Joan Luedders Wolfe
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Joan Luedders Wolfe (May 2, 1929 – January 23, 2021) was an
environmental A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution. A biophysical environment can vary in scale f ...
activist who founded the West Michigan Environmental Action Council in 1968. She has been described as "one of the mothers of the modern environmental movement", often acting on a national or global level to achieve local change. Wolfe coordinated the drafting and passage of the landmark Michigan Environmental Protection Act of 1970. At Wolfe's request, the law was written by University of Michigan law professor
Joseph Sax Joseph Lawrence Sax (February 3, 1936 – March 9, 2014) was an environmental law professor, known for developing the public trust doctrine.Douglas Martin"Joseph Sax, Who Pioneered Environmental Law, Dies at 78"(obituary), ''New York Times'', Marc ...
.Douglas Martin
"Joseph Sax, Who Pioneered Environmental Law, Dies at 78"
(obituary), '' New York Times'', March 10, 2014.
The legislation became the model for similar statutes in twelve other states, and the basis for federal and international environmental law. She and her husband, Willard E. Wolfe, DDS (March 8, 1926 – February 16, 2011), were also key strategists in writing and lobbying for passage of Michigan's Inland Lakes and Streams Act of 1972.


Early life and education

Joan Wolfe (née Luedders) grew up in Highland Park, Michigan. Her parents were William and Mary Lou Luedders. She had a sister Sarah and also a twin brother Dean. She attended Hollins College in Virginia for two years and then transferred to University of Michigan, where she earned an undergraduate degree in economics. Following graduation, Wolfe worked for the Ford Motor Company for a year then in Boston, Massachusetts, for a year, living with friends, returning to Michigan in 1953. Wolfe married Will Wolfe in 1953, and they raised their sons Peter and John in Belmont, Michigan. During the early portion of their marriage, Joan Wolfe was a homemaker and occasional
substitute teacher A substitute teacher is a person who teaches a school class when the regular teacher is absent or unavailable; e.g., because of illness, personal leave, maternal leave and so on. "Substitute teacher" (usually abbreviated as "sub") is the most co ...
. Wolfe developed an interest in birdwatching, eventually becoming an expert, with a special interest in spring warblers. In her early adulthood, Wolfe developed an interest in environmentalism which she later attributed to two influences. One was her experience in the
Girl Scouts Girl Guides (known as Girl Scouts in the United States and some other countries) is a worldwide movement, originally and largely still designed for girls and women only. The movement began in 1909 when girls requested to join the then-grassroot ...
as a child. The second was the 1962 publication of the book '' Silent Spring'', authored by Rachel Carson.


Career

As a young adult, Wolfe was active with the Audubon Society and with
Trout Unlimited Trout Unlimited (TU) is a US non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of freshwater streams, rivers, and associated upland habitats for trout, salmon, other aquatic species, and people. It is headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. Th ...
. She recognized that these organizations had certain objectives in common but did not work in a common approach and that the lack of coordination limited their effectiveness. Therefore, Wolfe developed an approach to environmental action that emphasized cooperation between various environmental groups. Wolfe stated in a 2008 interview, "...it was our idea that there should be an environmental organization that a lot of different organizations could join and there could be cooperative work." She enlisted the aid of other environmentalist leaders in Michigan, ultimately resulting in the creation of the West Michigan Environmental Action Council (WMEAC). Wolfe served as director of the organization. As the hazards of DDT to wildlife and the environment became better known, WMEAC sued the state of Michigan to ban the use of DDT for agricultural purposes. However, the courts ruled that private citizens and private organizations could not sue on behalf of the environment, and so the
lawsuit - A lawsuit is a proceeding by a party or parties against another in the civil court of law. The archaic term "suit in law" is found in only a small number of laws still in effect today. The term "lawsuit" is used in reference to a civil actio ...
failed. Subsequently, Wolfe worked with University of Michigan Law School professor Joseph Sax to draft legislation stipulating that ordinary citizens could be deputized and empowered as defenders of the environment and thereby be able to pursue civil lawsuits for the sake of the environment. The legislation was successfully passed in 1970 as the Michigan Environmental Protection Act. This legislation ultimately served as a model for similar legislation for approximately twelve other states in the United States. Joan Luedders Wolfe and her husband Willard E. Wolfe co-led the effort that ultimately resulted in passage of Michigan's Inland Lakes and Streams Act of 1972. Provisions of this legislation included permitting requirements for construction or any land-altering activity close to Michigan's extensive shoreline and its lakes and streams. Subsequently, others have questioned whether the legislation was sufficient. Later on, WMEAC under Wolfe's leadership took on environmental aspects related to nuclear waste disposal. Wolfe was appointed in 1973 by Gov. William Milliken to the Michigan Natural Resources Commission. She was the first woman appointed to the committee and eventually became chair. She was also a member of the first Natural Resources Trust Fund Board, the Governor's Advisory Committee on Electric Energy Alternatives, and the board of the
National Audubon Society The National Audubon Society (Audubon; ) is an American non-profit environmental organization dedicated to conservation of birds and their habitats. Located in the United States and incorporated in 1905, Audubon is one of the oldest of such organ ...
. Wolfe is author of the book ''Making Things Happen: How to be an Effective Volunteer'', which was published in 1991. Based on her experience in the environmental movement, Wolfe provides an assessment of volunteerism and outlines the basic skills that volunteers need to make a stronger impact. Later in life, Wolfe worked at the Resource Recovery Department for
Kent County, Michigan Kent County is located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2020 Census, the county had a population of 657,974, making it the fourth most populous county in Michigan, and the largest outside of the Detroit area. Its county seat is Grand ...
, and taught enrichment classes at the Oakdale Elementary School in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Regarding her accomplishments, Wolfe stated, "....I never aspired to be head of anything in particular, but I did aspire to get things done." She was active in the
League of Women Voters The League of Women Voters (LWV or the League) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan political organization in the United States. Founded in 1920, its ongoing major activities include registering voters, providing voter information, and advocating for vot ...
. Wolfe also wrote an account of the passage of the Michigan Environmental Protection Act of 1970 and the Inland Lakes and Streams Act of 1972 that provides advice to activists seeking to enact legislation today. One of Wolfe's environmental accomplishments, the Michigan Environmental Protection Act, was partially reversed through actions of a conservative majority of the Michigan Supreme Court in 2004.


Personal life

Wolfe's younger son Peter was killed in 1984 while serving as a
Peace Corps Volunteer This is a list of notable persons who have been members of the United States Peace Corps, along with their terms of service. The Peace Corps volunteers category page may include a more extensive list of individuals. Business * Patricia Cloher ...
in
Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...
. After her husband Will retired, the couple lived in Frankfort, Michigan. Joan Luedders Wolfe died from end stage dementia on January 23, 2021.


Honors

In 1996, Wolfe was one of eight honorees of the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame, and was awarded in 1973 an honorary doctorate in public service from Western Michigan University. In April 2014 she was inducted into the Michigan Environmental Hall of Fame. In 2004, Wolfe was queen of the
National Trout Festival The National Trout Festival is an annual festival held in Kalkaska, Michigan the last full weekend in April to celebrate the opening of trout season in Michigan. The 86th National Trout Festival will be held 19–23 April 2023. 2020 was cancelled ...
, held annually in Kalkaska, Michigan.


Further reading

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wolfe, Joan Luedders 1929 births 2021 deaths American women environmentalists 20th-century American women 21st-century American women University of Michigan alumni People from Highland Park, Michigan