JAK1 is a human
tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.
Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger cla ...
protein essential for signaling for certain type I and type II
cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in au ...
s. It interacts with the common gamma chain (γc) of
type I cytokine receptor
Type I cytokine receptors are transmembrane receptors expressed on the surface of cells that recognize and respond to cytokines with four α-helical strands. These receptors are also known under the name ''hemopoietin receptors'', and share a c ...
s, to elicit signals from the
IL-2 receptor family (e.g.
IL-2R,
IL-7R,
IL-9R and
IL-15R), the
IL-4 receptor family (e.g.
IL-4R and
IL-13R), the
gp130 receptor family (e.g.
IL-6R,
IL-11R,
LIF-R
LIFR also known as CD118 (Cluster of Differentiation 118), is a subunit of a receptor for leukemia inhibitory factor.
Function
The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a polyfunctional cytokine that affects the differentiation, survival, and ...
,
OSM-R,
cardiotrophin-1 receptor (CT-1R),
ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTF-R),
neurotrophin-1 receptor (NNT-1R) and
Leptin
Leptin (from Greek λεπτός ''leptos'', "thin" or "light" or "small") is a hormone predominantly made by adipose cells and enterocytes in the small intestine that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger, which in turn dimi ...
-R). It is also important for transducing a signal by type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ)
interferon
Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten th ...
s, and members of the
IL-10 family via
type II cytokine receptor
Type II cytokine receptors, also commonly known as class II cytokine receptors, are transmembrane proteins that are expressed on the surface of certain cells. They bind and respond to a select group of cytokines including interferon type I, ...
s.
Jak1 plays a critical role in initiating responses to multiple major cytokine receptor families. Loss of Jak1 is lethal in neonatal mice, possibly due to difficulties suckling.
Expression of JAK1 in cancer cells enables individual cells to contract, potentially allowing them to escape their tumor and
metastasize
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, ...
to other parts of the body.
Interactions
Janus kinase 1 has been shown to
interact
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with:
*
ELP2
Elongator complex protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ELP2'' gene.
Interactions
ELP2 has been shown to interact with STAT3
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor which in ...
,
*
GNB2L1
*
IL6ST,
*
Grb2,
*
IL2RB,
IRS1
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IRS-1'' gene. It is a 131 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues. It contains a single pleckstrin homology (PH) domain at the N- ...
,PTPN11
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D), Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTP-2C) is an enzyme that in huma ...
,STAM2
Signal transducing adapter molecule 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STAM2'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to STAM, an adaptor protein involved in the downstream signaling of cytokine rece ...
,STAT3
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the ''STAT3'' gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family.
Function
STAT3 is a member of the STAT protein family. In respons ...
,STAT5B
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STAT5B'' gene. ''STAT5B'' orthologs have been identified in most placentals for which complete genome data are available.
Function
The protei ...
,[ and
* TNFRSF1A.]
See also
*Janus kinase inhibitor
A Janus kinase inhibitor, also known as JAK inhibitor or jakinib, is a type of immune modulating medication, which inhibits the activity of one or more of the Janus kinase family of enzymes (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2), thereby interfering with the JA ...
References
Further reading
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External links
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Tyrosine kinases