Johannes Elias Teijsmann on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Johannes Elias Teijsmann (1 June 1808 – 22 June 1882) was a biologist, 
He is notable for the introduction of GROWING VANILLA PLANT
, staff.unud.ac.id Due to Teijsmann's hard put effort the number of plant collections in the garden had grown from 900 in 1822 to 10,000 in 1863. Teijsmann also played a large role in the separation of the Botanic Gardens from the adjacent Buitenzorg Palace on 30 May 1868, a move which gave the public and scientists more access to the Gardens.Sejarah Kebun Raya Bogor
krbogor.lipi.go.id He resigned honorably from the directorship of the garden in 1869 and was awarded the title ''"Inspector Honorair Cultures"''. Using this title he visited many of the provincial residences across the Dutch East Indies and continued to gather more plants for the Botanical Gardens. Teijsmann died in 1882 and for of his service to 's Lands Plantentuin, a monument to honor him was erected by the Gardens' director Dr.
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland: Johannes Elias Teijsmann
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teijsmann, Johannes Elias 1808 births 1882 deaths 19th-century Dutch botanists People from Arnhem Palm oil production in Indonesia
Johannes Elias Teijsmann (1 June 1808 – 22 June 1882) was a biologist, botanist
Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...
and plant collector. He was born in Arnhem
Arnhem ( or ; german: Arnheim; South Guelderish: ''Èrnem'') is a city and municipality situated in the eastern part of the Netherlands about 55 km south east of Utrecht. It is the capital of the province of Gelderland, located on both ban ...
, The Netherlands.
His surname is sometimes spelled ''Teysmann'', although he himself spelled it ''Teijsmann''.
Teijsmann travelled to Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mo ...
in 1830 as gardener of Governor General Johannes van den Bosch. He was appointed the director - ''hortulanus'' - of the 's Lands Plantentuin in Buitenzorg (now Bogor
Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.maritime Southeast Asia
Maritime Southeast Asia comprises the countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor. Maritime Southeast Asia is sometimes also referred to as Island Southeast Asia, Insular Southeast Asia or Oceanic Sout ...
. Teijsmann was also part of a Dutch fact-finding mission to Siam
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
(presently Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
).
He is notable for the introduction of cassava
''Manihot esculenta'', commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated ...
plants (from the island of Bantam, near Sumatra
Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...
) as a food source to alleviate famines in the then Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, whic ...
. Together with his collaborator Justus Carl Hasskarl
Justus Carl Hasskarl (6 December 1811 – 5 January 1894) was a German explorer and botanist specializing in Pteridophytes, Bryophytes and Spermatophytes. He was co-founder of the Society of Natural Curiosities of India, in Bavaria and spent his ...
, he introduced the cultivation of Cinchona
''Cinchona'' (pronounced or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are reportedly nat ...
trees (from Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
, image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
, other_symbol = Great Seal of the State
, other_symbol_type = National seal
, national_motto = "Firm and Happy f ...
) for the production of quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis. This includes the treatment of malaria due to '' Plasmodium falciparum'' that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. While sometimes used for nocturnal leg ...
to treat malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. ...
(ca. 1852/1854). There was bitter conflict between Teijsmann and two fellow botanists, Johann Eliza de Vrij (1813–1898) and Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn
Friedrich Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn was a German botanist and geologist. His father, Friedrich Junghuhn was a barber and a surgeon. His mother was Christine Marie Schiele. Junghuhn studied medicine in Halle and in Berlin from 1827 to 1831, meanwhile ...
on the effectiveness of various Cinchona species in the treatment of malaria. Nevertheless, successful experimentation on the plant was carried out in the new Cibodas Gardens which eventually made Java the largest producer of kina (Cinchona bark). His personal interest in palm trees led Teijsmann to introduce the oil palm
''Elaeis'' () is a genus of palms containing two species, called oil palms. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. The African oil palm '' Elaeis guineensis'' (the species name ''guineensis'' referring to its c ...
(from West Africa) to Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
, which remains a significant export earner for the country’s economy. He also introduced vanilla
Vanilla is a spice derived from orchids of the genus '' Vanilla'', primarily obtained from pods of the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla ('' V. planifolia'').
Pollination is required to make the plants produce the fruit from whic ...
artificial pollination techniques to Java, making the crop much more productive and cheaper., staff.unud.ac.id Due to Teijsmann's hard put effort the number of plant collections in the garden had grown from 900 in 1822 to 10,000 in 1863. Teijsmann also played a large role in the separation of the Botanic Gardens from the adjacent Buitenzorg Palace on 30 May 1868, a move which gave the public and scientists more access to the Gardens.Sejarah Kebun Raya Bogor
krbogor.lipi.go.id He resigned honorably from the directorship of the garden in 1869 and was awarded the title ''"Inspector Honorair Cultures"''. Using this title he visited many of the provincial residences across the Dutch East Indies and continued to gather more plants for the Botanical Gardens. Teijsmann died in 1882 and for of his service to 's Lands Plantentuin, a monument to honor him was erected by the Gardens' director Dr.
Melchior Treub
Melchior Treub (26 December 1851 – 3 October 1910) was a Dutch botanist. He worked at the Bogor Botanical Gardens in Buitenzorg on the island of Java, south of Batavia, Dutch East Indies, gaining renown for his work on tropical flora. He also f ...
and his friends in 1884. The monument is located in what is now called the Medan Teijsmann in the Botanic Garden (now known as Kebun Raya Bogor).
The genus ''Teysmannia
''Pottsia'' is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae, first described as a genus in 1837. It is native to East and Southeast Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a cont ...
'' (since the work of Harold Emery Moore more correctly called ''Johannesteijsmannia
''Johannesteijsmannia'' is a genus of four species of Arecaceae, palms found in tropical rainforests of the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and northern Sumatra. They are fan palms, usually growing without a trunk. The genus was named in honor of Johan ...
'') is named in his honour, together with several plant species. He was also commemorated in the periodical ''Teysmannia'', which was published between 1890 and 1922. In 1925, it was incorporated into ''De Indische Culturen-Teysmannia''.
References
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland: Johannes Elias Teijsmann
{{DEFAULTSORT:Teijsmann, Johannes Elias 1808 births 1882 deaths 19th-century Dutch botanists People from Arnhem Palm oil production in Indonesia