Jorge Carrera Andrade was an

Ecuadorian Ecuadorians ( es, ecuatorianos) are people identified with the South American country of Ecuador. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Ecuadorians, several (or all) of these connections exist and are colle ...

poet, historian, author, and diplomat during the 20th century. He was born in

Quito, Ecuador Quito (; qu, Kitu), formally San Francisco de Quito, is the capital and largest city of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its urban area. It is also the capital of the province of Pichincha. Quito is located in a valley on ...

in 1902. He died in 1978. During his life and after his death he has been recognized with

Jorge Luis Borges Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (; ; 24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator, as well as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His best-known b ...

Vicente Huidobro Vicente García-Huidobro Fernández (; January 10, 1893 – January 2, 1948) was a Chilean poet born to an aristocratic family. He promoted the avant-garde literary movement in Chile and was the creator and greatest exponent of the literary m ...

Gabriela Mistral Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (; 7 April 1889 – 10 January 1957), known by her pseudonym Gabriela Mistral (), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator and humanist. In 1945 she became the first Latin American author to receive a Nobel Prize in Li ...

Pablo Neruda Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto (12 July 1904 – 23 September 1973), better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda (; ), was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Nerud ...

Octavio Paz Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet and diplomat. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1977 Jerusalem Prize, the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and ...

and

Cesar Vallejo Cesar, César or Cèsar may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''César'' (film), a 1936 film directed by Marcel Pagnol * ''César'' (play), a play by Marcel Pagnolt * César Award, a French film award Places * Cesar, Portugal * Ces ...

as one of the most important Latin American poets of the twentieth century.

Writing and diplomatic career

His writing was published in

Aurora Estrada y Ayala Aurora Estrada y Ayala (November 17, 1901 – March 12, 1967) was an Ecuadorian poet, columnist, narrator, educator, politician. Life Ayala was born in San Juan Parish in Pueblo Viejo, Ecuador, Pueblo Viejo in 1901. Her parents were Rodolfo Estrad ...

's literary magazine, "Proteo" which she started in 1922. Other contributors to the magazine included future Nobel Laureate

. From 1928 to 1933 Carrera first experienced traveling in

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

. He served as Ecuadorian Consul in

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the n ...

and the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country Continental United States, primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., ...

. Later he became

Ambassador An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or s ...

Venezuela Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...

, the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and ...

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the coun ...

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...

, and the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. He also served as Secretary of State of Ecuador. While living in the United States, Carrera developed many literary relationships with American writers, in particular Muna Lee whose critically acclaimed translation of his poetry, ''Secret Country'', was published in 1946. His work was praised and championed by

John Malcolm Brinnin John Malcolm Brinnin (September 13, 1916 – June 26, 1998) was a Canadian-born American poet and literary critic. Life and work Brinnin was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, to American parents John A. Brinnin and Frances Malcolm Brinnin ...

, H.R. Hays, Archibald MacLeish,

Carl Sandburg Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, biographer, journalist, and editor. He won three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. During his lifetime, Sandburg ...

William Jay Smith William Jay Smith (April 22, 1918 – August 18, 2015) was an American poet. He was appointed the nineteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1968 to 1970. Life William Jay Smith was born in Winnfield, Louis ...

and

William Carlos Williams William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963) was an American poet, writer, and physician closely associated with modernism and imagism. In addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both pedia ...

. Carrera Andrade's poetic work developed for half a century in a number of volumes published worldwide. In 1972 his '' Obra poetica completa'', which gathers the totality of his lyric work, appeared in Quito. Most of his poetry has been translated into French, English, Italian and German. He also published books of essays, history and an autobiography, ''El volcan y el colibri'' (''The Volcano and the Hummingbird'') (1970). After Carrera's diplomatic career ended in 1969, he was appointed distinguished visiting professor at

Stony Brook University Stony Brook University (SBU), officially the State University of New York at Stony Brook, is a public research university in Stony Brook, New York. Along with the University at Buffalo, it is one of the State University of New York system' ...

on Long Island, where he lectured for two academic years. He spent his last years in his native city of Quito, as director of the National Library of Ecuador. During his life and after his death he has been recognized with

and

as one of the most important Latin American poets of the twentieth century.

A celebrated poet

In 2002 the Republic of Ecuador celebrated the

century A century is a period of 100 years. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word ''century'' comes from the Latin ''centum'', meaning ''one hundred''. ''Century'' is sometimes abbreviated as c. A centennial or ...

of his birth. In the same year a group of Ecuadorian intellectuals gathered in

Cuenca, Ecuador Santa Ana de los Cuatro Ríos de Cuenca, commonly referred to as Cuenca ( Kichwa: ''Tumipampa'') is the capital and largest city of the Azuay Province of Ecuador. Cuenca is located in the highlands of Ecuador at about above sea level, with an ur ...

, to examine the life and work of Carrera Andrade.

Bibliography

Prose In English

* Carrera Andrade, Jorge, "The New American and His Point of View Toward Poetry," tr. H.R. Hays, Poetry (Chicago), LXII, 1943, P. 88–105 * H.R. Hays, "Jorge Carrera Andrade: Magician of Metaphors", ''Books Abroad'' (Norman, OK), XVII, No. 2, 1943, P. 101–105.

Books In English

* ''Micrograms'', tr. Alejandro de Acosta and Joshua Beckman, Seattle: Wave Books, 2011 (essay, poetry). * ''Microgramas'', tr. Steven Ford Brown and J. Enrique Ojeda, Quito: Orogenia Corporacion Cultural, 2007 (essay, poetry). * ''Century of The Death of The Rose: The Selected Poems of Jorge Carrera Andrade'', 1926–1976, tr. Steven Ford Brown, Louisville and Montgomery: NewSouth Books, 2002 (poetry). * ''Reflections on Latin American Literature'', tr. Don and Gabriela C. Bliss, Albany: SUNY Press, 1973 (essays). * ''The Selected Poems of Jorge Carrera Andrade'', tr. H.R. Hays, Albany: SUNY press, 1972 (poetry). * ''Secret Country'', tr. Muna Lee, New York: MacMillan, 1946 (poetry). * ''To The Oakland Bridge'', tr. Eleanor Turnbull, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1941 (poetry).

Books In Spanish

Autobiography * ''The Volcano and The Hummingbird'', Puebla, Mexico: Editorial Jose M. Caijica Jr., S.A., 1970. Essays * ''Interpretations of Hispano-America'', Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1967. * ''Latitudes'', Quito: Talleres Graficos Nacionales, 1934; Buenos Aires: Editor "Parseo",1940. * History (A three volume history of Ecuador) * ''The Kingdom of Quito or Street of The Sun'', Quito: Case de la Cultura Ecuatriana, 1963. * ''Gallery of Mystics and Insurgents'', Quito: Casa de la Ecuatoriana, 1959. * ''Earth Always Green'', Paris: Ediciones Internacionales, 1955. Memoir * ''Traveller Through Countries and Books'', Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. Poetry * ''Poesia ultima'', ed. with introduction, J. Enrique Qjeda, New York: Las Americas Publishing Co., 1968. * ''Planetary Man'', Quito: Editorial Elan, 1963. * ''Family of Night'', Paris: Libreria Espanola de Ediciones, 1953. * ''Place of Origin'', Caracas: Editions: Suma, 1944. * ''Secret Country'', Tokyo, Editions Aisa America, 1940. * ''Anthology of Pierre Reverdy'', Tokyo: Editions Asia America, 1939. * ''Biography for The Use Of Birds'', Paris: Cuadernos del Hombre Nuevo, 1937; French translation by Edmond Vandercammen, Brussels: Les Cahiers du Journal des Poetes, 1937. * ''Time Manual'', Madrid: Editions Literatura: PEN Coleccion, 1935; French translation by Adolphe de Falgairolle, Paris: Editions Rene Debresse, 1936. * ''Earth and Sea Bulletines'' (Foreword by Gabriela Mistral), Barcelona: Editorial Cervantes, 1930. * ''Indian Poems'', Quito: Editorial Elan, 1928. * ''Wreath of Silence'', Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1926.

References

External links

The Official Jorge Carrera Andrade Website

* ttp://jacketmagazine.com/12/andr-intro-brown.html "Jorge Carrera Andrade in America" (''Jacket'' magazine (Australia), July 2000)br>Steven Ford Brown, Twelve Poems by Jorge Carrera Andrade (''Jacket'' magazine (Australia), July 2000)Jorge Carrera Andrade Special Collection
Stony Brook University Libraries * J. Enrique Ojeda: Specialist on Jorge Carrera Andrade
Three Poems by Jorge Carrera Andrade (''The Cortland Review'', May 1999)
* ttp://jacketmagazine.com/12/andr-m-hays.html H.R. Hays, "Jorge Carrera Andrade: Magician of Metaphors" (''Jacket'' magazine (Australia), July 2000) {{DEFAULTSORT:Carrera Andrade, Jorge Ecuadorian male writers Ecuadorian poets Ecuadorian diplomats 1900s births 1978 deaths People from Quito Ambassadors of Ecuador to Venezuela Ambassadors of Ecuador to the United Kingdom Ambassadors of Ecuador to Nicaragua Ambassadors of Ecuador to France Ambassadors of Ecuador to Belgium Ambassadors of Ecuador to the Netherlands 20th-century poets 20th-century male writers