Johann Franz Buddeus or Budde (sometimes Johannes Franciscus Buddeus; 25 June 1667,

Anklam Anklam [], formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated on the banks of the Peene river, just 8 km from its mouth in the ''Kleines Haff'', the western ...

– 19 November 1729,

Gotha Gotha () is the fifth-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, west of Erfurt and east of Eisenach with a population of 44,000. The city is the capital of the Gotha (district), district of Gotha and was also a residence of the Ernestine House of Wet ...

) was a

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) ** Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ge ...

Lutheran Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Cathol ...

theologian and philosopher.

Life

Johann Franz Buddeus was a descendant of the French scholar

Guillaume Budé Guillaume Budé (; Latinized as Guilielmus Budaeus; 1468 – 1540) was a French scholar and humanist. He was involved in the founding of Collegium Trilingue, which later became the Collège de France. Budé was also the first keeper of the ...

(also known by the

Latinized name Latinisation (or Latinization) of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation, is the practice of rendering a ''non''-Latin name in a Latin style. It is commonly found with historical proper names, including personal names and toponyms, and in ...

Budaeus); the

Huguenot The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...

family fled France after the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, and those who emigrated to Pomerania Germanized their name as Budde, the Latin equivalent of which was Buddeus.George Ripley and Charles Anderson Dana, ''The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge'', Volume 3 (Appleton, 1873), pp. 393, 404. Johann Franz was born at

Swedish Pomerania Swedish Pomerania ( sv, Svenska Pommern; german: Schwedisch-Pommern) was a dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815 on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland. Following the Polish War and the Thirty Years' War, Sweden held ...

, where his father was pastor. He early received a thorough education in classical and Oriental languages, and had read the

Bible The Bible (from Koine Greek , , 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthologya compilation of texts ...

through in the original before he went to the

University of Wittenberg Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university in ...

in 1685. He was appointed adjunct professor of philosophy there soon after taking his master's degree in 1687, and in 1689 exchanged this for a similar position at

Jena Jena () is a German city and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, while the city itself has a po ...

, where he also paid much attention to the study of history. In 1692, he went to

Coburg Coburg () is a town located on the Itz river in the Upper Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany. Long part of one of the Thuringian states of the Wettin line, it joined Bavaria by popular vote only in 1920. Until the revolution of 1918, it ...

as professor of Greek and Latin in a Gymnasium, and the next year to the new

University of Halle Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university in ...

as professor of moral philosophy. Here he remained until 1705, when he went to Jena as second professor of theology. His lectures embraced all branches of this science, and frequently touched on philosophy, history, and politics. He remained at Jena for the rest of his life, several times acting as

rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...

of the university temporarily and being head of his department and an ecclesiastical councilor from 1715. He was considered the most universally accomplished German theologian of his time. In philosophy he professed an

eclecticism Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories i ...

which rested on a broad historical foundation; but he recognized in Descartes the originator of a new period, and in attacking the "atheist"

Spinoza Baruch (de) Spinoza (born Bento de Espinosa; later as an author and a correspondent ''Benedictus de Spinoza'', anglicized to ''Benedict de Spinoza''; 24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677) was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, ...

followed especially the upholders of the

law of nature Law of nature or laws of nature may refer to: Science *Scientific law, statements based on experimental observations that describe some aspect of the world *Natural law, any of a number of doctrines in moral, political, and legal theory Media * ...

, such as Hugo Grotius, Puffendorf, and Thomasius. His theological position was determined by the tradition of Johannes Musäus at Jena, partly through his close relations with Baier; but on another side he was inclined toward

Pietism Pietism (), also known as Pietistic Lutheranism, is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a holy Christian life, including a social concern for the needy an ...

Works

His works number over a hundred. Those published during the Halle period include ''Elementa philosophiæ practicæ'' (1697) and ''Elementa philosophiæ eclecticæ'' (1703). To the second Jena period belong among others the ''Institutiones theologiæ moralis'' (1711; German transl., 1719), a work strictly in accordance with his philosophical ethics; the ''Historia ecclesiastica veteris testamenti'' (1715–18); ''Theses theologicæ de atheismo et superstitione'' (1716), which, directed especially against

, attracted much attention; ''Institutiones theologiæ dogmaticæ'' (1723), a work once very influential, obviously founded on Baier's Compendium; ''Historische und theologische Einleitung in die vornehmsten Religionsstreitigkeiten'' (1724, 1728), edited by Walch; ''Isagoge historico-theologica ad theologiam universam'' (1727), dealing with the problems methods, and history of theology in a way remarkable for that time; and ''Ecclesia apostolica'' (1729), intended as an introduction to the study of the

New Testament The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Chri ...

Collected works

* ''Gesammelte Schriften''. Reprint Hildesheim, Georg Olms, 1999–2006 (10 vols.)

Notes

References

*
"Johannes Franciscus Buddeus"
* Vladimir Abashnik, Johann Franz Budde. In: The Dictionary of eighteenth-century German philosophers. General editors: Heiner F. Klemme, Manfred Kuehn. In 3 vol. London: Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd., 2010, Vol. 1: A – G, pp. 164–169.

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Buddeus, Johann Franz 1667 births 1729 deaths People from Anklam People from Swedish Pomerania 17th-century Latin-language writers 18th-century Latin-language writers German Lutheran theologians People from the Province of Pomerania 18th-century German Protestant theologians German male non-fiction writers 18th-century German male writers 17th-century German male writers