James Gilluly (June 24, 1896 – December 29, 1980) was an American geologist. Regarding the Cupriferous Porphyry Genesis, Gilluly integrated detailed observations of the Ajo porphyry between 1936 and 1936 with experimental data (Goranson, 1931, Gilluly, 1937). Gilluly concluded that after the Ajo quartz monzonite intruded and crystallized, it was fractured by magmatic bypass solutions (p. 73). Gilluly frequency experimental restrictions to estimate a paleo depth between 1000 and 3000 (m) (average 2000 (m) or 0.5 kbar at lithostatic pressure), consistent with solidus temperatures of 900 °C for granite, containing 4% by weight of water. He realized that the source magmatic content was water, sulfur and halogens, and that the binders can form complexes with metals to produce an aqueous fluid with larger volumes. On the other hand, one can also count on the fact that volatiles decrease the solubility of water in magma and the vapor pressure of expelled fluid could fracture the wedge-shaped dome made of country rock and solidified magma. This is summarized in the discharges of magmatic fluids corresponding to continuous processes that lead to the accumulation of fluids in intercourse, which maintains an intermittent fracturing., The influence of Geochemical Techniques on the Development of Genetic Models for Porphyry Copper Deposits, published in the Vol. 10 of the Reviews in Economic Geology de la Society of Economic Geologists.

Life and career

Gilluly's paternal grandfather was a follower of

Robert Emmett Robert Emmet (4 March 177820 September 1803) was an Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader. Following the suppression of the United Irish uprising in 1798, he sought to organise a renewed attempt to overthrow the British Crown and Protes ...

who left County Galway for the United States in 1793. Gilluly's paternal ancestors lived in the state of New York, and subsequently moved to Michigan and Kansas before settling in the state of Washington. His maternal ancestors arrived in the United States in 1830, from

Württemberg Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart. Together with Baden and Hohenzollern, two other historical territories, Württ ...

in Germany. They lived in

East St. Louis East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth. Etymology As in other languages, the word is formed from the f ...

prior to

Kittitas County, Washington Kittitas County () is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. At the 2020 census, its population was 44,337. Its county seat and largest city is Ellensburg. The county was created in November 1883 when it was carved out of Yakima Co ...

. James Gilluly was born to Charles Elijah Gilluly and Louisa Elizabeth Briegel Gilluly in Seattle on June 24, 1896. He played American football in high school and graduated first in his class. Gilluly enrolled at the

University of Washington The University of Washington (UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Founded in 1861, Washington is one of the oldest universities on the West Coast; it was established in Seattl ...

in 1915, where he explored the study of engineering and economics before focusing on geology. After serving in the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

between 1917 and 1918, Gilluly completed his bachelor's degrees in 1920. Upon graduation, Gilluly began working for the National Refining Company. He then worked in insurance before joining the

United States Geological Survey The United States Geological Survey (USGS), formerly simply known as the Geological Survey, is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, ...

on a part-time basis in 1922. Gilluly concurrently enrolled in graduate study at

Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University (Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, Johns Hopkins is the oldest research university in the United States and in the western hemisphere. It consi ...

, and later transferred to

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Sta ...

, where he earned a doctorate in 1925. Gilluly engaged in field work throughout the United States on behalf of the USGS until 1931, when the agency sent him to Europe. Starting in 1938, Gilluly split his time between the USGS and the

University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California S ...

. He moved to Los Angeles in 1940, but was soon recalled to work mainly on strategic minerals for the Geological Survey as part of the

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

effort. In 1944, Gilluly accepted a transfer to the

Military Geology Unit The Military Geology Unit was a unit in the United States military during World War II. It was established on June 24, 1942, six months after Pearl Harbor.Terman, Maurice, 1998, ''Military Geology Unit of the U.S. Geological Survey during World W ...

, through which he was assigned to the South West Pacific Command. Gilluly researched the terrain in Australia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. The

Battle of Leyte A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...

that took place in October began at a landing site Gilluly selected. He arrived on the island with

United States Marines The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through com ...

forces. Gilluly returned to UCLA in 1945. He found the institution's bureaucratic nature intolerable, and resigned from the faculty in 1950, in the midst of the

Second Red Scare McCarthyism is the practice of making false or unfounded accusations of subversion and treason, especially when related to anarchism, communism and socialism, and especially when done in a public and attention-grabbing manner. The term origina ...

. Gilluly retired from the USGS in 1966. In 1947, Gilluly was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. The next year, he served as president of the

Geological Society of America The Geological Society of America (GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences. History The society was founded in Ithaca, New York, in 1888 by Alexander Winchell, John J. Stevenson, Charles H. Hitch ...

, and was awarded the GSA's

Penrose Medal The Penrose Medal was created in 1925 by R.A.F. Penrose, Jr., as the top prize awarded by the Geological Society of America. Originally created as the Geological Society of America Medal it was soon renamed the Penrose Medal by popular assent of t ...

in 1958. He was a Guggenheim Fellowship recipient in 1960, and won the awarded by the

American Geophysical Union The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, atmospheric, ocean, hydrologic, space, and planetary scientists and enthusiasts that according to their website includes 130,000 people (not members). AGU's a ...

in 1969. Gilluly died in

Denver, Colorado Denver () is a consolidated city and county, the capital, and most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Its population was 715,522 at the 2020 census, a 19.22% increase since 2010. It is the 19th-most populous city in the Unit ...

, on December 29, 1980, aged 84.

Selected publications

Gilluly, J, and Reeside, JB. 1928. ''Sedimentary Rocks of the San Rafael Swell and Some Adjacent Areas in Eastern Utah''. USGS Professional Paper 150-D. Roberts, RJ, Hotz, PE, Gilluly, J, and Ferguson, HG. 1958. ''Paleozoic Rocks of North-Central Nevada''. AAPG Bulletin, v 42, #12, pp 2813–2857. Gilluly, J. 1969. '' Oceanic Sediment Volumes and Continental Drift''. Science, v 166, pp 992–994. Gilluly, J. 1971. ''Plate Tectonics and Magmatic Evolution'', GSA Bulletin, v 82, pp 2382–2396. Reprinted in Cox, Allan (ed). 1973. ''Plate Tectonics and Geomagnetic Reversals''. WH Freeman and Company.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gilluly, James 1896 births 1980 deaths 20th-century American geologists Scientists from Seattle University of Washington alumni Johns Hopkins University alumni Yale University alumni United States Navy personnel of World War I United States Geological Survey personnel University of California, Los Angeles faculty American people of German descent American people of Irish descent Presidents of the Geological Society of America