The Jarwanid dynasty () was an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia in the 14th century.

History

The Jarwanids belonged to the clan of Bani Malik. It is disputed whether they belonged to the Banu Uqayl—the tribe of their predecessors the Usfurids and their successors the Jabrids—or to the Banu Abdul Qays, to whom the Uyunids, Uyunid dynasty (1076-1235) belonged. The Jarwanids came to power some time in the 14th century, after expelling the forces of Sa'eed ibn Mughamis, the chief of the Muntafiq tribe based in the Iraqi city of Basrah. Contemporary sources such Ibn Battuta and Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar describe the Jarwanids as being "extreme Rafidha, Rawafidh," a term for Shi'ites who rejected the first three Rashidun Caliphs, Caliphs, while a 15th-century Sunni scholar from Egypt describes them as being "remnants of the Qarmatians." Historian Juan Cole concludes from this that they were Isma'ilis.Juan R. I. Cole, "Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300-1800", ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', Vol. 19, No. 2. (May, 1987), pp. 177-203, at p. 179, through JSTOR

/ref> However, the Twelver Shi'ite sect was promoted under their rule, and Twelver scholars held the judgeships and other important positions, including the chief of the ''hisbah, hisba''. Also, unlike under the Qarmatians, Islamic Salah, prayers were held in the mosques under Jarwanid rule, and prayer was called under the Shi'ite formula. A Twelver scholar of the 14th century, Jamaluddeen Al-Mutawwa', belonged to the house of Jarwan. According to Al-Humaydan, who specialized in the history of eastern Arabia, the Jarwanids were Twelvers, and the term "Qaramita" was used simply as an epithet for "Shi'ite."Al-Wasit Online Newspaper, Issue 2379, March 12, 2009, citing Al-Humayda

br>الشيعة المتصوفون وقيادة في مسجد الخميس، حسين محمد حسين Jarwanid rule came to an end in the 15th century at the hands of the Jabrids, a clan of the Banu Uqayl Bedouins.

References

{{Muslim dynasties in Arabian Peninsula Shia dynasties Arab dynasties History of Eastern Arabia Bahraini monarchs Bahrani noble families Arab slave owners

History

See also

References