoría y práctica de la historia'') of 1909. He also wrote ''Scientific Theory of History'' (''Teoría científica de la historia'') in 1898, ''Argentine Socialism'' (''El socialismo argentino'') in 1910, ''Socialism and Imperialism'' (''Socialismo e imperialismo''), ''The Socialist International'' (''La internacional socialista''), ''The Socialist Program for Agriculture'' (''El programa socialista en el campo''), and the posthumously published ''The Currency'' (''La moneda'') of 1937 and ''The Free Cooperation'' (''La cooperación libre'') of 1938. Justo also made the first Spanish translation from

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...

's ''

Das Kapital ''Das Kapital'', also known as ''Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'' or sometimes simply ''Capital'' (german: Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie, link=no, ; 1867–1883), is a foundational theoretical text in materialist phi ...

''.

External links

Biography
at El Historiador {{DEFAULTSORT:Justo, Juan Bautista 1865 births 1928 deaths People from Buenos Aires Civic Union (Argentina) politicians Radical Civic Union politicians Socialist Party (Argentina) politicians Liberal socialism Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires Members of the Argentine Senate for Buenos Aires Argentine surgeons Argentine essayists Male essayists Argentine male writers Argentine journalists Male journalists Argentine writers in German Argentine medical writers