John Martyn (musician)

Iain David McGeachy (11 September 1948 – 29 January 2009), known professionally as John Martyn, was a Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist. Over a 40-year career, he released 23 studio albums, and received frequent critical acclaim. ''The Times'' described him as "an electrifying guitarist and singer whose music blurred the boundaries between folk, jazz, rock and blues".Obituary: "John Martyn: guitarist and singer"
''The Times'', 30 January 2009, pg. 75.

Martyn began his career at age 17 as a key member of the British folk music scene, drawing inspiration from American blues and English traditional music, and signed with Island Records. By the 1970s he had begun incorporating jazz and rock into his sound on albums such as ''Solid Air'' (1973) and '' One World'' (1977), as well as experimenting with guitar effects and tape delay machines such as Echoplex. He struggled with substance abuse and domestic problems throughout the 1970s and 1980s, though he continued to release albums while collaborating with figures such as Phil Collins and Lee "Scratch" Perry. He remained active until his death in 2009.

Early life and education

Martyn was born in Beechcroft Avenue, New Malden, Surrey, to Belgian Jewish mother Beatrice "Betty" Ethel (''née'' Jewitt) and Greenock-born Scottish father Thomas Paterson "Tommy" McGeachy.John Neil Munro, ''Some People Are Crazy — the John Martyn Story''; , Polygon, 2007 p.125 His parents, both opera singers, divorced when he was five and he spent his childhood alternating between Scotland and England. Most of this time was spent in the care of his father and grandmother, Janet, in Shawlands, Glasgow, part of his holidays each year spent on his mother's houseboat. He adapted his accent depending on context or company, changing between broad or refined Glaswegian and southern English accents, and continued to do so throughout his life. He attended Shawlands Academy in Glasgow. At school, he was a keen rugby player. On leaving school he attended Glasgow School of Art, but left to pursue his musical aspirations.

Career

Late 1960s

Mentored by Hamish Imlach, Martyn began his professional musical career when he was 17, playing a fusion of blues and folk resulting in a distinctive style which made him a key figure in the British folk scene during the mid-1960s. He signed to Chris Blackwell's Island Records in 1967 and released his first album, '' London Conversation'', the same year. Released in 1968, his second album, '' The Tumbler'', was moving towards jazz.

1970s

Original sound

By 1970 Martyn had developed a wholly original and idiosyncratic sound: acoustic guitar run through a fuzzbox, phase shifter and Echoplex. This sound was first apparent on '' Stormbringer!'' released in February 1970.

Collaborations with Beverley Martyn

''Stormbringer!'' was written and performed by Martyn and his then-wife Beverley, who had previously recorded solo as Beverley Kutner. Their second duo album, '' The Road to Ruin'', was released in November 1970. Island Records felt that it would be more successful to market Martyn as a solo act and this was how subsequent albums were produced, although Beverley continued to make appearances as a backing singer as well as continuing as a solo artist herself.

Solo releases

Released in 1971, '' Bless the Weather'' was Martyn's third solo album. In February 1973, Martyn released the album ''Solid Air'', the title song a tribute to the singer-songwriter Nick Drake, a close friend and label-mate who would die in 1974 from an overdose of antidepressants. In 2009, a double CD Deluxe edition of ''Solid Air'' was released featuring unreleased songs and out-takes, and sleeve notes by Record Collector's Daryl Easlea. On ''Bless the Weather'' and on ''Solid Air'' Martyn collaborated with jazz bassist Danny Thompson, with whom he proceeded to have a musical partnership which continued until his death.

Following the commercial success of ''Solid Air'', later on in 1973 Martyn quickly recorded and released the experimental '' Inside Out'', an album with emphasis placed on feel and improvisation rather than song structure. In 1975, he followed this with '' Sunday's Child'', a more song-based collection that includes "My Baby Girl" and "Spencer the Rover", which are references to his young family. Martyn subsequently described this period as 'very happy'. In September 1975, he released a live album, ''Live at Leeds'' — Martyn had been unable to persuade Island to release the record, and resorted to selling individually signed copies by mail from his home in Hastings. ''Live at Leeds'' features Danny Thompson and drummer John Stevens. In 2010, a 2CD Deluxe version of Live at Leeds was released, and it was discovered that not all of the songs on the original album were from the Leeds concert. After releasing ''Live at Leeds'', Martyn took a sabbatical, including a visit to Jamaica, spending time with reggae producer Lee "Scratch" Perry.

In 1977, he released '' One World'', which led some commentators to describe Martyn as the "Father of Trip-Hop". It included tracks such as "Small Hours" and "Big Muff", a collaboration with Lee "Scratch" Perry. ''Small Hours'' was recorded outside; the microphones picked up ambient sounds, such as geese from a nearby lake. In 1978, he played guitar on the album ''Harmony of the Spheres'' by Neil Ardley.

1980s

Martyn's marriage broke down at the end of the 1970s and "John hit the self destruct button" (although other biographers, including ''The Times'' obituary writer, attribute the break-up of his marriage to his already being addicted to drink and drugs). In her autobiography, Beverley also alleges protracted domestic violence.Beverley Martyn, Jacki Dacosta, ''Sweet Honesty – The Beverley Martyn Story''; , Grosvenor, 2011 Out of this period, described by Martyn as "a very dark period in my life", came the album ''Grace and Danger''. Released in October 1980, the album had been held up for a year by Chris Blackwell. He was a close friend of John and Beverley, and found the album too openly disturbing to release. Only after intense and sustained pressure from Martyn did Blackwell agree to release the album. Commenting on that period, Martyn said, "I was in a dreadful emotional state over that record. I was hardly in control of my own actions. The reason they finally released it was because I freaked: Please get it out! I don't give a damn about how sad it makes you feel—it's what I'm about: the direct communication of emotion. ''Grace and Danger'' was very cathartic, and it really hurt."

In the late 1980s, Martyn cited ''Grace and Danger'' as his favourite album, and said that it was "probably the most specific piece of autobiography I've written. Some people keep diaries, I make records." The album has since become one of his highest-regarded, prompting a deluxe double-disc issue in 2007, containing the original album remastered.

Phil Collins played drums and sang backing vocals on ''Grace and Danger'' and subsequently played drums on and produced Martyn's next album, ''Glorious Fool'', in 1981. Martyn left Island records in 1981, and recorded ''Glorious Fool'' and '' Well Kept Secret'' for WEA achieving his first Top 30 album. In 1983 Martyn released a live album, '' Philentropy'', and married Annie Furlong but the couple, who had lived in Scotland, later separated. Returning to Island records, he recorded ''Sapphire'' (1984), '' Piece by Piece'' (1986) and the live '' Foundations'' (1987) before leaving the label in 1988.

1990s and 2000s

Martyn released ''The Apprentice'' in 1990 and ''Cooltide'' in 1991 for Permanent Records, and reunited with Phil Collins for '' No Little Boy'' (1993) which featured rerecorded versions of some of his classic tracks. The similar 1992 release '' Couldn't Love You More'' was unauthorised by and disowned by Martyn. Material from these recordings and his two Permanent albums have been recycled on many releases. Permanent Records also released a live 2-CD set called "Live" in 1994. ''And'' (1996) came out on Go! Discs and saw Martyn draw heavily on trip-hop textures, a direction which saw more complete expression on 2000s '' Glasgow Walker''; ''The Church with One Bell'' (1998) is a covers album of blues classics, which draws on songs by other artists, including Portishead and Ben Harper. In 2001, Martyn appeared on the track "Deliver Me" by Faithless keyboard player and DJ Sister Bliss.

In July 2006, the documentary ''Johnny Too Bad'' was screened by the BBC
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